2 research outputs found
Exenatide pharmacokinetics in healthy Chinese subjects
No full textObjectives: Exenatide is an adjunctive treatment for Type 2 diabetes. This was the first study to evaluate the pharmacokinetics, safety and tolerability of therapeutic doses (5 mu g and 10 mu g) of exenatide after single and multiple subcutaneous injections in healthy adult Chinese subjects. Methods: 24 healthy volunteers were randomized to receive either 5 mu g or 10 mu g of exenatide by subcutaneous injection. Subjects received a single injection of exenatide on Day 1, twice daily on Days 2 and 3, and once on Day 4. Serial blood samples were drawn for pharmacokinetic assessment at pre-dose and up to 12 h post dose on Day 1 and Day 4. Adverse events, vital signs. 12-lead ECG, body weight and clinical laboratory evaluations were assessed. Results: Exenatide, 5 mu g and 10 mu g, was rapidly absorbed with a median t(max) of 1 h after single and multiple doses. Exenatide C-max and AUC(t,ss) were (geometric mean (90% CI)) 145 (119 - 176) pg/ml and 370 (297 - 460) pg x h/ml, respectively, after multiple dosing with 5 mu g. The C-max and AUC(t,ss) were 311 (271 - 357) pg/ml and 878 (785 - 983) pg x h/ml, respectively, for 10 mu g. Mean half-life (t(1/2), range 0.99 - 1.25 h), apparent volume of distribution (V-7/F, 19.2 - 22.31), and apparent clearance (CL/F, range 11.4 - 13.5 l/h) remained consistent between single and multiple doses and across the two dose levels. Both the accumulation ratios and linearity index approached 1.0. The most common adverse events increased with dose, such that 8% of subjects who received 5 mu g and 42% of subjects who received 10 mu g experienced adverse events. Conclusions: Exenatide was rapidly absorbed, with similiar pharmacokinetic properties following single and multiple doses. Exenatide exposure after multiple doses approximately doubled from 5 mu g to 10 mu g.Pharmacology & PharmacySCI(E)PubMed6ARTICLE9459-4654
Prospects for Detecting the Diffuse Supernova Neutrino Background with JUNO
No full textWe present the detection potential for the diffuse supernova neutrino background (DSNB) at the Jiangmen Underground Neutrino Observatory (JUNO), using the inverse-beta-decay (IBD) detection channel on free protons. We employ the latest information on the DSNB flux predictions, and investigate in detail the background and its reduction for the DSNB search at JUNO. The atmospheric neutrino induced neutral current (NC) background turns out to be the most critical background, whose uncertainty is carefully evaluated from both the spread of model predictions and an envisaged \textit{in situ} measurement. We also make a careful study on the background suppression with the pulse shape discrimination (PSD) and triple coincidence (TC) cuts. With latest DSNB signal predictions, more realistic background evaluation and PSD efficiency optimization, and additional TC cut, JUNO can reach the significance of 3 for 3 years of data taking, and achieve better than 5 after 10 years for a reference DSNB model. In the pessimistic scenario of non-observation, JUNO would strongly improve the limits and exclude a significant region of the model parameter space
