1,721,475 research outputs found
‘Can I trust you?’ A study of the psychological factors influencing school children’s decision to trust and peer’s perception of their trustworthiness
No full text**Author Notes
This manuscript has been submitted for publication and is likely to be edited as part of the peer-review process. Correspondence regarding this paper should be addressed to Keri Ka-Yee Wong, [email protected].**
How children’s trust beliefs in others and how peers determine children’s levels of trustworthiness is the bedrock of all relationships. Yet very little prior research exists on understanding the nature of this relationship and even fewer studies compare across cultures to understand the specificity of potential interventions. This study addressed these gaps by conducting a set of serial mediation models to test the hypothesized causal flow from social mistrust and its subscales (home, school, general mistrust) to anxiety to aggression and to peer-rated untrustworthiness in 2,464 school children aged 8-14 years from the UK (N = 994; M = 11.38 years, female = 45.6%) and Hong Kong (N = 1,470, M = 11.46 years, female = 47.1%). Increased levels of self-reported social mistrust (and its associated subscales) were found to be independently associated with increased untrustworthiness in both countries. Children with high levels of social mistrust, particularly school mistrust, were more likely to have high levels of anxiety and aggressive behaviors concurrently, which in turn was associated with higher levels of peer-rated untrustworthiness. This explanatory model suggests that future longitudinal intervention studies that aim to reduce aggressive responses from suspicious children may improve peer’s perception of untrustworthiness and childhood relationships with others
Nutrition, Sleep, and Exercise as Healthy Behaviors in Schizotypy: A Scoping Review
No full text**This paper is not published in open access peer-reviewed journal Behavioral sciences and can be found here: https://www.mdpi.com/2076-328X/12/11/412**
This scoping review identifies the role of nutrition, sleep, and exercise as healthy behaviors in non-clinical individuals with schizotypy throughout the lifespan. Methods: We systematically reviewed the existing literature on these topics through databases including: PsycINFO, Scopus, APA PsycNet, ScienceDirect, Wiley Online Library and SpringerLink. Results: Of the 42 studies found, a total of 23 studies met the inclusion criteria on the review topic. Included studies reflect varying study designs (cross-sectional, multiple time-point, intervention, randomized-placebo controlled trials), assessment of schizotypy and associated healthy behaviors, focus on various samples and lifespan (e.g., undergraduates, adolescents, at-risk individuals), and stem from different countries. Conclusion: While a moderate number of studies address the role of nutrition, sleep, and physical exercise in relation to schizotypy, studies intersecting these topics are limited. Of the limited studies that do exist, the majority are correlational with the beginnings of causal support from intervention studies. As such, future research should focus on providing a more holistic understanding of what healthy behaviors precede and may protect from the development of schizotypal traits and its subtypes, and which behaviors might reduce levels of schizotypy.
Author notes: This manuscript has been submitted for publication and is likely to be edited as part of the peer review process. Correspondence regarding this paper should be addressed to Keri Ka-Yee Wong [email protected]
Nutrition, Sleep, and Exercise as Healthy Behaviors in Schizotypy: A Scoping Review
No full text***Author Notes
This manuscript has been submitted for publication and is likely to be edited as part of the peer review process. Correspondence regarding this paper should be addressed to Keri Ka-Yee Wong, [email protected].***
Abstract
This scoping review identifies the role of nutrition, sleep, and exercise as healthy behaviors in non-clinical individuals with schizotypy throughout the lifespan. Methods: We systematically reviewed the existing literature on these topics through databases including: PsycINFO, Scopus, APA PsycNet, ScienceDirect, Wiley Online Library and SpringerLink. Results: Of the 59 studies found, a total of 29 studies met the inclusion criteria on the review topic. Included studies reflect varying study designs (cross-sectional, multiple time-point, intervention, randomized-placebo controlled trials), assessment of schizotypy and associated healthy behaviors, focus on various samples and lifespan (e.g., undergraduates, adolescents, at-risk individuals), and stem from different countries. Conclusion: While a moderate number of studies address the role of nutrition, sleep, and physical exercise in relation to schizotypy, studies intersecting these topics are limited. Of the limited studies that do exist, the majority are correlational with the beginnings of causal support from intervention studies. As such, more research is needed on the topics of nutrition, sleep, and exercise in relation to schizotypy. Specifically, future research should focus on providing a more holistic understanding of what healthy behaviors precede and may protect an individual from the development of schizotypal traits and its subtypes, and which specific or combination of behaviors may reduce levels of schizotypy.
Keywords: Schizotypy; Nutrition; Sleep; Exercise; Behaviors; Lifespan; Review
Supplementary_document1 – Supplemental material for Medication-rights detection using incident reports: A natural language processing and deep neural network approach
No full textSupplemental material, Supplementary_document1 for Medication-rights detection using incident reports: A natural language processing and deep neural network approach by Zoie Shui-Yee Wong, HY So, Belinda SC Kwok, Mavis WS Lai and David TF Sun in Health Informatics Journal</p
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Internalizing and externalizing problems across childhood and psychotic-like experiences in adulthood: The role of developmental period
No full textAuthor Notes
***8 April 2021: This paper is now open access and published in the journal of Schizophrenia Research: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0920996421001365#f0005.*** This manuscript has been submitted for publication and is likely to be edited as part of the peer-review process. Correspondence regarding this paper should be addressed to Keri Ka-Yee Wong, [email protected].
Abstract
Background Psychopathology in childhood and adolescence, commonly indexed by co-occurring internalizing and externalizing problem behaviors, has been found to predict psychotic-like experiences (PLEs) in adults. However, studies to date have rarely examined internalizing and externalizing problem behaviors simultaneously or identified in which developmental period do these problem behaviors predict PLEs in adults. This study tests to what extent internalizing and externalizing problem behaviors in childhood (4–9 years) or adolescence (11–16 years) predict PLEs in adulthood (18 years).
Methods Parent-rated child internalizing and externalizing problems on the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire at ages 4, 6, 8, 9, 11, 13, and 16 years from the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (N=4717) were modelled using two-piece latent growth curve modelling to predict clinician-rated PLEs at age 18 years, controlling for confounders (gender, ethnicity, socio-economic status, parental education and stressful life events) assessed prior to baseline at age 4 years.
Results Controlling for confounders, an increase in childhood internalizing problems from 4 to 9 years and externalizing problems at baseline (at 4 years) predicted PLEs at 18 years, explaining 9.5% of the variance in adult PLEs. These associations were independent to controls for any changes in adolescent internalizing and externalizing problems from 11 to 16 years.
Conclusions High baseline levels of externalizing problems and increasing internalizing problems throughout childhood can predict PLEs at 18 years. Externalizing problems around the transition to primary school and internalizing problems throughout childhood may be particularly helpful in informing risk of PLEs in adulthood.
Keywords: ALSPAC; psychotic-like experiences; internalizing; externalizing; developmental; childhood
Child Externalizing and Internalizing Behavior and Parental Well-Being During the COVID-19 Pandemic
No full textAuthor Notes
**This manuscript is now published in open access UCL Open Environment: https://ucl.scienceopen.com/hosted-document?doi=10.14324/111.444/ucloe.000040**.
**This manuscript has been submitted for publication and is likely to be edited as part of the peer-review process. Correspondence regarding this paper should be addressed to Keri Ka-Yee Wong, [email protected].**
Abstract
In this study we surveyed families’ experiences with parental depression, stress, relationship conflict, and child behavioral issues during six months of the COVID-19 pandemic through the COVID-19: Global Social Trust and Mental Health Study. The current analyses used data collected from online surveys completed by adults in 66 countries from April 17, 2020-July 14, 2020 (Wave I), followed by surveys six months later at Wave II (October 17, 2020-January 31, 2021). Analyses were limited to 175 adult parents who reported living with at least one child under 18 years old at Wave I. Parents reported on children’s level of externalizing and internalizing behavior at Wave I. At Wave II, parents completed self-reported measures of stress, depression, and inter-partner conflict. Child externalizing behavior at Wave I significantly predicted higher levels of parental stress and marginally predicted parental depression at Wave II, controlling for covariates. Child internalizing behavior at Wave I did not predict parental stress or depression, controlling for covariates. Neither child externalizing nor internalizing behavior predicted parental relationship conflict. The overall findings demonstrate that child behavior likely influenced parental stress and depression during the COVID-19 pandemic. Findings suggest that mental health interventions for children and parents may improve the family system during times of disaster
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