1,720,971 research outputs found
The development of audiovisual vowel processing in monolingual and bilingual infants: a cross-sectional and longitudinal study.
Full text link127 p.The aim of the current dissertation is to investigate to what extent infants acquiring one language (monolinguals) and infants acquiring two languages (bilinguals) share their strategies during audiovisual speech processing. The dissertation focuses on typically developing Basque and Spanish monolingual and bilingual infants' processing of matching and mismatching audio-visual vowels at 4 and 8 months of age. Using an eye-tracker, the infants' attention to audiovisual match versus mismatch conditions and to the speakers' eyes versus mouth was measured in a cross-sectional and a longitudinal design. The cross-sectional data revealed that bilingual and monolingual infants exhibited similar audiovisual matching ability. Furthermore, they exhibited similar looking pattern: at 4 months of age, monolinguals and bilinguals attended more to the speakers' eyes, whereas at 8 months of age they attended equally to the eyes and to the mouth. Finally, the longitudinal data revealed that infants' attention to the eyes versus the mouth is correlated between 4 and 8 months of age, regardless of the linguistic group. Taken together, the current research demonstrated no clear difference in audiovisual vowel processing between monolingual and bilingual infants. Overall, the dissertation has made fundamental contributions to understanding underlying processes in language acquisition across linguistically diverse populations.bcbl: basque center on cognition, brain and languag
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
The relationships between context and conceptual access.
Full text link147 p.An important question in the cognitive neuroscience of language regards the nature of the conceptual representations that make up semantic memory. Amodal accounts argue that conceptual representations of objects and their processing is functionally distinct from sensory or motor brain systems whereas sensorimotor theories maintain that they involve the same perceptual and action brain areas active in experience. In a break from current orthodoxy, this thesis seeks to explore if concepts and semantic processing are best considered as functionally grounded in sensorimotor systems and contextually sensitive. We report four studies using behavioural-psycholinguistic and neuroimaging techniques in healthy and clinical populations. In part 1 we show that online perceptual processing in the visual and olfactory modalities can interact with language comprehension, that lifetime sensory experience shapes the representational structure of object concepts, and that the outcome of semantic processing differs depending on an interaction of personal experience and people¿s immediate perceptual context. In part 2, we examine whether motor system degradation due to Parkinson's disease leads to impairments in processing manipulable objects compared to healthy controls. Counter to our predictions we do not observe behavioural differences in the way Parkinson's disease patients access the representations of manipulable objects, however, we report neuroimaging evidence suggesting that changes in people's motor capacities lead to measurable alterations in the way that they process action semantics, at the neural level. Taken together this thesis provides evidence that the content and format of the conceptual representations of objects is multimodal and grounded in sensory and motor brain systems and people's lifetime sensory and motor experience with objects shapes their representations in deeply personal ways. Therefore, contrary to amodal accounts, there is functional overlap between sensorimotor and semantic processing, such that sensory, motor and semantic processes mutually interact with context (at many levels). This suggests that exploring the relationship between concepts and context is both necessary and vital in order to properly understand the semantic representations underlying noun words.Basque Center on Cognition, Brain and Languag
The development of audiovisual vowel processing in monolingual and bilingual infants: a cross-sectional and longitudinal study.
Full text link127 p.The aim of the current dissertation is to investigate to what extent infants acquiring one language (monolinguals) and infants acquiring two languages (bilinguals) share their strategies during audiovisual speech processing. The dissertation focuses on typically developing Basque and Spanish monolingual and bilingual infants' processing of matching and mismatching audio-visual vowels at 4 and 8 months of age. Using an eye-tracker, the infants' attention to audiovisual match versus mismatch conditions and to the speakers' eyes versus mouth was measured in a cross-sectional and a longitudinal design. The cross-sectional data revealed that bilingual and monolingual infants exhibited similar audiovisual matching ability. Furthermore, they exhibited similar looking pattern: at 4 months of age, monolinguals and bilinguals attended more to the speakers' eyes, whereas at 8 months of age they attended equally to the eyes and to the mouth. Finally, the longitudinal data revealed that infants' attention to the eyes versus the mouth is correlated between 4 and 8 months of age, regardless of the linguistic group. Taken together, the current research demonstrated no clear difference in audiovisual vowel processing between monolingual and bilingual infants. Overall, the dissertation has made fundamental contributions to understanding underlying processes in language acquisition across linguistically diverse populations.bcbl: basque center on cognition, brain and languag
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
The relationships between context and conceptual access.
Full text link147 p.An important question in the cognitive neuroscience of language regards the nature of the conceptual representations that make up semantic memory. Amodal accounts argue that conceptual representations of objects and their processing is functionally distinct from sensory or motor brain systems whereas sensorimotor theories maintain that they involve the same perceptual and action brain areas active in experience. In a break from current orthodoxy, this thesis seeks to explore if concepts and semantic processing are best considered as functionally grounded in sensorimotor systems and contextually sensitive. We report four studies using behavioural-psycholinguistic and neuroimaging techniques in healthy and clinical populations. In part 1 we show that online perceptual processing in the visual and olfactory modalities can interact with language comprehension, that lifetime sensory experience shapes the representational structure of object concepts, and that the outcome of semantic processing differs depending on an interaction of personal experience and people¿s immediate perceptual context. In part 2, we examine whether motor system degradation due to Parkinson's disease leads to impairments in processing manipulable objects compared to healthy controls. Counter to our predictions we do not observe behavioural differences in the way Parkinson's disease patients access the representations of manipulable objects, however, we report neuroimaging evidence suggesting that changes in people's motor capacities lead to measurable alterations in the way that they process action semantics, at the neural level. Taken together this thesis provides evidence that the content and format of the conceptual representations of objects is multimodal and grounded in sensory and motor brain systems and people's lifetime sensory and motor experience with objects shapes their representations in deeply personal ways. Therefore, contrary to amodal accounts, there is functional overlap between sensorimotor and semantic processing, such that sensory, motor and semantic processes mutually interact with context (at many levels). This suggests that exploring the relationship between concepts and context is both necessary and vital in order to properly understand the semantic representations underlying noun words.Basque Center on Cognition, Brain and Languag
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