1,720,963 research outputs found
Dinamika Level Cairan pada Sistem Tangki-Seri-Tak-Berinteraksi dengan Arus Recycle
Get PDFThis research studies the liquid level dynamic behavior of non-interacting-tank (NIT) with recycle-stream which is frequently used in industries. Two tanks with volume of 25 liters are designed and arranged in series for experimentation in laboratory. Part of liquid from Tank-2 is recycled back to the Tank-1. In this work, the mass disturbance load has been made based on both step increase and decrease. Those disturbances include the changes of flow-rate in input (fi) and recycle (fR) streams. The dynamic behavior of NIT system has also been explored. As can be seen from our investigation in laboratory, Tank-1 in NIT system produces a stable response to the disturbance change in flow-rates of the input and recycle streams. But, the liquid level response of Tank-2 is unstable. Furthermore, dynamic simulation using computer programming is also done, and its simulation results are compared with the experiment data from laboratory. The developed mathematical model of the NIT system is solved numerically. Such mathematical model is rigorously examined in Scilab software environment. The trends of simulation results are quite similar with those in our experiment results. As shown in our experiment and dynamic simulation results, this study is therefore considered useful to design a liquid level control configuration of NIT system for the next study
Dinamika Level Cairan pada Sistem Tangki-Seri-Tak-Berinteraksi dengan Arus Recycle
Get PDFThis research studies the liquid level dynamic behavior of non-interacting-tank (NIT) with recycle-stream which is frequently used in industries. Two tanks with volume of 25 liters are designed and arranged in series for experimentation in laboratory. Part of liquid from Tank-2 is recycled back to the Tank-1. In this work, the mass disturbance load has been made based on both step increase and decrease. Those disturbances include the changes of flow-rate in input (fi) and recycle (fR) streams. The dynamic behavior of NIT system has also been explored. As can be seen from our investigation in laboratory, Tank-1 in NIT system produces a stable response to the disturbance change in flow-rates of the input and recycle streams. But, the liquid level response of Tank-2 is unstable. Furthermore, dynamic simulation using computer programming is also done, and its simulation results are compared with the experiment data from laboratory. The developed mathematical model of the NIT system is solved numerically. Such mathematical model is rigorously examined in Scilab software environment. The trends of simulation results are quite similar with those in our experiment results. As shown in our experiment and dynamic simulation results, this study is therefore considered useful to design a liquid level control configuration of NIT system for the next study
Dynamic Simulation and Composition Control in A 10 L Mixing Tank
Get PDFThe open loop experiment of composition dynamic in a 10 L mixing tank has been successfully done in laboratory. A 10 L tank was designed for mixing of water (as a stream-1) and salt solution (as a stream-2 with salt concentration, c2¬ constant). An electric stirrer was employed to obtain uniform composition in tank. In order to keep the liquid volume constant, the system was designed overflow. In this work, 2 composition control configurations have been proposed; they are Alternative-1 and Alternative-2. For Alternative-1, the volumetric-rate of stream-1 is chosen as a manipulated variable, while the volumetric-rate of stream-2 is chosen as a manipulated variable for Alternative-2. The composition control parameters for both alternatives have been tuned experimentally. The volumetric-rate of manipulated variable was changed based on step function. The outlet stream’s composition response (c3) to a change in the input volumetric-rate has been investigated. This research gave Proportional Integral Derivative (PID) control parameters. The gain controllers Kc [cm6/(gr.sec)] for Alternative-1 and Alternative-2 are –34200 and 40459 respectively. Integral time constant (
I) and Derivative time constant (D) for both alternatives are the same, i.e.
I = 16 second, and D = 4 second. Furthermore, closed loop dynamic simulation using computer programming was also done to evaluate the resulted tuning parameters. The developed mathematical model of composition control system in a mixing tank was solved numerically. Such mathematical model was rigorously examined in Scilab software environment. As can be seen from our closed loop simulation, closed loop responses in PID control were faster than those in P and PI controls
Dinamika Suhu pada Sistem Tangki-Seri-Tak-Berinteraksi dengan Arus Recycle
Get PDFThis research studies the temperature dynamic behavior of non-interacting-tank (NIT) with recycle-stream which is frequently used in industries. Two tanks with volume of 25 liters are designed and arranged in series for experimentation in laboratory. Part of liquid from Tank-2 is recycled back to the Tank-1. In this work, the liquid volume of both Tank-1 and Tank-2 are remained at constant value. The heat disturbance load has been made based on both step increase and decrease. Those disturbances include the changes of temperature in input (T i) and recycle (TR) streams. The temperature dynamic behavior of NIT system has also been explored. As can be seen from our investigation in laboratory, both of Tank-1 and Tank-2 in NIT system produce a stable response to the disturbance change in temperature of the input and recycle streams. Furthermore, dynamic simulation using computer programming is also done, and its simulation results are compared with the experiment data from laboratory. The developed mathematical model of the NIT system is solved numerically. Such mathematical model is rigorously examined in Scilab software environment. This research also shows that the trends of temperature dynamic simulation results are quite similar with those in our experiment results.This research studies the temperature dynamic behavior of non-interacting-tank (NIT) with recycle-stream which is frequently used in industries. Two tanks with volume of 25 liters are designed and arranged in series for experimentation in laboratory. Part of liquid from Tank-2 is recycled back to the Tank-1. In this work, the liquid volume of both Tank-1 and Tank-2 are remained at constant value. The heat disturbance load has been made based on both step increase and decrease. Those disturbances include the changes of temperature in input (T i)and recycle (TR) streams. The temperature dynamic behavior of NIT system has also been explored. As can be seen from our investigation in laboratory, both of Tank-1 and Tank-2 in NIT system produce a stable response to the disturbance change in temperature of the input and recycle streams. Furthermore, dynamic simulation using computer programming is also done, and its simulation results are compared with the experiment data from laboratory. The developed mathematical model of the NIT system is solved numerically. Such mathematical model is rigorously examined in Scilab software environment. This research also shows that the trends of temperature dynamic simulation results are quite similar with those in our experiment results
Dinamika Suhu pada Sistem Tangki-Seri-Tak-Berinteraksi dengan Arus Recycle
Get PDFThis research studies the temperature dynamic behavior of non-interacting-tank (NIT) with recycle-stream which is frequently used in industries. Two tanks with volume of 25 liters are designed and arranged in series for experimentation in laboratory. Part of liquid from Tank-2 is recycled back to the Tank-1. In this work, the liquid volume of both Tank-1 and Tank-2 are remained at constant value. The heat disturbance load has been made based on both step increase and decrease. Those disturbances include the changes of temperature in input (T i) and recycle (TR) streams. The temperature dynamic behavior of NIT system has also been explored. As can be seen from our investigation in laboratory, both of Tank-1 and Tank-2 in NIT system produce a stable response to the disturbance change in temperature of the input and recycle streams. Furthermore, dynamic simulation using computer programming is also done, and its simulation results are compared with the experiment data from laboratory. The developed mathematical model of the NIT system is solved numerically. Such mathematical model is rigorously examined in Scilab software environment. This research also shows that the trends of temperature dynamic simulation results are quite similar with those in our experiment results.This research studies the temperature dynamic behavior of non-interacting-tank (NIT) with recycle-stream which is frequently used in industries. Two tanks with volume of 25 liters are designed and arranged in series for experimentation in laboratory. Part of liquid from Tank-2 is recycled back to the Tank-1. In this work, the liquid volume of both Tank-1 and Tank-2 are remained at constant value. The heat disturbance load has been made based on both step increase and decrease. Those disturbances include the changes of temperature in input (T i)and recycle (TR) streams. The temperature dynamic behavior of NIT system has also been explored. As can be seen from our investigation in laboratory, both of Tank-1 and Tank-2 in NIT system produce a stable response to the disturbance change in temperature of the input and recycle streams. Furthermore, dynamic simulation using computer programming is also done, and its simulation results are compared with the experiment data from laboratory. The developed mathematical model of the NIT system is solved numerically. Such mathematical model is rigorously examined in Scilab software environment. This research also shows that the trends of temperature dynamic simulation results are quite similar with those in our experiment results
DYNAMIC SIMULATION AND COMPOSITION CONTROL IN A 10 L MIXING TANK
No full textThe open loop experiment of composition dynamic in a 10 L mixing tank has been successfully done inlaboratory. A 10 L tank was designed for mixing of water (as a stream-1) and salt solution (as astream-2 with salt concentration, c2 constant). An electric stirrer was employed to obtain uniformcomposition in tank. In order to keep the liquid volume constant, the system was designed overflow. Inthis work, 2 composition control configurations have been proposed; they are Alternative-1 andAlternative-2. For Alternative-1, the volumetric-rate of stream-1 was chosen as a manipulatedvariable, while the volumetric-rate of stream-2 was chosen as a manipulated variable for Alternative-2. The composition control parameters for both alternatives have been tuned experimentally. Thevolumetric-rate of manipulated variable was changed based on step function. The outlet stream’scomposition response (c3) to a change in the input volumetric-rate has been investigated. Thisexperiment gave Proportional Integral Derivative (PID) control parameters. The gain controllers Kc[cm6/(gr.sec)] for Alternative-1 and Alternative-2 are -34200 and 40459 respectively. Integral timeconstant ( tI) and Derivative time constant (tD) for both alternatives are the same, i.e. tI = 16 second,and tD = 4 second. Furthermore, closed loop dynamic simulation using computer programming wasalso done to evaluate the resulted tuning parameters. The developed mathematical model ofcomposition control system in a mixing tank was solved numerically. Such mathematical model wasrigorously examined in Scilab software environment. The results showed that closed loop responses inPID control were faster than those in P and PI controls.</jats:p
DYNAMIC SIMULATION AND COMPOSITION CONTROL IN A 10 L MIXING TANK
No full textThe open loop experiment of composition dynamic in a 10 L mixing tank has been successfully done inlaboratory. A 10 L tank was designed for mixing of water (as a stream-1) and salt solution (as astream-2 with salt concentration, c2 constant). An electric stirrer was employed to obtain uniformcomposition in tank. In order to keep the liquid volume constant, the system was designed overflow. Inthis work, 2 composition control configurations have been proposed; they are Alternative-1 andAlternative-2. For Alternative-1, the volumetric-rate of stream-1 was chosen as a manipulatedvariable, while the volumetric-rate of stream-2 was chosen as a manipulated variable for Alternative-2. The composition control parameters for both alternatives have been tuned experimentally. Thevolumetric-rate of manipulated variable was changed based on step function. The outlet stream’scomposition response (c3) to a change in the input volumetric-rate has been investigated. Thisexperiment gave Proportional Integral Derivative (PID) control parameters. The gain controllers Kc[cm6/(gr.sec)] for Alternative-1 and Alternative-2 are -34200 and 40459 respectively. Integral timeconstant ( tI) and Derivative time constant (tD) for both alternatives are the same, i.e. tI = 16 second,and tD = 4 second. Furthermore, closed loop dynamic simulation using computer programming wasalso done to evaluate the resulted tuning parameters. The developed mathematical model ofcomposition control system in a mixing tank was solved numerically. Such mathematical model wasrigorously examined in Scilab software environment. The results showed that closed loop responses inPID control were faster than those in P and PI controls
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
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