20 research outputs found
Татары в Великом Княжестве Литовском в XIV–XVI вв.
No full textThis article is dedicated to the history of the Tatars in the Grand Duchy of Lithuania. Tatars in the Grand Duchy of Lithuania played an important role in border guarding. They carried out border, ambassadorial and castle service. Interpreters of Tatars and Tatar beks were sent on important missions to estab- lish diplomatic relations with strong Turkic states. Apostates (apostates from Is- lam) Glinskie played an important role in protecting the Ukrainian border from Crimean raids. Representatives of this family went on diplomatic missions to the Big Horde. The rulers of the Great Horde and the Crimean Khanate did not con- sider it shameful to write to the apostate and the provincial prince. The Tatar origin of the clan, on the contrary, was a plus in the eyes of the Jochids and the Glinskie were generally perceived as their own people. The adoption of Christian- ity opened up broad career prospects. Tatars managed to preserve their identity in places of compact settlement of Tatars in Belarus and Lithuania, as well as in Volyn. However, many Tatars who received land in the Grand Duchy of Lithuania quickly lost their ethnic and religious identity.Данная статья посвящена истории татар в Великом княжестве Литовском (далее – ВКЛ). Татары в ВКЛ играли важную роль в охране гра- ницы. Они несли пограничную, посольскую и замковую службу. Толмачей из татар и беков татар отправляли в ответственные миссии для установле- ния дипломатических отношений с сильными тюркскими государствами. Муртады (отступники от ислама) Глинские играли важную роль в защите украинской границы от набегов крымцев. Представители этого рода от- правлялись в дипломатические миссии в Большую Орду. Правители Боль- шой Орды и Крымского ханства не считали чем-то постыдным писать муртаду и провинциальному князю. Татарское происхождение рода, нао- борот, было плюсом в глазах Джучидов, которые Глинских в целом воспри- нимали как своих людей. Принятие же христианства открывало широкие карьерные перспективы. Татарам удавалось сохранять свою идентичность в местах компактного расселения в Беларуси и Литве, а также на Волыни. Однако многие татары, получавшие земли в ВКЛ, довольно быстро утра- чивали этническую и религиозную идентичность
Грузинское национальное движение в первой четверти ХХ в. и проблемы межнациональных отношений в Грузии
No full textThis paper is devoted to Georgian national movement and interethnic relations in Georgia in 20th century. At the beginning of the twentieth century. Georgians had a strong national elite represented by the liberal nobility and the Georgian intellectuals. Even when Georgia was part of the Russian Empire, strong political parties appeared in it. They were divided into social democrats and nationalists, who set themselves different tasks. The Social Democrats saw Georgia as part of a democratic Russia. Only the October Revolution of 1917 forced them to separate from Russia. The nationalists came up with the idea of first autonomy, and then the independence of Georgia. They saw the German Empire as their ally. The development of the national movement led to the proclamation of an independent Georgian Democratic Republic in May 1918. This republic tried to maintain peaceful relations with its neighbors - the Mountain Republic, the Azerbaijan Democratic Republic, the Ottoman Empire, and the Turkish Republic. The conflict with Armenia was due to Armenian Irrendism. Georgia was annexed by the Russian Bolsheviks in 1921. The government of the Georgian Democratic Republic went into exile, and the Georgian national figures were repressed by the Bolsheviks.Данная статья посвященна грузинскому национальному движению и вопросам межнациональных отношений в Грузии в ХХ в. В начале ХХ в. грузины имели сильную национальную элиту в лице либерального дворянства и грузинской интеллигенции. Еще когда Грузия находилась в составе Российской империи в ней появились сильные политические партии. Они делились на социал-демократов и националистов, которые ставили перед собой разные задачи. Социал-демократы видели Грузию в составе демократической России. Только октябрьская революция 1917 г. вынудила их сепарарироваться от России. Националисты же выступали с идеей сначала автономии, а потом и независимости Грузии. Своим союзником они видели Германскую империю. Развитие национального движения привели к провозглашению независимой Грузинской демократической республики в мае 1918 г.Эта республика старалась поддерживать мирные отношения со своими соседями – Горской Республикой, Азербайджанской Демократической республикой, Османской империей, а за тем Турецкой республикой. Война с Арменией было вызвано армянским национализмом которые стремились к созданию «Великой Армении» В 1921 г. Грузия была аннексирована русскими большевиками. Правительство Грузинской демократической республики было вынуждено эмигрировать, а грузинские национальные деятели были репрессированы большевиками
Североафриканский фронтир: беджа и их соседи
No full textThis paper deals with to the history of relations between the Bija with their neighbors. Bija were subjects of Ancient Egypt and Meroe. They are integrated into these societies without any problems and have been a vassal tribe of them. Beja were restless neighbors of the Roman Empire. They raided Upper Egypt during the III-V centuries AC. Attempts to establish a relationship with them like with the Berbers were unsuccessful. Particularly violent conflicts were a Bija with Christian states – Byzantium Empire, Nubia and Aksum. Some time Bija paid tribute to the Nubians and Axumites. Christianity did not get spread among them, Islam was adopted syncretic form after several centuries of contact with the Arabs. Islamization has been made possible thanks to the settlement of Arabs in the land Bija and participation in the Intercontinental trade. For all their neighbors were threatening nomadic Bija, which made raids to capture people in captivity and selling them into slavery. Bija attacked the Egyptian dominions of the Arab Caliphate, despite the fact that they were formally paid tribute to Arab
North African Frontier: Bija and their neighbors
No full textThis paper deals with to the history of relations between the Bija with their neighbors. Bija were subjects of Ancient Egypt and Meroe. They are integrated into these societies without any problems and have been a vassal tribe of them. Beja were restless neighbors of the Roman Empire. They raided Upper Egypt during the III-V centuries AC. Attempts to establish a relationship with them like with the Berbers were unsuccessful. Particularly violent conflicts were a Bija with Christian states – Byzantium Empire, Nubia and Aksum. Some time Bija paid tribute to the Nubians and Axumites. Christianity did not get spread among them, Islam was adopted syncretic form after several centuries of contact with the Arabs. Islamization has been made possible thanks to the settlement of Arabs in the land Bija and participation in the Intercontinental trade. For all their neighbors were threatening nomadic Bija, which made raids to capture people in captivity and selling them into slavery. Bija attacked the Egyptian dominions of the Arab Caliphate, despite the fact that they were formally paid tribute to Arabs
Розлади адаптації як психолого-педагогічний фактор у діяльності військових психологів
No full textУ тезах розглянуто розлади адаптації як психолого-педагогічний фактор у діяльності військових психологів.The theses consider adaptation disorders as a psychological and pedagogical factor in the activities of military psychologists
North African frontier and nomads (IV-VII centuries)
No full textThis article deals with to the Berbers as a part of the frontier in Africa. Berbers for a fee under
the Romans and Byzantinians agreed to carry the service on the border. Uprising Berber population when Roman power was due to abuse of the local Roman authorities. Byzantium faced already with the states of the Berbers, who have expanded their holdings due to their sedentary neighbors. Byzantines attracted Berbers in the service of offering them cash grants, as well as providing support against other Berbers. From Romans and Byzantines and Berbers took over the titulature and existence of sedentary settlements. During the Arab expansion of the semi-sedentary Berbers was a allies of the Byzantines. Their leader Kuseyla wanted to integrate into the Byzantine society. Berber nomads also raided the agricultural population of the provinces of Africa and Mauritania, without changing the normal lifestyle
Североафриканский фронтир и кочевники (IV-VII вв.) = Severoafrikanskiy frontir i kochevniki (IV-VII vv.)
No full textThis article deals with to the Berbers as a part of the frontier in Africa. Berbers for a fee under the Romans and Byzantinians agreed to carry the service on the border. Uprising Berber population when Roman power was due to abuse of the local Roman authorities. Byzantium faced already with the states of the Berbers, who have expanded their holdings due to their sedentary neighbors. Byzantines attracted Berbers in the service of offering them cash grants, as well as providing support against other Berbers. From Romans and Byzantines and Berbers took over the titulature and existence of sedentary settlements. During the Arab expansion of the semisedentary Berbers was a allies of the Byzantines. Their leader Kuseyla wanted to integrate into the Byzantine society. Berber nomads also raided the agricultural population of the provinces of Africa and Mauritania, without changing the normal lifestyl
Североафриканский фронтир: беджа и их соседи = Severoafrikanskiy frontir: bedzha i ikh sosedi
No full textThis paper deals with to the history of relations between the Bija with their neighbors. Bija were subjects of Ancient Egypt and Meroe. They are integrated into these societies without any problems and have been a vassal tribe of them. Beja were restless neighbors of the Roman Empire. They raided Upper Egypt during the III-V centuries AC. Attempts to establish a relationship with them like with the Berbers were unsuccessful. Particularly violent conflicts were a Bija with Christian states – Byzantium Empire, Nubia and Aksum. Some time Bija paid tribute to the Nubians and Axumites. Christianity did not get spread among them, Islam was adopted syncretic form after several centuries of contact with the Arabs. Islamization has been made possible thanks to the settlement of Arabs in the land Bija and participation in the Intercontinental trade. For all their neighbors were threatening nomadic Bija, which made raids to capture people in captivity and selling them into slavery. Bija attacked the Egyptian dominions of the Arab Caliphate, despite the fact that they were formally paid tribute to Arabs
Israeli experience in the rehabilitation of military veterans for the training system of military psychologists in Ukraine
No full textСтаття спрямована на вивчення ізраїльського досвіду реабілітації ветеранів війни та можливості його екстраполяції в систему підготовки військових психологів в Україні. Дослідження є складовою наукового дослідження «Інформаційно-аналітичне забезпечення психологічної науки у воєнний та повоєнний періоди України» (2024-2025 рр.), що виконується в Державній науково-педагогічній бібліотеці України імені В. Сухомлинського. Автори використовують метод екстраполяції, який полягає в широкому перенесенні доказів з однієї частини явища на іншу. Для розкриття теми дослідження проведено аналіз наукових праць; підтвердження актуальності ізраїльського досвіду реабілітації ветеранів війни для системи підготовки військових психологів в Україні. Проаналізовано ізраїльський підхід до людей, які пережили військові дії та повернулися до цивільного життя після поранень, інвалідності чи психологічної травми. Констатовано, що ізраїльський досвід посідає провідне місце в системі інформаційно-аналітичного забезпечення підготовки військових психологів, у контексті розробки проблеми реабілітації ветеранів військової служби. Зазначається, що в Ізраїлі створено групу реабілітації військових ветеранів (Combat Fitness Retraining Unit), до складу якої входять психіатри, соціальні працівники, клінічні психологи, фахівці спортивної та бойової підготовки. Наголошено, що важливою умовою ефективності роботи військових психологів є такі аспекти, як: лікар чи психолог, які надають допомогу, повинні мати бойовий досвід, що дозволяє налагоджувати більш довірчі комунікації в процесі терапії. Автори характеризують психологічні техніки та методи, зокрема, когнітивно-поведінкову терапію (КПТ), емоційно-фокусовану терапію (EФT), експозиційну терапію, групову терапію, техніки релаксації та медитації, техніки саморегуляції. Зроблено висновок про цінність ізраїльського досвіду реабілітації ветеранів військової служби для формування психологічної готовності українських психологів до бойової підготовки військовослужбовців та – в умовах війни – до виконання бойових завдань шляхом надання психологічної допомоги військовослужбовцям та членам їх сімей. Заслуговує на увагу ізраїльська програма реабілітації військовослужбовців після демобілізації, орієнтована на тих, хто готовий воювати, не залишаючись на самоті для вирішення дрібних проблем. Ця програма також передбачає навчання родичів демобілізованого до його повернення додому.The article is aimed at the exploring the Israeli experience of rehabilitation of war veterans and the possibilities of its extrapolation into the training system of military psychologists in Ukraine. The study is a component of the scientific research “Information and analytical support of psychological science in the war and post-war periods of Ukraine” (2024-2025), which is being implemented in the V. Sukhomlynskyi State Scientific and Educational Library of Ukraine. The authors use the extrapolation method, which consists in the broad transfer of evidence from one part of the phenomenon to another. An analysis of scientific works was conducted to reveal the topic of the study; confirmation of the relevance of the Israeli experience of rehabilitation of war veterans for the system of training military psychologists in Ukraine. The Israeli approach to people who survived hostilities and returned to civilian life after receiving injuries, disabilities, or psychological trauma is analyzed. It is stated that the Israeli experience occupies a leading place in the system of information and analytical support for the training of military psychologists, in the context of the development of the problem of rehabilitation of military veterans. It is noted that a group for the rehabilitation of military veterans (Combat Fitness Retraining Unit) has been created in Israel, which includes psychiatrists, social workers, clinical psychologists, and specialists in sports and combat training. It is emphasized that an important condition for the effectiveness of the work of military psychologists are such aspects as: the doctor or psychologist who provides assistance must have combat experience, which allows them to establish more trusting communications in the process of therapy. The authors characterize psychological techniques and methods, in particular, cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT), emotionally focused therapy (EFT), exposure therapy, group therapy, relaxation and meditation techniques, and self-regulation techniques. It is concluded that the Israeli experience of rehabilitation of military veterans is valuable for the formation of psychological readiness of Ukrainian psychologists for combat training of military personnel and – in war conditions – the performance of combat missions by providing psychological assistance to military personnel and their family members. The Israeli programme of rehabilitation of military personnel after demobilization deserves attention, aimed at those who are ready to fight, without being left alone to solve minor problems. This programme also provides for training of relatives of the demobilized person before his/her return home
