275 research outputs found
Cong nü xue sheng dao wu si shi qi Tianjin nü quan yun dong xian feng: yi nü xing yan shuo yu jing yan wei zhong xin de yan jiu.
No full text李淨昉.Thesis (Ph.D.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2009.Includes bibliographical references (leaves 205-219)Electronic reproduction. Hong Kong : Chinese University of Hong Kong, [2012] System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Available via World Wide Web.Abstracts in Chinese and English.Li Jingfang
IDENTIFICATION AND SYNTHESIS OF MODULAR GLUCOSIDES, A NEW FAMILY OF SECONDARY METABOLITES FROM C. ELEGANS
No full text465 pagesSmall molecules with highly diverse structures are produced by all animals and play essential functions in nearly all facets of their biology, including development, lifespan, reproduction, as well as interactions with other species. Identification of small molecule metabolites can reveal new biosynthetic and signaling pathways, with broad implications for medicine, human nutrition, but also agriculture. While great efforts over the past few decades have led to impressive discoveries in the field of metabolomics, the vast majority of metabolites still remain unknown and uncharacterized. Given the significance of metabolites and their biological functions, the development of new approaches toward a systematic structural and functional annotation of animal metabolomes is an important goal. In this dissertation, the author explores two highly conserved metabolic pathways with demonstrated relevance for human health and identifies diverse novel metabolites using the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans, a highly tractable model animal for biomedical research. Chapters 1–2 uncover new aspects of neurotransmitter metabolism of C. elegans, with a specific focus on serotonin metabolism. We uncovered a parallel pathway for serotonin biosynthesis and identified modular glucosides as novel down-stream metabolites of serotonin in C. elegans, and further investigated their biological activities. In chapter 3, the author investigates the metabolomes of C. elegans mitochondrial mutants, which revealed distinctive metabolic signatures in long-lived mutants, suggesting that amino acid metabolism and mitochondria-related longevity are linked. In chapter 4, the author developed selective synthetic strategies that allow to access structurally diverse modular glucosides, providing authentic samples for confirmation of proposed structures studying their biological functions
Stability maintenance at the grassroots: China’s weiwen apparatus as a form of conflict resolution
No full textThis working paper explores the history and potential of “stability maintenance” (weiwen) as a form of conflict resolution in China. Its emphasis on conflict resolution is novel. Previous examinations of the weiwen apparatus have concentrated on its political function, namely to manage resistance within society and maintain the authority of the party-state. This avenue of investigation has proved fruitful as a means of characterising the political motivation and the higher-level strategies involved in stability maintenance. Nonetheless, there remain significant conceptual and empirical gaps relating to how stability maintenance offices and processes actually function, particularly out of larger cities and at local levels. The research described in this paper aims to consider the effectiveness of stability maintenance as a part of the “market” for conflict resolution in local China, and to test the hypothesis that conflict resolution as facilitated by weiwen is the most pragmatic and effective means of actually resolving conflicts in the current Chinese political context, notwithstanding the closeness of the stability maintenance discourse to state authority and its relative distance from rule of law-based methods of dispute resolution..
Tailoring the Third Dimension of Layered Double Hydroxides
No full textLayered double hydroxides (LDHs) have attracted lots of attention in the research field for their controllable composition and gallery spacing. LDHs have been used as catalysts, anion exchange materials, fire retardants and in polymer nanocomposites. Exfoliating LDHs into single layers nanosheets, can make the most use of the layers. New physical properties under nanoscale make new inventions of multifunctional materials possible. Different approaches to delaminate LDHs were reviewed in this thesis. Yet, none of the reported methods to obtain 2-D LDHs nanosheets was efficient. Herein, we report a new methodology to directly synthesize LDHs nanosheets. Mg/Al-LDHs nanosheets were synthesized in the presence of 23% formamide via a titration method. Formamide was used as an inhibitor that prevents the growth of LDHs in the Z-direction. LDHs/polymer nanocomposites have been extensively studied. Various methods to prepare LDHs nanocomposites have been developed. In situ intercalation of polyelectrolytes into LDHs has been reported. However, the exclusion of CO2 is a requirement during the process. Herein, we report a new approach to prepare LDHs/polyelectrolyte intercalation compounds via an in situ intercalation method. The LDH was synthesized in the presence of a polyelectrolyte [poly(sodium 4-styrene-sulfonate) (PSSS) or poly(acrylic acid, sodium) (PAAS)] by a urea hydrolysis method. Characterization data confirmed the successful intercalation. The intercalated polyelectrolytes turned to be more thermally stable as confirmed by the TGA data.Chemistry and Biochemistr
Da palavra à imagem: Morte e vida severina em animação
No full textO presente trabalho objetiva analisar o poema Morte e vida Severina: auto de natal pernambucano, de João Cabral de Melo Neto, e sua adaptação para o desenho animado dirigido por Afonso Serpa, com realização da Fundação Joaquim Nabuco e TV Escola. O poema, desde sua publicação, já recebeu várias adaptações: no teatro, no cinema, e para a história em quadrinhos. Esta última, produzida por Miguel Falcão, foi tomada como base para a realização da animação em estudo. Ao transpor o poema em imagens, o diretor utiliza o contraste de claro-escuro de forma criativa. Assim, elementos presentes no texto verbal, como a circularidade do percurso, a diluição da individualidade e as vozes discordantes, são traduzidos pelo uso da luz como recurso discursivo, tornando-a, dessa maneira, constituinte do texto visual, adquirindo a feição de uma verdadeira personagem
The location of lymphangiogenesis is an independent prognostic factor in rectal cancers with or without preoperative radiotherapy
No full textBackground: Lymphangiogenesis and angiogenesis are essential for tumour development and progression. The lymphatic vessel density (LVD) and blood vessel density (BVD) and their relationship to outcome have been studied extensively, however the clinical significance of the location of LVD/BVD in tumour is not known. In the present study, the location and degree of LVD/BVD and their relationship to preoperative radiotherapy (RT), clinicopathological, histopathological and biological factors were studied in rectal cancer patients participating in a Swedish clinical trial of preoperative RT. Patients and methods: The location and degree of LVD/BVD were analysed in primary tumours (n = 138/140) and in their subgroups of non-RT (n = 74) and RT (n = 64/66). Further, the degree of LVD/BVD was examined in the corresponding distant normal mucosa (n = 35/31) and adjacent normal mucosa (n = 72/91). All sections were immunohistochemically examined by using D2-40 and CD34 antibodies. Results: In the whole series of the patients, a higher LVD at the periphery was related to negative p53 expression (P = 0.03) and favourable survival independent of tumour-node-metastasis stage, differentiation and p53 expression (P = 0.03). LVD was increased in p53-negative tumours after RT (P = 0.01). Conclusion: LVD at the periphery of the tumour was an independent prognostic factor in rectal cancer patients.This is a pre-copy-editing, author-produced PDF of an article accepted for publication in Annals of Oncology following peer review. The definitive publisher-authenticated version:A Holmqvist, Jingfang Gao, Gunnar Adell, John Carstensen and Xiao-Feng Sun, The location of lymphangiogenesis is an independent prognostic factor in rectal cancers with or without preoperative radiotherapy, 2010, ANNALS OF ONCOLOGY, (21), 3, 512-517.is available at: http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/annonc/mdp486Copyright: Oxford University Presshttp://www.oxfordjournals.org
Viagem ao redor do Atlântico : uma leitura comparada de Hotel Atlântico de João Gilberto Noll e Suzana Amaral
No full textO presente trabalho pretende analisar a narrativa Hotel Atlântico (1989), de João Gilberto Noll, e sua adaptação cinematográfica (2009) realizada pela cineasta Suzana Amaral. O estudo comparativo leva em consideração a premissa de que o processo tradutório é primeiramente interpretação. Portanto, a cineasta, ao "transcriar" o texto literário por meio da linguagem visual, o que faz é leitura crítica do texto verbal, apresentando seu entendimento para o livro. É a partir desses pressupostos que serão analisados os dois textos em estudo. Na investigação, serão abordadas as escolhas feitas pela cineasta no seu processo de tradução intersemiótica, tendo a hipótese de que a diretora, ao considerar a produção literária de Noll como um todo, radicaliza os elementos presentes no texto verbal, rompendo radicalmente com as convenções da estrutura fílmica tradicional, inserindo, assim, seu texto no que Haroldo de Campos denomina como "tradução criativa". Dessa maneira, Suzana Amaral nos apresenta sua interpretação do livro através de seu Hotel Atlântico.Ce document vise à analyser le récit de l'écrivain João Gilberto Noll, Hotel Atlâtico (1989), et son adaptation cinématographique (2009) créée par la réalisatrice Suzana Amaral. L'étude comparative tient compte de l'hypothèse que le processus de traduction est, premièrement, une interprétation. Ainsi, la traduction du texte littéraire à travers le langage visuel est, en fait, une lecture critique de la réalisatrice, la quelle présente sa compréhension pour le livre. C'est à partir de ces hypothèses qu'on examinera les deux textes. Pendant l'étude, on approchera les choix faits par Amaral dans son processus de traduction intersémiotique, avec l'hypothèse que la réalisatrice situe la production littéraire de Noll dans son ensemble, en radicalisant les éléments présents dans le texte verbal. De cette manière, elle rompe radicalement avec les conventions de structure filmique traditionnelle, en situant son texte dans la conception de "traduction créative", élaborée par Haroldo de Campos. Ainsi, Suzana Amaral présente son interprétation du livre à travers sa propre création - le film Hotel Atlântico
Temporalidade e causalidade em Descartes
No full textO presente trabalho tem como objetivo examinar as considerações de Descartes sobre o tempo e o movimento, o que exige analisar a forma como a ação divina atua no mundo físico. Mostramos que as diferentes interpretações sobre o tempo precisam recorrer às diferentes formas de interpretar a intervenção divina. Mostramos também, entretanto, que as interpretações que tomam o tempo univocamente como contínuo ou descontínuo falham em oferecer considerações satisfatórias. As aparentes inconsistências do texto, no entanto, poderão ser solucionadas se distinguirmos os níveis distintos para as considerações do tempo. Assim, mostramos que, no nível metafísico, o tempo deve ser considerado descontínuo, enquanto no nível físico, contínuo. The present work aims to examine Descartes' considerations about time and motion, which requires analyzing the way in which divine action operates in the physical world. We will show that the different interpretations of time need to go through the different ways of interpreting divine intervention. We will also show, however, that interpretations that take time univocally as continuous or discontinuous fail to offer satisfactory considerations. The apparent inconsistencies of the text, however, can be resolved if we distinguish the different levels for considerations of time. Thus, we will show that, at the metaphysical level, time must be considered discontinuous, while at the physical level, continuous
Direct Synthesis of Layered Intercalation Compounds and Single Layer Nanosheets and Their Applications
No full textLayered materials have been extensively studied and have found a wide range of applications predominately in the form of intercalated layered hybrids, or as exfoliated single layer nanosheets. Previous investigations in layered materials mainly focused on the preparation of layered intercalation compounds and obtaining single layer nanosheets. The preparation of layered intercalation compounds and exfoliation to obtain single layer nanosheets typically consists of two steps, where a layered material is first synthesized and subsequently intercalated/exfoliated through different approaches. However, the two step process is time consuming and inefficient. Moreover, the desired intercalation and exfoliation may not proceed as planned. Thus, it is highly desirable to explore new methodologies for facile synthesis of layered intercalation compounds and single layer nanosheets.
This dissertation reports a novel approach to directly synthesize layered intercalation compounds and single layer nanosheets via a one-step process. Two model layered compounds: α-zirconium phosphate (α-ZrP) with negative layer charge and layered double hydroxide (LDH) with positive layer charge were selected for the one-step direct synthesis of layered intercalation compounds and single layer nanosheets, respectively. The introduction of a layer growth coordinator and inhibitor was proposed to guide or inhibit the growth of layered materials in the third dimension for the formation of layered intercalation compounds and single layer nanosheets, respectively. Our results have proved that the proposed one-step direct synthesis process to obtain layered intercalation compounds and single layer nanosheets is feasible. Detailed reaction mechanisms and the factors that influence the direct synthesis of layered intercalation compounds and single layer nanosheets were studied in detail.
Based on the aforementioned fundamental investigation, another strategy involving both a complexing agent and a layer growth coordinator was further designed to promote the growth of layered compounds in the Z direction to form hexagonal prisms.
Applications of the α-ZrP based intercalation compounds and LDH single layer nanosheets prepared through the developed methods were also studied. The Biginelli reactions catalyzed by the heterogeneous α-ZrP/BMIMCl intercalation compound were explored where the yield was maintained at 93% even after 4 times of recycle. A dip coating method was adopted to align LDH single layer nanosheets on polymer film substrates to enhance their barrier properties, where both the oxygen and water vapor barrier properties were significantly improved
A noção de imediato nos segundos analíticos de Aristóteles
No full textO presente trabalho tem como objetivo investigar a noção de imediato nos Segundos Analíticos de Aristóteles. Em I 2, Aristóteles apresenta a imediatidade como um dos requisitos para os pontos de partida da demonstração, definindo-a em termos de anterioridade, a qual introduz uma certa assimetria entre as premissas e a conclusão da demonstração. No entanto, no desenrolar do tratado, em I 13, Aristóteles parece não só desfazer a assimetria, mas ainda introduzir uma certa circularidade, que, num exame mais detalhado, mostra-se apenas aparente. Tal exame exige de nós uma investigação sobre a natureza da demonstração, que se revela como distinta da justificação. Ao longo do trabalho, mostramos que a justificação e a demonstração visam níveis distintos de conhecimento. Enquanto a primeira busca apenas o conhecimento de que algo é verdadeiro, à segunda interessa a causa que explica o porquê de algo ser o que ele é. Nesse sentido, as premissas da justificação são anteriores por fundamentar o conhecimento da verdade da conclusão, enquanto a anterioridade das premissas da demonstração se deve a sua prioridade causalexplicativa. Desse modo, a imediatidade, definida em termos de anterioridade, não deve ser tomada com sentido unívoco em contextos de justificação e demonstração. É justamente tal indistinção que causa dificuldade na leitura das passagens de I 2 e I 13. Uma vez explicitada a ambiguidade, a dificuldade se dissolve.This work aims to investigate the notion of immediacy in Aristotle's Posterior Analytics. In I 2, Aristotle presents immediacy as one of the requirements for the starting points of demonstration, defining it in terms of anteriority, which introduces a certain asymmetry between the premises and the conclusion of a demonstration. However, as the treatise unfolds, in I 13, Aristotle seems not only to undo the asymmetry, but also to introduce a certain circularity, which, on closer examination, is only apparent. Such an examination requires us to investigate the nature of demonstration, which reveals itself as distinct from justification. Throughout the work, we intend to show that justification and demonstration aim at different levels of knowledge. While the first seeks only the knowledge that something is true, the second is interested in the cause that explains why something is what it is. In this sense, the premises of justification are prior because they garantee the truth of the conclusion, while the anteriority of the premises of demonstration is due to its causal-explanatory priority. In this way, immediacy, defined in terms of anteriority, should not be taken with univocal meaning in contexts of justification and demonstration. It is precisely this blurring that causes difficulty in reading passages I 2 and I 13. Once the ambiguity is made explicit, the difficulty dissolves
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