Bulletin of NTU "KhPI". Series: Problems of Electrical Machines and Apparatus Perfection. The Theory and Practice / Вісник Національного технічного університету "ХПІ". Серія: Проблеми удосконалювання електричних машин і апаратів. Теорія і практика
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Asymmetric Anticipatory Emotions Underlie Risk and Time Preferences
No full textWe are often preoccupied with the future, experiencing dread at the thought of future misery and savoring the thought of future pleasure. Prior lab studies have found that these anticipatory emotions influence decision-making. In this article, using economic survey data to estimate individual differences in anticipatory emotions, we find that the tendency to feel displeasure from anticipating future losses outweighs the pleasure from anticipating equal gains. We then relate asymmetries in anticipatory emotions to key economic preferences, finding that people with more strongly asymmetric anticipatory emotions are more risk-avoidant (because they obtain more disutility from contemplating downside risk) and more impatient (because they want to minimize the time spent contemplating risks). We conclude by considering how asymmetries in anticipatory emotions may be linked to a range of intertemporal and risky choice phenomena. Overall, our framework explains why risk-avoidance and impatience are linked and we provide suggestive evidence for this explanation
Sitting arrangement and malpractice behaviours among higher education test-takers: On educational assessment in Nigeria
No full textIn this study, a cohort of 170 university students was observed for malpractice behaviour under three forms of sitting arrangement. The aim was to identify the conditions under which test-takers are more likely to engage in different forms of examination malpractice. The study was primarily concerned with providing answers to four research questions and testing four null hypotheses. Data were collected using an observation checklist conceived by the researchers. Data analysis was done using frequency counts, simple percentages and the Chi-square test of independence. It was determined, among other things, that many higher education test-takers participated in various forms of examination misconduct. Giraffing, copying from colleagues, script exchange, discussion with peers, using small papers containing answers, using phones, swaying seats, handwriting on desks, using headphones with recorded audio, and requesting invigilators for help are all manifestations of these behaviours. It was found that test-takers malpractice behaviour varied with the sitting arrangement used. Furthermore, the malpractice behaviours exhibited and the instances of cheating were not significantly dependent on gender, although males exhibited, on average, a higher rate of malpractice behaviours. However, students’ malpractice behaviours and the instances of cheating significantly depended on the sitting arrangement implemented. The educational assessment implications were examined considering these findings. Examiners wishing to limit examination fraud and improve efficient performance assessments may utilise one or more combinations of gender separation and inter-class test sitting arrangements
The Evaluation of Harm and Purity Transgressions in Africans: A Paradigmatic Replication of Rottman and Young (2019)
No full textImproving the generalizability of psychology findings to a culture requires sampling participants in that culture. Yet psychology studies rarely sample from Africa, even though Africa represents 17% of the global population. While Africans can leverage the credibility revolution initiatives to increase rigor and global representation, capacity building might speed the spread of these initiatives. This study investigated an African-wide replication study to test whether Rottman and Young’s “mere-trace” hypothesis of moral reasoning (that people are more sensitive to the dosage of harm-based transgressions than purity transgressions) extends to several African communities. We used a training method developed by the Collaborative Replication and Education Project to train 23 African collaborators. During this process, we conducted a paradigmatic replication of Rottman’s and Young’s test of the mere trace hypothesis in twelve contributing African sites from Burkina Faso, Kenya, Morocco, Nigeria, and Tanzania that sampled 783 participants after exclusions. Consistent with the original claim using US samples, our African participants judged severe harm transgressions as more wrong than less severe ones but were not as sensitive to severity for purity transgressions (bdomain x dose = -4.63; p < .01). Moreover, the effect of dosage was smaller than reported among the US sample, and our African participants rated all transgression scenarios more wrong than the US sample. Resource constraints limited our sample to five African countries and to Africans dwelling in urban communities. Moral psychology should transcend the moral issues prioritized in the original study to include those considered important in African societies
The hidden intricacy of loot box design: A granular description of random monetized reward features
No full textLoot boxes are the focus of growing research and regulatory attention. While they are frequently treated as a monolithic feature of games by researchers and policymakers, loot box implementations are not uniform: the features of loot boxes vary from game to game in ways that may have important consequences for player spending and behaviour. Despite this, previous attempts to classify loot boxes have either not focused on the impact of loot box features on player behaviour and spending, or have not attempted to fully map the different forms that loot boxes currently take. In this work, we attempt to illustrate the nuance present in loot box implementation in a featural model. Using our lived experience, a qualitative coding exercise, and consultation with an industry professional, we identify thirty-two features of loot box-like mechanics that might be expected to influence player behavior or spending, which we group into five domains: point of purchase, pulling procedure, contents, audiovisual presentation, and salience. Each feature is broken down into two or more categorization tags for a given loot box, and illustrative examples of each feature are provided. This work may serve to guide researchers in studying how different types of loot boxes may affect players, aid regulators in ensuring that any proposed legislation is sufficiently nuanced to handle the wide variation in loot box design, and help parents and players to better understand the inner workings of loot boxes during play
The affirmative answer to Singer's conjecture on the algebraic transfer of rank four
No full textIn recent decades, the structure of the mod-2 cohomology of the Steenrod ring has become a major subject of study in the field of Algebraic Topology. One of the earliest attempts to study this cohomology through the use of modular representations of the general linear groups was the groundbreaking work [Math. Z. \textbf{202} (1989), 493-523] by W.M. Singer. In that work, Singer introduced a homomorphism, commonly referred to as the "algebraic transfer," which maps from the coinvariants of a certain representation of the general linear group to the mod-2 cohomology group of the ring Singer's conjecture, in particular, which states that the algebraic transfer is a monomorphism for all homological degrees, remains a highly significant and unresolved problem in Algebraic Topology. In this research, we take a major stride toward resolving the Singer conjecture by establishing its truth for the homological degree four
Comparison between heterosis for yield exhibited by elite maize hybrids and contribution from dominance
No full textHeterosis in plants refers to the superiority of F1 hybrid over its inbred parents. Heterosis has contributed to reducing hunger and malnutrition over the past 100 years. To unlock the full potential of heterosis for use in crop production, efforts have been devoted to the investigations of its genetic basis. The dominance hypothesis mostly held sway before the modern techniques of genomics were initially employed in this field. The current view is that the dominance hypothesis is one of the non-mutually exclusive hypotheses and is even questioned. Here we perform a combined theoretical and experimental study to assess the contribution of dominance to heterosis. With the consideration that dominance alone contributes to heterosis, we derive the expression for calculating the ratio of heterosis to midparent value, and determine the maximum ratio. Using the maximum ratio as a standard of comparison, we compare the contribution from dominance with heterosis for yield exhibited by the elite maize hybrids and their parents. Our study indicates that dominance partially contributes to heterosis or is not a contributor. In other words, the contributions of other factors to heterosis are essential. For the last two decades, a few new mechanisms underlying heterosis have been proposed coupled with advances in genomics technologies. Because our knowledge regarding the genetic basis of heterosis still needs to be enriched, developing efficient strategies for hybrid breeding would be considerable challenges
Weight effects on stress: lexicon and grammar
No full textThis thesis examines weight effects on stress and proposes a probabilistic approach based on the notion that weight is gradient, not categorical. Arguments for this proposal are divided into three main chapters, which examine and statistically model weight in the lexicon (Chapter 1), weight in the grammar (Chapter 2), and the interaction of weight and footing (Chapter 3). The statistical analyses in Chapters 2 and 3 also discuss how our linguistic expectations regarding weight effects can be incorporated in statistical models through the use of mildly informative priors, and to what extent the fit of such models compare with that of models based on non-informative priors
Demographic Diversity of the Aromantic/Asexual Spectrum in Japan: Findings from the 2020 Aro/Ace Survey
No full textIn Western countries, studies using representative surveys and community surveys have begun to reveal the size and the diversity of the asexual population. On the other hand, in Japan, there are only a few studies using representative surveys, and the detailed realities of the asexual population are yet to be explored. This article analyzed a web survey “Aromantic/Asexual Spectrum Survey 2020,” conducted by the Aro/Ace Survey Executive Committee. Most of the respondents tended to be cisgender women, young people, and residents of the southern Kanto region. Many identified as aromantic and asexual, but some identified as other aro/ace identities. We also conducted an analysis on “nonsexual,” an identity category unique to Japan. While masturbation and sex drives were found in a certain number of asexual respondents, the proportion of those who would like to have sexual contact with others was particularly low among asexual respondents. We conclude that sexual contact with others has important implications for self-identification
Consciousness and its relation with subconscious mind: The mystery probed
No full textWhat is the nature of consciousness? How is it related to subconscious functioning of the mind? What drives our conscious and subconscious mind? Is your mind yours? i.e., is there a free will? – If I tell you to read the telephone directory from cover to cover (without any incentive), not missing a single word – you will probably get some idea about the answer of that question. If we deeply think, our consciousness as well as mind’s functioning is equivalent to molecular tendency. It is like sodium's affinity to react with water to make a stable compound. There is no need to import divine attribute upon consciousness. But can we say ‘sodium is conscious’? – not in the way by which we feel our very subjective consciousness. Then why our consciousness evolved? It evolved to guide an array of complex molecular reactions that accidentally trapped into a cycle within our earth’s microcosm. Consciousness is a part of this cycle, though not always essential in this cycle. Consciousness is a feeling; just like some primitive organism felt pain to avoid noxious stimuli, or felt hunger to be attracted to particular molecules. Any organism that can feel, we can say it is conscious, though it may not experience conscious intellectual workings. Human consciousness is the highest developed form of the feelings that can feel sensory perceptions as well as intellectual workings and others. In this article we have also defined our subconscious mind and how it differs from conscious mind. There are a good number of questions regarding our subconscious mind. Is it more powerful than our conscious mind? Does the drive that works for conscious mind work for subconscious too? We all experience somehow the presence of our subconscious mind, but where in the structures of brain it resides? Can subconscious be autoactivated and act on its own? Can subconscious create its own goal? Or can its activities be primed for a goal? In this treatise, we reviewed different literatures and tried to give answers to these questions to demystify the nature and realm of activities of our conscious and subconscious mind
Development of three Higher Education Professional Learning Networks in response to COVID-19: A case study
No full textThis paper has now been published as: Cramman, H., Burnham, J. A. J., Campbell, C. D., Francis, N. J., Smith, D. P., Spagnoli, D., … Turner, I. J. (2025). Development of three Higher Education professional learning networks in response to COVID-19: a case study. International Journal for Academic Development, 1–16. https://doi.org/10.1080/1360144X.2025.2580277
The COVID-19 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic brought in-person teaching to an abrupt halt in March 2020 posing the problem of how to continue to deliver undergraduate courses remotely. This paper presents a detailed case study of three international online Higher Education (HE) teaching networks which formed to address the critical need to support laboratory teaching in the UK and Australia. The study employed a sequential mixed methods design using an online survey followed by structured discussions with network leads. The findings show these networks provided a space for knowledge development, built confidence, supported collaboration, and reduced isolation of members. Multiple factors contributed to their success: COVID-19 created a common purpose; individuals prioritised engagement; and both participants and their contributions were welcomed. The research found that the three networks fit the framework for Professional Learning Networks (PLN) and provide a useful template for a Higher Education PLN operating anywhere in the world