Bulletin of NTU "KhPI". Series: Problems of Electrical Machines and Apparatus Perfection. The Theory and Practice / Вісник Національного технічного університету "ХПІ". Серія: Проблеми удосконалювання електричних машин і апаратів. Теорія і практика
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The Solar System: Nature and mechanics
No full textThe Solar System is analysed in the framework of the Complete Relativity theory (by the same author). While the main focus is on the Solar System, hypotheses are presented (and tested) on the origin and evolution of planetary systems in general, but also on the evolution of galaxies and the whole observable universe.
Overall, the analysis confirms the postulates and hypotheses of the main theory with a significant degree of confidence. Some major conclusions are:
- scale invariance of physical laws is relative (i.e., discrete vertical energy levels exist, which - with the universal running of force couplings - effectively represent universes of different scale),
- Solar System is a large scale (inflated, in some interpretations) quantum system (carbon/beryllium isotope equivalent) with a nucleus in a partially condensed state and components localized in various horizontally and vertically excited states,
- life is everywhere (e.g., Earth is a particle, but also a living being), although the presence of highly intelligent extroverted forms on the surfaces of celestial bodies is generally very limited in time,
- anthropogenic trigger of climate change is probably only a part of a scheduled major mass extinction event (although humanity definitely has a role, the sense of control is an illusion),
- major extinction events on a surface of a planet are relative extinctions, may be a regular part of transformation and migration of life (not necessarily complex living individuals) below the surface in the process of a planetary equivalent of standard embryonic neurogenesis or its protoform
Curriculum management and graduate programmes’ viability: The mediation of institutional effectiveness using PLS-SEM approach
No full textThis study used a partial least squares structural equation modelling (PLS-SEM) to estimate curriculum management's direct and indirect effects on university graduate programmes' viability. The study also examined the role of institutional effectiveness in mediating the nexus between the predictor and response variables. This is a correlational study with a factorial research design. The study's participants comprised 149 higher education administrators (23 Faculty Deans and 126 HODs) from two public universities in Nigeria. A structured questionnaire designed by the researchers was used for data collection. The questionnaire was duly validated with an acceptable scale and item content validity indices. The dimensionality of the instrument was determined using exploratory factor analysis (EFA). Convergent validity was based on Average Variance Extracted (AVE), whereas discriminant validity was based on Fornell-Lacker criteria and the Hetero-Trait Mono-Trait (HTMT) ratio. Acceptable composite reliability estimates of internal consistency were reached for the three sub-scales. Following ethical practices, the questionnaire was physically administered to respondents and retrieved afterwards. Smart PLS (version 3.2.9) and SPSS (version 26.0) programs were used for all the statistical analyses. This study uncovered significant direct and direct effects of curriculum management on the viability of graduate programmes. Institutional effectiveness significantly impacted graduate programmes’ viability while mediating the nexus between curriculum management and graduate programmes’ viability. Curriculum management and institutional effectiveness jointly explained a significant proportion of graduate programmes’ viability variance. The result of this study proved that graduate programmes’ viability depends, to a great extent, on how much curriculum is managed and how effective institutions are with their services. The result of this study can enable institutions seeking to run viable graduate programmes to re-evaluate their curriculum management practices and the effectiveness of their services
Assumptions, Disagreement, and Overprecision: Theory and Evidence
No full textConstructing beliefs about the world usually requires simplifying assumptions. We analyze the beliefs of agents who make reasonable assumptions to model a complex situation and who make predictions conditional on those assumptions. Our theory identifies tight connections between model uncertainty (the extent to which different models lead to different predictions), overprecision (too-small variance estimates), and interpersonal disagreement (variance in mean predictions). We test these predictions in an experiment in which participants view a scatterplot and report mean and variance estimates for out-of-sample predictions. Consistent with our theory, different people focus on different plausible models but provide reasonable estimates of uncertainty conditional on their model. As a result, model uncertainty increases both overprecision and disagreement. Outside of the lab, we find similar evidence in the Survey of Professional Forecasters, including that overprecision positively covaries with disagreement
Functional Specificity and Neural Integration in the Aesthetic Appreciation of Artworks with Implied Motion
No full textAlthough there is growing interest in the neural foundations of aesthetic experience, it remains unclear how particular mental sub-systems (e.g., perceptual, affective, cognitive) are involved in different types of aesthetic judgments. Here we use fMRI to investigate the involvement of different neural networks during aesthetic judgments of visual artworks with implied motion cues. First, a behavioural experiment (N=45) confirmed a preference for paintings with implied motion over static cues. Subsequently, in a pre-registered fMRI experiment (N=27), participants made aesthetic and motion judgments towards paintings representing human bodies in dynamic and static postures. Using functional region-of-interest and Bayesian multilevel modelling approaches, we provide no compelling evidence for unique sensitivity within or between neural systems associated with body perception, motion and affective processing during the aesthetic evaluation of paintings with implied motion. However, we show suggestive evidence that motion and body-selective systems may integrate signals via functional connections with a separate neural network in dorsal parietal cortex, which may act as a relay or integration site. Our findings clarify the roles of basic visual and affective brain circuitry in evaluating a central aesthetic feature – implied motion – whilst also pointing towards promising future research directions, which involve modelling aesthetic preferences as hierarchical interplay between visual and affective circuits and integration processes in frontoparietal cortex
Who likes extraverts? Testing the interplay between perceiver needs and target appearance in impression formation
No full textThe role of perceiver differences in impression formation remains relatively poorly understood. One line of research has tried to understand these differences by exploring the role of perceivers’ needs and motivations, reasoning that perceivers should form more positive impressions of targets who appear more likely to address their needs. For example, a perceiver with a stronger affiliation motive might have a more positive impression of someone who looks more (vs. less) extraverted. We conducted two preregistered replication studies of proposed associations between three individual difference variables and likeability impressions of individuals varying in perceived extraversion. Using the original stimuli and study design (Study 1, n = 273) and two additional stimulus sets and an improved study design (Study 2, n = 367), we did not find that individual differences in (a) affiliative needs, (b) pathogen concern, or (c) sociosexual orientation were associated with likeability impressions of individuals varying in perceived extraversion. Bayesian analyses supported this conclusion. Our findings highlight the need for additional research to understand how individual differences shape social perception
Ingroup Bias in Social Information Search and Use
No full textSocial information helps improve judgments. While studies often examine how individuals use social information, few focus on the active process of searching for it, or linking the two. We examined how partisanship, an identity known to cause strong ingroup biases and polarisation, affects both social information search and use across four decision-making studies. Partisan biases emerged at distinct stages of information processing. When partisan identity was salient (election prediction), participants preferentially initiated information search from their ingroup. However, once information-seeking began, participants explored ingroup and outgroup decisions equally. Despite balanced exploration, biases re-emerged during information use: Participants relied more heavily on ingroup members’ choices and on information that aligned with their preferred political outcomes. These findings demonstrate the importance of disentangling social information search and use. They suggest that polarisation may stem less from a refusal to explore opposing views, and more from how that information is used
Of Two Minds: A registered replication
No full textSeveral dual-process theories of social evaluation posit that implicit (or automatic) and explicit (or non-automatic) evaluations reflect distinct attitudes acquired via qualitatively different learning processes. Consequently, one may explicitly like a person but dislike them implicitly. Rydell et al. (2006) reported a striking demonstration of this dissociation: Briefly flashed negative words paired with a person described as behaving positively produced positive ratings of that person but negative Implicit Association Test scores. However, Heycke et al. (2018) could not replicate this dissociation. In two new replication attempts (N = 593) across four countries and three languages, with words flashed between 13 and 27 ms, we too found overwhelming evidence against the dissociation between directly and indirectly measured evaluations. We conclude that the dissociative evaluative learning effect reported by Rydell et al. (2006) is replicably non-replicable
Toward a productive evolutionary understanding of music
No full textWe discuss approaches to the study of the evolution of music (sect. R1); challenges to each of the two theories of the origins of music presented in the companion Target Articles (sect. R2); future directions for testing them (sect. R3); and priorities for better understanding the nature of music (sect. R4). [in press, Behavioral and Brain Sciences
A Multilevel Model for Coalition Governments: Uncovering Party-Level Dependencies Within and Between Governments.
No full textCoalition research increasingly emphasizes party-level explanations of coalition outcomes. However, this work does not account for the complex multilevel structure between parties and governments: many parties participate in multiple governments and governments often comprise multiple parties. In this paper, I show that this crisscrossing structure creates dependencies among observations both across and within governments. If ignored, these dependencies produce downward-biased uncertainty estimates that cluster-robust standard errors fail to fully correct. To address this issue, I then introduce a model that extends the Multiple Membership Multilevel Model to represent the multilevel structure of coalition government data. The model accounts for party-level dependencies across governments through party-specific effects in each coalition they join, and for dependencies within governments by representing the total party effect on a government as a weighted sum of its members’ contributions. By allowing party weights to vary with covariates describing their interrelationships, the model enables researchers to examine the interdependent nature of coalition outcomes. I validate the model through simulation and an empirical application to coalition government survival, showing that ignoring party-level dependencies can produce misleading conclusions at all levels of analysis. The model is estimated via Bayesian MCMC and implemented in the accompanying R package ‘bml’
Vision 2035 – Public Health Surveillance in India. A White Paper
No full textNITI Aayog’s mandate is to provide strategic directions to the various sectors of the
Indian economy. In line with this mandate, the Health Vertical released a set of four
working papers compiled in a volume entitled ‘Health Systems for New India: Building
Blocks – Potential Pathways to Reform’ during November 2019.
“India’s Public Health Surveillance by 2035” is a continuation of the work on Health
Systems Strengthening. It contributes by suggesting mainstreaming of surveillance by
making individual electronic health records the basis for surveillance.
Public Health Surveillance (PHS) cuts across primary, secondary, and tertiary levels of care.
Surveillance is an important Public Health function. It is an essential action for disease
detection, prevention, and control. Surveillance is ‘Information for Action’.
This paper is a joint effort of the Health vertical, NITI Aayog, and the Institute for Global
Public Health, University of Manitoba, Canada, with contributions from technical experts
from the Government of India, States, and International agencies.
In 2035,
• India’s Public Health Surveillance will be a predictive, responsive, integrated, and tiered
system of disease and health surveillance that is inclusive of Prioritised, emerging, and
re-emerging communicable and non-communicable diseases and conditions.
• Surveillance will be primarily based on de-identified (anonymised) individual-level patient
information that emanates from health care facilities, laboratories, and other sources.
• Public Health Surveillance will be governed by an adequately resourced effective
administrative and technical structure and will ensure that it serves the public good.
• India will provide regional and global leadership in managing events that constitute a
Public Health Emergency of International Concern.
Multiple disease outbreaks have prompted India to proactively respond with prevention
and control measures. These actions are based on information from public health
surveillance. India was able to achieve many successes in the past. Smallpox was eradicated
and polio was eliminated. India has been able to reduce HIV incidence and deaths and
advance and accelerate TB elimination efforts. Many outbreaks of vector-borne diseases,
acute encephalitis syndromes, acute febrile illnesses, diarrhoeal and respiratory diseases
have been promptly detected, identified and managed. These successes are a result
of effective community-based, facility-based, and health system-based surveillance. The
program response involved multiple sectors, including public and private health care
systems and civil society