337 research outputs found
Modified Higuchi Model Applied to Permeation Prediction of Nanocomposite Membranes
No full textAbstractIn this work, the existing Higuchi models were used for the prediction of gas permeability through the nanocomposite membranes. Predicted values were compared with experimental results of permeability for polycarbonate/silica nanocomposite membranes. Based on the critical analysis of the models predictions and its deviations, the parameter that influences the permeation behavior has been identified. The results revealed that for any particular gas, the change of empirical Higuchi parameter exhibited a direct impact on the accuracy the model. Thus, a modified parameter was incorporated on the modified Higuchi model relating to the intrinsic properties of the penetrant gas. With the new proposed Higuchi model, appreciable predictions of gas permeability through polycarbonate/silica nanocomposite membranes were achieved. The calculated absolute average relative error for CO2, N2 and CH4 gas permeability were found to be 7.18%, 6.07%, and 6.14%, respectively. Their corresponding standard deviations were obtained as 2.53, 1.53 and 0.73 Comparing the existing Higuchi models predictions, the new proposed Higuchi model has resulted to a reduction in relative errors by 6.3% for CO2, 70.66% for N2, and 65.25% for CH4
[Transfer of Lease #1 to Minoru Higuchi], Carson Estate Company, September 18, 1946
No full textLease #1 transfer between Minoru Higuchi , J. H. Masuzumi and Carson Estate Company executed on September 18, 1946
In darkness and seclusion : rhetoric of madness and problems of modernity in the works of Higuchi Ichiyō (1872-1896)
No full textThe author attempts to analyse how madness is aestheticized and poeticized in the late novellas by Higuchi Ichiyō (1872-1896). While referring to the concept of illness as a metaphor as developed by Susan Sontag and applied to the Japanese context by Karatani Kōjin, the author elaborates on the evocative and symbolic images of madness in Ichiyō’s works. The possible correspondences between the analyzed metaphors and the discourse of modernity in Meiji Japan are also considered Higuchi
Caught in between : women of the demimonde in Higuchi Ichiyō’s narratives
No full textThe article focuses on “Nigorie” (Muddy Bay, 1895) and “Takekurabe” (Comparing of Heights, 1895(1896), two stories for which Higuchi Ichiyō (1872(1896) used the demimonde as a setting. “Nigorie” is staged at Kikunoi, an unlicensed house of pleasures, “Takekurabe” – at Daionji (mae, in the vicinity of the famous Yoshiwara district. The author of the article starts with elucidating the cultural role of the red (light and its impact on Japanese literature. Then she proceeds to illustrate how Higuchi Ichiyō, while referring to the rich tradition of literary motifs and symbols, managed to use them creatively and adjust them to the circumstances of early(modern Japan. The author uses the examples of kaimami (erotic gazing), shinjū (double suicide) and shusse (social promotion) and juxtaposes their traditional meaning with their significance in the context of Ichiyō’s stories. The debate regarding Ichiyō’s approach to her literary and cultural heritage is followed by the close(reading of the two texts. The first goal here is to reconstruct Kikunoi and Daionji(mae as presented in Ichiyō’s works. A comparative method enables the author to highlight the similarities (use of deception, commercialisation, reification) and differences (juxtaposition of prestige and coarseness). Finally, Oriki and Midori, the protagonists of the stories, are considered. The author distinguishes juxtaposition and symbolic use of images as two main methods of rendering the psychology of Ichiyō’s heroines. Their psychological complexities, aggravated by the special status of the pleasure quarters, may be interpreted in the framework of the “caught in between” metaphor
Ombro a ombro: an annotated translation of Takekurabe (1896) by Higuchi Ichiyô (1872-1896)
No full textEste trabalho tem como objetivo oferecer uma tradução comentada da obra Takekurabe, de Higuchi Ichiyô, traduzida aqui para o português como Ombro a ombro. Higuchi Ichiyô atingiu considerável prestígio literário durante sua curta vida na era Meiji, tendo Takekurabe recebido críticas positivas de escritores da época como Mori Ôgai e Kôda Rohan, e sendo considerada a sua obra-prima por estudiosos como Katô Shûichi e Donald Keene. Para solidificar o contexto da obra explorada aqui, optamos por uma abordagem de aproximação da autora primeiramente por meio da apresentação da era Meiji com seus aspectos sociais e literários, para em seguida situarmos Higuchi Ichiyô e sua obra neste cenário. Além disso, apresentamos também as bases teóricas dos estudos de tradução, mencionando Lawrence Venuti e Sabine Gorovitz, sobre as quais realizamos o nosso trabalho. Antes de apresentar a tradução, oferecemos uma breve explicação de Yoshiwara, famoso distrito de prazeres de Edo/Tóquio que remonta à sua história desde o período Edo e elemento de extrema importância para a compreensão de Takekurabe. Por fim, juntamente com a tradução, escrevemos comentários, tanto no corpo do texto como em formato de notas de rodapé, para detalhar aspectos culturais, oferecer possíveis interpretações para Takekurabe e abordar questões tradutóriasThis work aims to provide an annotated translation of Higuchi Ichiyôs Takekurabe, here translated into Portuguese as Ombro a ombro [Shoulder to shoulder]. Higuchi Ichiyô achieved considerable literary prestige during her short life in the Meiji era, with Takekurabe receiving positive reviews from writers of the time such as Mori Ôgai and Kôda Rohan, and being considered her masterpiece by scholars such as Katô Shûichi and Donald Keene. In order to solidify the context of Takekurabe, we have chosen to approach the author first by presenting the Meiji era with its social and literary aspects, and then situate Higuchi Ichiyô and her work within the respective timeline. Furthermore, we also present the theoretical foundations of translation studies, mentioning Lawrence Venuti and Sabine Gorovitz, on whom we have based our work. Before presenting the translation, we provide a brief explanation of Yoshiwara, a famous red-light district in Edo/Tokyo that traces its history back to the Edo period and an extremely important element for understanding Takekurabe. Finally, along with the translation, we have written annotations, both in the text body and in footnotes, to detail cultural aspects, offer possible interpretations for Takekurabe and address translation issue
Higuchi Fractal Dimension Analysis of EEG Signal Before and After OM Chanting to Observe Overall Effect on Brain
No full textThe OM chanting is one type of the meditation. In the present paper, the author tried to observe its effect on the brain. To obtain insight of the brain, the author recorded EEG signal before and after OM chanting for 10 subjects. Author used a technique of the complexity measure based on fractal analysis to compare the EEG signal before and after OM chanting. Time domain fractal dimension was calculated using Higuchi algorithm. (HFD).Paper present the results based on average HFD all over the electrodes for each subject before and after OM chanting.DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijece.v4i4.580
Contact-free handling using actively controlled electrostatic levitating fields
No full textIn general electric field forces have the distinctive property of being able to mediate forces to virtually any material in a fully non-invasive and contact-free fashion. Based on this property, electrostatic levitation holds great promise for the semiconductor, solar panel, and flat-panel display industry since the handling of (semi)conducting and dielectric materials in a contact-free manner can bring many advantages and solve long-standing contamination and particulate control problems. These problems arise from the direct mechanical contact through which dielectric and semiconductor materials are commonly handled by process equipment in these industrial areas. Direct mechanical contact can cause chemical and particulate contamination of the handled material. Furthermore, it can result in electrostatic charging through tribo-electric effects, which raises the electrostatic potential of the handled material causing air-borne particles to be attracted to it. Ultimately, chemical and particulate contamination can critically affect performance, reliability, and product yield of the manufactured devices. Electrostatic levitation offers the inherent capability to avoid these contamination problems. In addition to enhancing contamination control, electrostatic levitation can provide uniformly distributed suspension forces. This is an advantage in the handling of very large and thin glass substrates used in the manufacture of flat panel displays as it leads to minimal mechanical deformation of the substrates. This thesis presents a comprehensive and in-depth study on the use of electrostatic fields for the contact-free suspension of (semi)conducting and dielectric materials. The electrostatic levitation devices that have been developed are specifically geared toward novel applications in the semiconductor and flat-panel display industry. Closed-loop feedback control is necessary to stabilize the position and attitude of the levitated object. In order to stably levitate an object, only three degrees of freedom are required to be actively controlled, i.e. the vertical motion and the angular motions represented by the pitch and roll angles. The lateral and longitudinal movements are passively stabilized by restrictive forces originating from the fringing fields existing between the outer edges of the stator electrodes and the suspended object. A generic voltage-controlled electrostatic levitator for the contact-free suspension of conducting disks or panels was developed first. Its main building blocks consist of a feedback controller, high-voltage dc amplifiers, displacement sensors, and a stator electrode structure. Simple guidelines based on the assumption of uniform electric fields are established for the design of suitable stator electrode patterns and applied voltage distributions, which guarantee electric potentials on disks/panels close to zero volts. Squeeze film air damping plays a major role since it may impact the dynamic behavior of the levitator significantly. The reason for this lies in the fact that the forces arising from squeeze film damping can approach values that are of the same order of magnitude as the electrostatic suspension forces. We also investigated both theoretically and experimentally the restrictive lateral forces produced by the fringing fields. These forces are weaker than the levitation forces. In line with the theoretical model, the measurements show that the lateral force can be increased by applying higher stator voltage magnitudes or by decreasing the air gap separation. Based on these observations, the stator design was improved by adding a ring of peripheral sector electrodes having the primary function of generating the fringing fields. Levitation experiments have been conducted in an atmospheric environment, demonstrating the successful suspension of a 4-inch silicon wafer, having a mass of 9.4 g, at a nominal gap separation of 300 µm utilizing centralized PID feedback control. At constant ring electrode voltages of ±1.2 kV, a lateral stiffness value of 0.84 N/m was produced by the improved stator produced, which corresponds to an increase of a factor of 5.5 relative to the conventional stator. A major and growing industrial area of potential application of electrostatic levitation constitutes liquid crystal display (LCD) manufacturing. Glass substrates are basic and essential components in LCDs. They belong to the class of lossy dielectrics. Their charge relaxation times may complicate the task of levitating them stably. A stator electrode suitable for the levitation of lossy dielectrics consists of a regular planar array of parallel bar electrodes to which voltages of differing polarities are alternatingly applied. We develop a general analytical model of the levitation field and force on a lossy dielectric plate produced by this stator electrode. This model takes into account the influence of the atmospheric humidity on the electrostatic charging dynamics. The levitation force dynamics are studied by evaluating the transient response of the field under a step in the applied voltages. In this context, the rate of electric charge build up on the plate is characterized by the suspension initiation time (TSI), which is defined as the time elapsed between applying step voltages to the stator electrodes and start of lift-off of the dielectric plate from its initial position. TSI is theoretically predicted for 0.7 mm thick soda-lime glass substrates, typically used in the manufacturing of liquid crystal displays (LCDs), as a function of electrode geometry, air gap separation, ambient humidity, and step voltage magnitudes. The predicted results are shown to be in good agreement with previously published experimental data. Position measurement based on capacitive sensing technology has been investigated as well since it can lead to an improved level of levitator cleanliness. This stems from the fact that the sensing electrodes can be integrated into the stator electrodes rendering compact, planar structures. A charge-discharge capacitive displacement sensor with improved stray capacitance immunization capabilities was developed. In addition a simple and cost-effective capacitive sensor using the oscillation principle was designed and realized. Both sensors have been calibrated for different target materials, i.e. silicon, aluminum, and soda-lime and quartz glass. Measurements demonstrate a good linear behavior for both sensors. The final part of this thesis deals with cost-effective and compact electrostatic levitator designs. These designs are characterized by small footprints to ensure cleanliness and scalable to many degrees of freedom multi-electrode levitators without incurring excessive and prohibitive economic costs. The first designed levitator is driven by a relay based switching controller. Its key properties are that it is devoid of high-voltage dc amplifiers and a maximum number of only two high-voltage power supplies, capable of delivering constant dc voltages, are required. This number is entirely independent of the number of individually controlled stator electrodes. The inherent switching nature of the system imposes limit cycle oscillations on the levitated object. It is due to the squeeze-film air damping that these oscillations can be significantly suppressed, in particular at small gap separations down to 100 µm or lower. Successful levitation has been achieved for 4-inch silicon wafers, 100×100 mm quartz glass substrates, and a highly flexible aluminum sheet measuring 280×280 mm, respectively. Experiments with the silicon wafer and glass substrates at reference air gap separations down to 100 µm or lower demonstrate limit cycle amplitudes below 1 µm. The second levitator is based on hysteresis control and represents a fundamental improvement on the first levitator in that it enables incorporating active damping in the system through derivative control. This fact opens up the possibility of operating the levitator in vacuum without degradation in performance as demonstrated by simulations. Overall, the proposed levitator retains largely the advantages of the relay control driven levitator. A 4-inch silicon wafer was levitated successfully at a reference gap separation of 200 µm exhibiting a good transient and steady-state suspension performance. The measured switching period was 1.5 ms and the amplitude of the voltage ripple was 10 V. The stability of the limit cycles in both levitators has been analyzed using the describing function method and Filippov’s theory. The first method follows an approximate approach while the second method offers a more precise avenue of tackling the stability analysis coupled with the key capability of analyzing multi-DOF systems.Precision and Microsystems EngineeringMechanical, Maritime and Materials Engineerin
Considerations about the work Nigorie (Troubled Creek) and the writer Higuchi Ichiyô (1872-1896)
No full textEsta dissertação intenta investigar como a condição de vida da escritora Higuchi Ichiyô vai modificando o seu pensamento literário levando-a à criação do universo da obra Nigorie (Enseada de águas turvas) tentando desvendar seus ideais sociais. A partir de sua visão perspicaz sobre as condições sociais do país, Ichiyô foi a primeira escritora da época a expressar de forma tão direta a tristeza das mulheres abandonadas por uma sociedade desumana. Considerando a importância da vivência pessoal de Ichiyô, um estudo sobre sua vida faz-se necessário para compreender a trajetória percorrida pela autora até a obra em questão. Ichiyô viveu nos arredores dos bairros de prostituição e manteve contato direto com o mundo das meretrizes, e essas experiências serviram-se de subsídios para a sua criação literária. Nigorie descreve a limitada e infeliz vida das mulheres socialmente degradadas que trabalham em um bairro de prostituição clandestina e os homens que o freqüentam. Sente-se em Nigorie um desejo velado de Ichiyô em denunciar ao mundo essa triste realidade e protestar contra a pobreza e o sistema social japonês de sua época.This dissertation intends to investigate how the condition of life of writer Higuchi Ichiyô starts to modify her literary thought leading her to the creation of the universe of her work Nigorie (Troubled Creek) attempting to reveal her social ideals. From her talented vision on the social conditions of the country, Ichiyô was the first writer of her time to express in such a direct way the sadness of the women abandoned by an inhuman society. Considering the importance of the personal experience of Ichiyô a study upon her life becomes necessary to understand the trajectory the author went through as far as her work inherently. Ichiyô used to live in the outskirts of the prostitution quarters, keeping in touch with the world of prostitutes. These experiences turned into subsidies for her literary creation. Nigorie describes the limited and unhappy life of socially degraded women who work in a quarter of clandestine prostitution as well as the men who frequent it. It is felt in Nigorie a hidden desire of Ichiyô in denouncing this sad reality to the world, and besides, her intention to protest against the poverty and the Japanese social system of her time
Spatial clustering method for geographic data
No full textIn the process of visualizing quantitative spatial data, it is necessary to
classify attribute values into some class divisions. In a previous paper, the author
proposed a classification method for minimizing the loss of information contained in
original data. This method can be considered as a kind of smoothing method that
neglects the characteristics of spatial distribution. In order to understand the
spatial structure of data, it is also necessary to construct another smoothing method
considering the characteristics of the distribution of the spatial data. In this paper,
a spatial clustering method based on Akaike’s Information Criterion is proposed.
Furthermore, numerical examples of its application are shown using actual spatial
data for the Tokyo Metropolitan area
The development of feminine awareness in the works of Ichiy? Higuchi
No full text本論文旨在探討日本第一位女性職業作家樋口一葉，其作品當中女性意識的變化。透過分析一葉不同時期作品當中的人物，特別是女性角色，試圖證明樋口一葉並非留有前近代：日本江戶時代遺風的作家，其作品中或已存在具有近代性、獨立思考行為的女性。
第一章為前言，簡單介紹樋口一葉之生平、本論文之問題意識、研究方法與目標、以及相關研究史與現狀。第二章起至第八章，筆者選定樋口一葉的七篇小說，以出版時間順排列，依序分析作品人物。第一篇作品是一葉的處女作「闇櫻」。第二到第六篇小說則是由一葉的創作高峰期「奇蹟的十四個月」當中精選而出，其中包含樋口一葉膾炙人口的代表作「比高」，以及多次改編成電影與舞台劇的小說「十三夜」和「除夕」等等。第七篇小說「破殼」則是一葉生前最後問世的小說。本論文雖然以一葉作品當中「女性意識」為主題，但也將作中男性人物的行為列入分析的對象，以求客觀並能凸顯女性角色所面對的困難，使其意識變化的軌跡更為明確。因此各章在進行論述時大致分為「男性觀點」與「女性觀點」兩部分，並非僅僅聚焦於女性角色上。同時本論文也分析各作品中的女性角色，是否能突破傳統「家」的束縛，來證明其獨立自主意識的有無。
分析樋口一葉的七部作品之後，本論文的結論是：若將是否具有獨立思考與行為能力作為近代女性的標準，很遺憾一葉作品當中並不具有這樣的女性角色。然而，從第一篇作品的女主角：一位耽溺於戀愛幻想的少女出發，一葉創作高峰期作品中的女性開始發現傳統父權社會對自身的壓迫，並從妥協逐漸轉向逃離與對抗。「破殼」當中逃離家庭的女主角，雖然難以判定其動機是出於自我覺醒或僅為慾望，但已顯露一絲曙光。終章當中還簡單討論一葉未完成小說「 媯窗v，其女主角更具獨立自主的態勢。因此雖然作品中並無出現明確獨立自主的近代女性意識，但是樋口一葉已跳脫前近代的束縛，為後起女性解放運動譜出前奏。This research explores the development of feminine awareness in the works of Ichiyō Higuchi, the first female professional writer in Japan, through the analysis of the characters in her stories written in different phases of her life. Focus is placed upon women in an attempt to demonstrate that Ichiyō Higuchi does not follow pre-modern (the Edo Period) traditions but creates females of modernity and independent thinking.
The first chapter of the research presents the primary issues of this research as well as its purposes and methods in addition to a brief biography of Ichiyō Higuchi, literature review and the current consensus on the issues. Chapter Two to Chapter Eight are discussions of the seven works along with the characters of Ichiyō Higuchi, in the order of publication dates, among which are Yamizakura, her debut, and five stories written in the summit of her writing career (the so-called “miraculous fourteen months”), including Takekurabe (“Child’s Play”), her major success, Jūsan''ya (“The Thirteenth Nights”)and Ōtsugomori (“The New Year’s Eve”), which have been adapted into theaters and screenplays. Warekara, while being the last piece discussed in the research, is also the last piece of Higuchi’s published work before she passed away. Feminine awareness being its central issue, the research covers males for the purpose of objectivity and highlight on the difficulties women live in, which underline the evolution of the awareness. Thus, in each of the seven chapters the discourse are divided into male perspective and female perspective rather than limited in one single dimension. Furthermore, the research looks into if the females in each story find a breakthrough from the conventional idea of “family” and obtain “individuality”.
The conclusion of the research is two-fold. Modern female, if defined by the presence of independent thinking and behavioral competence, does not exist in Higuchi’s works. However, starting from a damsel who is trapped within her romantic fantasies and as Higuchi’s female image evolves, females in her major works realize the oppression bestowed upon them by the chauvinistic society and respond no longer with compromise but escape or resistance. The motive for the protagonist in Warekara to run away from her family cannot be easily labeled as self-awareness or mere lust; nonetheless, such action is one step closer to individuality. In the final chapter of the dissertation, Uramurasaki, an unfinished work of Higuchi’s, is concisely reviewed for its even more independent main character. All in all, in spite of the absence of explicit modern female awareness in her works, the author of the research considers Higuchi unbound of the pre-modern mindsets and a vanguard of the budding movement of female liberation
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