33 research outputs found
Pengetahuan Persepsi dan Partisipasi Masyarakat dalam Pemanfaatan Ruang Berwawasan Lingkungan di Kota Bengkulu
No full textABSTRAK Kebutuhan pemanfaatan ruang di wilayah Kota Bengkulu terus meningkat sejalan dengan meningkatnya aktifitas masyarakat dan kegiatan sosial ekonomi yang menyertainya. Perubahan pemanfaatan ruang seringkali tidak sesuai dengan rencana tata ruang. yang dapat menimbulkan dampak negatif terhadap lingkungan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pengetahuan. persepsi dan partisipasi masyarakat. Pengumpulan data penelitian menggunakan metode survey. Penentuan sampel digunakan teknik multi stage random sampling. Selanjutnya dipilih sampel masyarakat secara acak (random sampling). Cara penilaian dilakukan dengan memberikan skor pada tiap pertanyaan di kuesioner dan kemudian dianalisa secara deskriptif kualitatif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pengetahuan masyarakat cenderung sedang yaitu sebesar 56 %. Persepsi masyarakat cenderung sedang yaitu sebesar 62 %. Partisipasi masyarakat cenderung sedang dengan persentase sebesar 50.4%. Semakin tinggi pendidikan. tingkat perekonomian dan peran media massa maka semakin meningkatkan pengetahuan penduduk.Semakin tinggi pengetahuan penduduk maka semakin meningkatkan persepsi dan partisipasi penduduk. Semakin meningkatnya persepsi penduduk maka partisipasi penduduk juga semakin meningkat.
ABSTRACT The need to use space in the city of Bengkulu continued to increase in line with increased activity of the community and social and economic activities that accompany it. Changes in utilization of space is often not in accordance with the spatial plan. which can have negative impacts on the environment. This study aimed to analyze the knowledge. perception and participation. Data collection research using survey method. The samples used multi-stage random sampling technique. The next randomly selected community sample (random sampling). Way assessment is done by giving a score to each question in the questionnaire and then analyzed descriptively qualitative. The results showed that the knowledge society tends to moderate in the amount of 56%. Public perception tends to moderate in the amount of 62%. Community participation tends to moderate with a percentage of 50.4%
PENGETAHUAN, PERSEPSI, DAN PARTISIPASI MASYARAKAT DALAM PEMANFAATAN RUANG BERWAWASAN LINGKUNGAN DI KOTA BENGKULU
No full textThe need for the use of space in the city of Bengkulu continue to increase in
line with increased activity of the community and the accompanying social and
economic activities. Changes in the utilization of space that are not appropriate with
the spatial plan, which can have negative impacts on the environment. This research
aims to analyze the knowledge, perception and participation society. Furthermore, to
analyze the relationship between age, education, economic level, the role of the mass
media, and socialization toward the knowledge level of the community, and to
analyze the relationship of knowledge, perception and participation society toward
space utilization of environmentally friendly in Bengkulu city.
The collecting of the research data used survey method using questionnaire
that given to 125 respondents. The samples used multi stage random sampling
technique, which of the city of Bengkulu, another part was taken under Section
Regional City ( BWK ), then selected from each of the districts BWK, the urban
districts that would have been taken the sampling community. Furthermore the
sample selected randomly (random sampling). The assessment was done by giving a
score to each question in the questionnaire and then analyzed by descriptive
qualitative.
The results showed that the knowledge society tended to medium at 56 %.
The public perception tended to medium at 62 %. Community participation tended to
medium at 50,4 %. The more often the mass media convey information about the
space utilization of public knowledge will be higher. The higher the knowledge
society, the higher community participation toward space utilization of
environmentally friendly. The higher the education, the level of the economy and the
role of the mass media to further improve the knowledge of the population. The
higher the population, the increase of knowledge and perception of resident
participation. The increasing perception of the participation of the population is also
increasing.
Keywords: spatial utilization, environmentally friendly, knowledge, perception,
participation
Prolonged Exposure of Primary Human Muscle Cells to Plasma Fatty Acids Associated with Obese Phenotype Induces Persistent Suppression of Muscle Mitochondrial ATP Synthase β Subunit
No full textabstract: Our previous studies show reduced abundance of the β-subunit of mitochondrial H+-ATP synthase (β-F1-ATPase) in skeletal muscle of obese individuals. The β-F1-ATPase forms the catalytic core of the ATP synthase, and it is critical for ATP production in muscle. The mechanism(s) impairing β-F1-ATPase metabolism in obesity, however, are not completely understood. First, we studied total muscle protein synthesis and the translation efficiency of β-F1-ATPase in obese (BMI, 36±1 kg/m[superscript 2]) and lean (BMI, 22±1 kg/m[superscript 2]) subjects. Both total protein synthesis (0.044±0.006 vs 0.066±0.006%·h[superscript -1]) and translation efficiency of β-F1-ATPase (0.0031±0.0007 vs 0.0073±0.0004) were lower in muscle from the obese subjects when compared to the lean controls (P<0.05). We then evaluated these same responses in a primary cell culture model, and tested the specific hypothesis that circulating non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA) in obesity play a role in the responses observed in humans. The findings on total protein synthesis and translation efficiency of β-F1-ATPase in primary myotubes cultured from a lean subject, and after exposure to NEFA extracted from serum of an obese subject, were similar to those obtained in humans. Among candidate microRNAs (i.e., non-coding RNAs regulating gene expression), we identified miR-127-5p in preventing the production of β-F1-ATPase. Muscle expression of miR-127-5p negatively correlated with β-F1-ATPase protein translation efficiency in humans (r = – 0.6744; P<0.01), and could be modeled in vitro by prolonged exposure of primary myotubes derived from the lean subject to NEFA extracted from the obese subject. On the other hand, locked nucleic acid inhibitor synthesized to target miR-127-5p significantly increased β-F1-ATPase translation efficiency in myotubes (0.6±0.1 vs 1.3±0.3, in control vs exposure to 50 nM inhibitor; P<0.05). Our experiments implicate circulating NEFA in obesity in suppressing muscle protein metabolism, and establish impaired β-F1-ATPase translation as an important consequence of obesity.The article is published at http://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.016005
Calcium deficiency in the early stages after weaning is associated with the enhancement of a low level of adrenaline-stimulated lipolysis and reduction of adiponectin release in isolated rat mesenteric adipocytes
No full textDysregulation of visceral adipocytes increases the incidence of metabolic syndrome. Higher production of non-esterified fatty acid (NEFA) and changes in adipocytokine release may trigger insulin resistance. Many studies have suggested that calcium (Ca) deficiency is associated with insulin resistance; however, the mechanisms are poorly understood. We examined the effects of Ca deficiency on adrenaline-induced lipolysis and adipocytokine release in the early stages after weaning using freshly isolated adipocytes from mesenteric fat tissue of 3-week-old male Sprague-Dawley rats fed a normal-Ca (5 g/kg diet) or low Ca (1 g/kg diet) diet for 4 weeks. The release rate of NEFA in the mesenteric adipocytes after stimulation with a low level of adrenaline (0.2 μg/mL) was much higher in the Ca-deficient group than in the control group. In contrast, adiponectin release in the mesenteric fat cells was lower in Ca-deficient rats. Leptin and TNF-α secretion showed a similar tendency without significant inter-group differences, and MCP-1 release was not affected by Ca deficiency. We found that Ca deficiency reduced the average size of fat cells through a large increase in the number of cells slightly smaller than the average size, which may be associated with the changes in the properties of the mesenteric adipose tissue. Our present results suggest that a low intake of Ca in the early stages after weaning is associated with changes in the properties of mesenteric adipocytes, which may be linked to insulin resistance in the future
Prolonged monitoring of postprandial lipid metabolism after a western meal rich in linoleic acid and carbohydrates
No full textToday, increased awareness has been raised regarding high consumption of n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-6 PUFA) in western diets. A comprehensive analysis of total and individual postprandial fatty acid (FA) profiles would provide insights into metabolic turnover and related health effects. After an overnight fast, nine healthy adults consumed a mixed meal composed of 97 g carbohydrate and 45 g fat of which 26.4 g was linoleic acid (LA). Non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA), phospholipid fatty acids (PL-FA) and triacylglycerol fatty acids (TG-FA) were monitored in plasma samples, at baseline and hourly over 7 h postprandial. Total TG-FA concentration peaked at 2h postprandial followed by a constant decline. LA from TG18:2n-6 and behenic acid from TG22:0 showed the highest response among TG-FA, with a biphasic response detected for the former. PL-FA exhibited no change. Total NEFA initially decreased reaching nadir at 1h, then increased reaching its maximum value at 7h. The individual NEFA showed the same response curve except LA and some very long chain saturated fatty acids (VLCSFA, â Ľ 20 carbon chain length) that markedly increased shortly after the meal intake. The similarities and dissimilarities in lipid profiles between study subjects at different time points were visualized using non-metric multidimensional scaling (NMDS). Overall, the results indicate that postprandial levels of LA and VLCSFA either as NEFA or TG were most affected by the test meal, which might provide an explanation for the health effects of this dietary lifestyle characterized by high intake of mixed meals rich in n-6 PUFA.The accepted manuscript in pdf format is listed with the files at the bottom of this page. The presentation of the authors' names and (or) special characters in the title of the manuscript may differ slightly between what is listed on this page and what is listed in the pdf file of the accepted manuscript; that in the pdf file of the accepted manuscript is what was submitted by the author
No Effect of Acute Normobaric Hypoxia on Plasma Triglyceride Levels in Fasting Healthy Men
No full textCirculating fatty acids are a major systemic energy source in the fasting state as well as a determinant of hepatic triglyceride (TG)-rich very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) production. Upon acute hypoxia, sympathetic arousal induces adipose tissue lipolysis, resulting in an increase in circulating non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA). Animal studies suggest that TG clearance may also be strongly reduced under hypoxia, though this effect has been shown to be dependent on temperature. Whether the hypoxia-induced rise in blood fatty acid concentrations effects fasting TG levels in humans under thermoneutral conditions remains unknown. TG, NEFA and glycerol levels, were measured in fasted healthy young men (n=10) exposed for six hours to either normoxia (ambient air) or acute hypoxia (fraction of inspired oxygen (FIO2) = 0.12) in a randomized, crossover design. Participants were casually clothed and rested in front of a fan in an environmental chamber maintained at 28 째C during each trial. Under hypoxia, a significantly greater increase in NEFA occurred (condition x time interaction, p=0.049) and glycerol levels tended to be higher (condition x time, p=0.104), suggesting an increase in adipose tissue lipolysis. However, plasma TG levels did not change over time and did not differ between the normoxia and hypoxia conditions. In conclusion, acute exposure to normobaric hypoxia under thermoneutral condition in healthy men during fasting state increased lipolysis without affecting circulating TG.The accepted manuscript in pdf format is listed with the files at the bottom of this page. The presentation of the authors' names and (or) special characters in the title of the manuscript may differ slightly between what is listed on this page and what is listed in the pdf file of the accepted manuscript; that in the pdf file of the accepted manuscript is what was submitted by the author
High-fat overfeeding does not exacerbate rapid changes in forearm glucose and fatty acid balance during immobilization
No full textThis is the author accepted manuscript. The final version is available from Oxford University Press via the DOI in this recordCONTEXT: Physical inactivity and high-fat overfeeding have been shown to independently induce insulin resistance. OBJECTIVE: Establish the contribution of muscle disuse and lipid availability to the development of inactivity-induced insulin resistance. Design, setting, participants, and interventions: Twenty healthy males underwent seven days of forearm cast immobilization combined with a fully-controlled eucaloric (CON, n=10, age 23±2 yr, BMI 23.8±1.0 kg·m-2) or high-fat diet providing 50% excess energy from fat (HFD, n=10, age 23±2 yr, BMI 22.4±0.8 kg·m-2). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Prior to casting, and following 2 and 7 days of immobilization, forearm glucose uptake (FGU) and non-esterified fatty acid (NEFA) balance were assessed using the arterialized venous-deep venous (AV-V) forearm balance method following ingestion of a mixed macronutrient drink. RESULTS: Seven days of HFD increased body weight by 0.9±0.2 kg (P=0.002), but did not alter fasting, arterialized whole-blood glucose and serum insulin concentrations or the associated HOMA-IR or Matsuda indices. Two and seven days of forearm immobilization led to a 40±7% and 52±7% decrease in FGU, respectively (P<0.001), with no difference between day 2 and 7 and no effect of HFD. Forearm NEFA balance tended to increase following two and seven days of immobilization (P=0.095). CONCLUSIONS: forearm immobilization leads to a rapid and substantial decrease in FGU, which is accompanied by an increase in forearm NEFA balance but is not exacerbated by excess dietary fat intake. Altogether, our data suggest that disuse-induced insulin resistance of glucose metabolism is occurs as a physiological adaptation in response to the removal of muscle contraction.Physiological Societ
Liuwei Dihuang lowers body weight and improves insulin and leptin sensitivity in obese rats
No full textThe present study was aimed at investigating the efficacy and mechanism(s) of action of a Chinese herbal formulation, Liuwei Dihuang (LWDH), as a prospective natural weight-lowering product. Following a 2-week acclimation period, 48 obesity-prone (OP-CD) rats were divided into 4 groups (n = 12 each). One group served as a positive control for obesity (OP), while the other 3 were challenged twice daily by oral gavage with total daily dosages of 500, 1500, or 3500 mg/kg BW LWDH, respectively, for 10 weeks. One group (n = 12) of obesity-resistant (OR-CD) rats served as the normal control group. All rats were fed the same AIN-93G dietmodified to contain 60% energy from fat. The highest LWDH dose significantly reduced body weight during the last 4 weeks of treatment. Food intake was reduced beginning in week 2. The high LWDH dose lowered serum triglyceride (TG) and nonesterified fatty acid (NEFA) levels and body fat. Both the high and medium doses also lowered serum leptin and insulin levels. Liver function testing revealed no adverse side effects under the current experimental conditions. The results of the present study suggest that LWDH has potential as a preventive or therapeutic natural product against overweight and obesity.Peer reviewed: YesNRC publication: Ye
Effects of grazing adaptation on intake, ruminal fermentation, blood metabolites, and body weight change in dairy cows after turning out to pasture in early spring
No full textThis study investigated the effect of adaptation to grazing in early spring on herbage intake, ruminal fermentation parameters, blood metabolite concentrations, and body weight change in dairy cows. The experiment was conducted on eight rumen-cannulated non-lactating cows in the early spring period. Four cows were adapted to grazing by stocking for 4 hr for 1 week (ADP group). The other cows were kept in a barn during the period (CON group). Then, both groups of cows were stocked together throughout a day on a 1 ha pasture for 3 weeks (experimental period). In the first week of the experimental period, compared to the CON group, the ADP group had a higher herbage intake, ruminal NH3-N and total VFA concentration, and blood urea concentration, but the NEFA concentration was lower in the ADP group (p < .01). During the subsequent weeks, there were little differences in ruminal fermentation parameters and blood metabolites. Cows in the ADP group maintained their body weight, but cows in the CON group lost 60 kg of body weight in the first week of the experimental period
Historical perspectives on the impact of n-3 and n-6 nutrients on health
No full textAbstractCurrent public advice from the Food and Nutrition Board (FNB) about essential fatty acids (EFA) has limited quantitative details about three processes: (1) similar dynamics for n-3 linolenic and n-6 linoleic polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) in maintaining 20- and 22-carbon n-3 and n-6 highly unsaturated fatty acids (HUFA) in tissues; (2) different dynamics for tissue n-3 and n-6 HUFA during formation and action of hormone-like eicosanoids; (3) simultaneous formation of non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA) and low density lipoprotein (LDL) from very low density lipoprotein (VLDL) formed from excess food energy and secreted by the liver.This report reviews evidence that public health may benefit from advice to eat less n-6 nutrients, more n-3 nutrients and fewer calories per meal. Explicit data for linoleic acid fit an Estimated Average Requirement (EAR) near 0.1 percent of daily food energy (en%) meeting needs of half the individuals in a group, a Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA) near 0.5 en% meeting needs of 97–98 percent of individuals, and a Tolerable Upper Intake Level (UL) near 2 en% having no likely risk of adverse health effects. Quantitative tools help design and monitor explicit interventions that could beneficially replace imprecise advice on “healthy foods” with explicit preventive nutrition
