7,936 research outputs found
Hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography method for eremomycin determination in pre-clinical study
No full textA complex of hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography (HILIC) methods for simple and efficient determination of eremomycin (ERM) as an active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) of a novel drug is proposed for preclinical study, which includes the dissolution test and pharmacokinetic study on the animals. A home-made HILIC silica-based stationary phase (SP) containing diol functionalities and positively charged nitrogen atoms in its structure was synthesized for this research and applied for the first time for performing the first step of preclinical study (dissolution test) of the novel ERM-containing drug. HILIC method developed using novel home-made SP allowed us to avoid any interferences from polyethylene glycol (PEG) contained in the drug matrix thus providing a unique advantage of the proposed approach over RP HPLC. The home-made SP demonstrated better chromatographic performance as compared to the tested commercially available columns with various functionalities. Different retention behaviour and mechanisms with various electrostatic impact were demonstrated for two glycopeptide antibiotics, namely, ERM and its analogue vancomycin (VAN), on the home-made SP. For the second step of the preclinical study HILIC-MS/MS method for ERM determination in rabbit plasma was developed and validated in accordance with the EMA requirements and successfully applied to the preclinical study on rabbits after intravenous and intraperitoneal drug administration. The results of dissolution test and pharmacokinetic study revealed similar in vitro solubility of ERM and VAN and low ERM bioavailability, which proved the potential safety and efficiency of the novel drug
Copyright, contratto e accesso alla conoscenza: un’analisi comparata = Copyright, contract and access to knowledge: a comparative analysis.
No full textIl processo di digitalizzazione e lo sviluppo dei media, stravolgendo il paradigma tradizionale del copyright/diritto d’autore conducono a reazioni opposte. Da un lato, estendendo in vario modo l’ampiezza dell’esclusiva autorale favoriscono l’adozione di regole restrittive di accesso e uso dei contenuti; dall’altro, alimentano le logiche di condivisione, specie in alcune aree di produzione del sapere.
Il contratto, pur mutata la propria natura nella dimensione digitale, rappresenta la prima leva per l’affermazione di tali divergenti dinamiche, che, in entrambe le direzioni, riguardano anche la circolazione della conoscenza scientifica. Nel senso dell’apertura, lo strumento negoziale consente di perseguire i principi affermati dal movimento dell’Open Access (OA), abbattendo le barriere economiche e giuridiche all’accesso e utilizzo dei contenuti.
Dal deposito e pubblicazione su archivi istituzionali e disciplinari di opere transitate già attraverso i canali editoriali convenzionali, comunemente definita green road, alla pubblicazione su riviste ad accesso aperto, gold road, il fenomeno si sviluppa dal basso verso l’alto grazie alle dichiarazioni di principio e alle norme informali che hanno sin ora guidato le comunità accademiche nell’affermazione dell’OA. Di recente, tuttavia, i principi dell’OA sono oggetto di attenzione da parte del decisore pubblico che, pur timidamente, ne “impone” l’attuazione a tutte le comunità accademiche. Eppure, il diritto formale non sembra da solo sufficiente: è soltanto il primo tassello di una disciplina organica tesa a definire regole e incentivi per la produzione e la disseminazione della conoscenza scientifica, allo scopo di bilanciare la libertà “accademica” con il diritto di accesso alla conoscenza. = ENGLISH VERSION = Along with a comparative perspective that takes account of the U.S. and Italian law, this work aims to explore the interface between copyright and contract lae in publishing process.
In the current publishing environment, contracts and technology play a dominant role in the exploitation of copyrighted works. Publishers are granted by assignment of all copyright rights to reproduce and publish the work, but also to exercise control over its contents through technological protection measures. At the same time, mass digitization allows libraries and other organizations to make contents available online, which it entails a redefinition of the traditional publishing process and introduces new players to the scene (e.g., Google Books).
Hence, technology proves to be a powerful instrument for the spread of knowledge and it is on this pattern that Open Access (OA) is rapidly gaining ground.
Mostly based on a bottom-up approach that is on soft law, institutional policies and contracts, OA designs a new legal environment targeting the objectives of free accessibility, further distribution, and proper archiving of publications. These aims can be achieved through the creation of new open access business models to publish on OA journals (gold road) or to self-archive in institutional or disciplinary repositories works that have been originally published in conventional journals (green road).
However, in order for OA to be fully developed it is necessary to devise a principled and feasible approach to the dissemination of scholarly works against the current social, economic and legal background.
Indeed, the importance of OA is steadily recognized by legislators who integrate OA provisions into their legal system. This is an innovation of great significance, which was first fostered in the USA, and then extended in some European countries such as Italy and Germany in the European framework. Nevertheless, considering the different law systems, the formal law need to be combined with national strategies and institutional policies providing adequate incentives to the authors, while also promoting academic freedom and the right to knowledge access
Від стереотипів до різноманіття: гендерний аналіз програми підготовки замісних батьків
No full textDeinstitutionalization of the support system for orphans and children deprived of parental care in Ukraine provides for a gradual transition to the professionalization of foster parenting. The content and methods of educating and raising children in the family form of placement are currently not considered a private matter. Parents who have fostered a child join a cohort of social workers and play the role of parasocial workers: in addition to performing parental functions, they themselves become providers of social services. Care and upbringing in a foster family as an important institution for the socialization of children should be based on ethical principles of social work, which include, in particular, non-discrimination, equality and respect for diversity. The foster family has to become the leader of the position of equality in intergender relations and ensure the upbringing of children, free from the restrictions imposed on them by gender stereotypes. Given this, it is especially important for parents to master gender competencies. Therefore, the challenge is to develop gender-sensitive materials for use in the education of candidates for foster parents. Given the urgency of the problem, the purpose of the investigation was to carry out a gender analysis of the PRIDE's program for training foster parents, adapted by Ukrainian specialists. In the study with the help of qualitative and quantitative content analysis through gender «lenses» the following components of the program were considered: general content, explicit and implicit elements, language design, compositional structure, illustrations. Based on the analysis, the educational impact of the materials is highlighted. Open-ended observation of the work of trainers allowed to reveal a hidden curriculum. The author concludes that the program corresponds to a gender-neutral position, but contains imprints of a stereotypical approach that can strengthen gender-harmful norms, mostly in the content of the program and in the trainer’ interpretations. In order to disseminate the guidelines, adequate to modern ideas about the egalitarian model of the family, the author provides additional recommendations for making changes to the text of the program.Деінституалізація системи підтримки дітей-сиріт та дітей, позбавлених батьківського піклування, в Україні передбачає поступовий перехід до професіоналізації замісного батьківства. Зміст та методи навчання і виховання дітей у сімейних формах влаштування наразі не розглядаються як приватна справа. Батьки, які взяли на виховання дитину, долучаються до когорти фахівців із соціальної роботи й виконують роль парасоціальних працівників: окрім виконання батьківських функцій, вони самі стають постачальниками соціальних послуг. Догляд і виховання у замісній родині як важливому інституті соціалізації дітей повинні базуватися на етичних принципах соціальної роботи, які зокрема включають недискримінацію, рівноправ’я і повагу до різноманіття. Замісна родина має стати провідником позиції рівності в міжгендерних відносинах і забезпечити виховання дітей, вільне від обмежень, що накладають на них гендерні стереотипи. З огляду на це особливого значення набуває оволодіння батьками гендерними компетентностями. Відтак гостро постає завдання розробити гендерно чутливі матеріали для використання у навчанні кандидатів у замісні батьки. Враховуючи актуальність проблеми, метою розвідки було здійснити гендерний аналіз адаптованої українськими фахівцями програми підготовки замісних батьків «ПРАЙД». У дослідженні за допомогою якісного і кількісного контент-аналізу крізь гендерні «лінзи» було розглянуто такі компоненти програми: загальний зміст, експліцитні та імпліцитні його елементи, мовне оформлення, композиційна будова, ілюстрації. На основі проведеного аналізу висвітлено виховний вплив матеріалів. Відкрите включене спостереження за роботою тренерів/-ок дозволило виявити прихований навчальний план. Авторка доходить висновку, що програма відповідає гендерно нейтральній позиції, проте містить відбитки стереотипного підходу, здатні зміцнити гендерно шкідливі норми, здебільшого у змісті програми та в інтерпретаціях тренерів/-ок. Задля поширення настанов, адекватних сучасним уявленням про егалітарну модель сім’ї, авторка надає додаткові рекомендації щодо внесення змін у текст програми
The housing market in the Russian Federation : privatization and its implications for market development
No full textThe author reviews sociological data on privatization and the development of a housing market in Russia through 1996. Using data from urban surveys largely unknown outside Russia, she also considers demand for housing and household mobility in Russia. Since early 1997 the Russian government has increasingly focused on housing reform. Current policy calls for a reduction (in stages) of housing subsidies (for which both owners and tenants of privatized apartments are eligible), with the goal of 100 percent cost recovery by 2003. But household incomes are not expected to rise commensurately, so housing's share of the household budget is likely to grow for most Russians. By the end of 1996 about 55 percent of Russian housing was privately owned. The rate of privatization peaked in Moscow in 1993 and has since abated considerably, essentially coming to a halt in 1996. The pattern was the same in smaller cities, but with a later starting date. Not surprisingly, high-quality apartments in city centers have much higher rates of privatization than lower-quality housing some distance from the center. Also affecting the decision to privatize are demographic characteristics of the occupants and household incomes, values, and education levels. Privatization has produced a far-from-uniform class of owners. The two groups most likely to have privatized their apartments--pensioners and the relatively well-off--have quite different effects on the housing market . Pensioners--the larger group--are generally not inclined to move and thus exert a negative effect on housing mobility. The well-off--a much smaller group--can be expected to participate actively in the housing market. There has been some movement toward a more efficient allocation of housing. Because of economic forces, part of the mover households moved from their original apartments to apartments that were somehow inferior. Moreover the housing market allows poorer households to find housing more in keeping with their ability and willingness to pay for it. Many renters in Russia have chosen not to privatize their apartments, influenced largely by the sense of"occupation rights"inherited from the former Soviet Union. Many Russians have little incentive to privatize their housing, but data from Moscow and two smaller cities indicate that market ideas about searching for housing are beginning to penetrate the Russian public's mentality.Real Estate Development,Land andReal Estate Development,Municipal Housing and Land,Banks&Banking Reform,Housing&Human Habitats,Housing&Human Habitats,Urban Housing,Municipal Housing and Land,Real Estate Development,Land and Real Estate Development
Chapter Alla cieca e il testimone di secondo grado
No full textThe essay focuses on the modalities adopted by Magris in his novel, Alla cieca, to merge literature and civil engagement through a fine narrative construction. By populating his writing with precise documentary research and taking advantage of the possibilities of invention, the author succeeds in giving voice to minimum destinies of History and save their high moral lesson. This can also be seen through a comparative reading of the pages of the novel dealing with Tito’s gulag, Goli Otok, and Scotti’s book, which is a historical reconstruction provided by witnesses of the events suffered by Italians who lived there
Atskleidžiant su lytimi susijusius stereotipus būsimų globėjų šeimose
No full textOne of the acute social work issues in Ukraine is the deinstitutionalization of care for orphans and children left without parental care and the introduction of family care models. It is known that the success of such models largely depends on the motivations and values that inspire parents to place children, the socio-psychological characteristics of family members, gender aspects such as the distribution of household workload, the involvement of men in performing housework and care for children and so on.
Building on social role theory, we examine gender stereotypes of prospective foster parents in Kyiv, Ukraine. The exploration of femininity and masculinity stereotypes was carried out using the Sex-Role Inventory (Bem, 1974), while the assessment of ambivalent sexism in the attitudes toward women and men was done through using a short version of the methodology of Glick and Fiske (1996). 83 paricipants of the mandatory trainings for prospective foster parents were questioned.
Our study reveals that the prospective foster parents hold a biased set of beliefs. Almost a third of respondents’ responses concerning women show high indicators on the femininity scale and concerning men – on the masculinity scale. Also, respondents demonstrate a greater extent of benevolent rather than hostile sexism and describe a generalized image of women and men as androgynous individuals. High levels of hostility to feminism, especially among women, have been reported.
Ukraine has all legal grounds for gender equality. Thus, from the intersectional point of view, the study results highlight the impact of culture and social norms on perceptions of gender and gender stereotyping.
The paper ends with suggestions on training programs for both prospective foster parents and social workers, enchancing egalitarian family patterns and agency of women.Viena iš aktualių socialinio darbo problemų Ukrainoje – našlaičių ir be tėvų globos likusių vaikų globos deinstitucionalizavimas ir globos šeimoje modelių diegimas. Žinoma, kad tokių modelių sėkmė labai priklauso nuo motyvacijos ir vertybių, skatinančių tėvus globoti vaikus, šeimos narių socialinių ir psichologinių savybių, lyčių aspektų, kaip antai namų ūkio darbo krūvio paskirstymo, vyrų įsitraukimo į namų ruošos darbus ir rūpinimąsi vaikais ir kt. Remdamiesi socialinio vaidmens teorija, nagrinėjame būsimų globėjų lyčių stereotipus Kijeve, Ukrainoje. Moteriškumo ir vyriškumo stereotipai buvo tiriami naudojant Sex-Role Inventory (Bem, 1974), o ambivalentiško seksizmo požiūryje į moteris ir vyrus vertinimas atliktas naudojant trumpą Glicko ir Fiske (1996) metodikos versiją. Apklausti 83 būsimiems globėjams skirtų privalomųjų mokymų dalyviai.
Mūsų tyrimas atskleidė, kad būsimi globėjai turi šališkų įsitikinimų. Beveik trečdalis respondentų atsakymų apie moteris rodo aukštus rodiklius moteriškumo skalėje, o apie vyrus – vyriškumo skalėje. Be to, respondentai labiau demonstruoja geranorišką, o ne priešišką seksizmą ir pateikia apibendrintą moterų ir vyrų kaip androgeniškų asmenų įvaizdį. Buvo išsakytas didelis priešiškumas feminizmui, ypač tarp moterų.
Ukraina turi visus teisinius pagrindus lyčių lygybei. Taigi, intersekciniu požiūriu, tyrimo rezultatai išryškina kultūros ir socialinių normų įtaką lyties suvokimui ir lyčių stereotipams.
Darbo pabaigoje pateikiama pasiūlymų dėl mokymo programų, skirtų būsimiems globėjams ir socialiniams darbuotojams, gerinančių egalitarinius šeimos modelius ir moterų savarankiškumą
The problems of psychosocial functioning and professional support of children from internally displaced families in Ukraine
No full textCel: W pracy ukazano dylematy dotyczące dzieci pochodzących z rodzin imigrantów domowych na Ukrainie, których głównym problemem jest aspekt psychospołecznego funkcjonowania w środowisku.
Metoda: Analiza dokumentów.
Rezultaty: Opisano kierunki działań mające na celu stymulowanie rozwoju dziecka poprzez udzielanie pomocy psychologicznej w placówkach edukacyjnych lub ośrodkach usług socjalnych dla rodziny, dzieci i młodzieży, a także ukazano kierunki wsparcia wychowywania dziecka w środowisku rodzinnym. Przedstawiono niedociągnięcia i zalety tych przedsięwzięć, zarówno na szczeblu państwowym, jak i lokalnym.
Wnioski: Postulowano o stworzenie programu przedstawiającego rozwiązania głównych problemów dzieci przesiedleńców oraz utworzenie jednolitej instytucji, która będzie zajmować się wyłącznie kwestiami migrantów dziecięcych i świadczeniem usług socjalnych w celu rozwiązania problemów związanych z socjalizacją i edukacją dzieci. Zadanie to winno być priorytetowym celem polityki państwa ukraińskiego.Aim: The paper presents dilemmas concerning children from families of immigrants in Ukraine, where the main problem is the aspect of psychosocial functioning in the environment.
Methods: The article was written based on the text analysis.
Results: The directions of actions aimed at stimulating the child’s development by providing psychological help in educational institutions or social service centres for the family, children and youth were described, as well as directions of support for raising a child in the family environment. The shortcomings and advantages of these projects are presented, both at the state and local levels.
Conclusions: It was postulated to create a program presenting solutions to the main problems of displaced children and to create a unified institution that would only deal with issues of child migrants and the provision of social services to solve problems related to the socialization and education of children. This task should be a priority objective of Ukrainian state policy
La censura in Italia dall'Inquisizione alla Polizia
No full textLa censura in Italia dall’Inquisizione alla Polizia costituisce la prima storia della censura in Italia dall’introduzione della stampa alla fine dell’Ottocento. Il libro mette a frutto il grande movimento di ricerche sulla congregazione dell’Indice e la censura ecclesiastica seguito all’apertura dell’Archivio della congregazione per la Dottrina della Fede e vi connette le nascenti ricerche sulla censura politica e la nascita dei giornali per tracciare il lungo periodo della censura e individuare le forme e le cesure fondamentali che l’hanno caratterizzata. Oltre alle diverse fasi politico-religiose che ne hanno segnato l’evoluzione, l’autore individua due forme fondamentali di censura corrispondenti a due forme di potere: la censura religiosa o, in età contemporanea, ideologica, volta ad affermare una verità e proibire ciò che qualifica come errore, e la censura politica che impedisce la diffusione delle notizie verso il largo pubblico. Il primo tipo di censura informa un potere totalitario, il secondo tipo informa un governo autoritario.La censura in Italia dall’Inquisizione alla Polizia is the first history
of censorship in Italy from press importation to the beginning of unitarian State. The book makes use of several researches on Index Congregation and ecclesiastical censorship grown in the last years after the Opening of the Archive of the Congregation for Faith Doctrine and joins them with the new Researches on political censorship and the birth of newspapers in order to describe the “longue période” of censorship and single out its forms and characterize its discontinuities. The author individuates two basic forms of censorship related to two basic forms of power: the religious or ideological censorship that proclames a truth and forbids an error and the political censorship that prevents new’s diffusion to the large public
SCIENTIFIC CITATION: HISTORICAL AND THEORETICAL LANDSCAPE
No full text<p>The role of the citation process as a form of scientific communication in the historical context and in the modern framework of the paradigm of open science is analyzed; the typology and classification of scientific citation are summarized; and the main shortcomings are indicated, in particular, in attempts to evaluate scholars and research based on quantitative indicators of citations. The scientific novelty of the obtained results lies in modern interpretation of the scientific citation theory, including considering the latest trends in contextual citation analysis, modern technologies and services of open science affecting citation analysis and its applications at the macro level. The implementation of the open science paradigm is a current global trend, which includes, in particular, prompt and convenient access to the results and reuse of research data, more active collaboration among researchers. In the process of scientific communication in the global world, an important place is occupied by scientific citation, which analysis allows for not only bibliometric evaluations of researchers, studies, institutions, or even countries or subject areas, but also for conducting a comprehensive analysis of ideas, concepts, innovations, research on social systems of knowledge organization, and even forecasting the science development at the macro level. Modern technologies, tools, services, and standards allow these to be performed. However, citation rates should be treated responsibly in research assessment, maintaining a reasonable balance between qualitative (expert) and quantitative evaluation. The conducted research will allow for the development of the national theoretical base in the fields of bibliometrics and scientometrics and can also be applied to relevant projects, in particular the Open Ukrainian Scientific Citation Index (OUCI)</p>
Economic Impact of Rural Development Plan 2007 2013 in Tuscany
No full textIn 2007 in every European Union region, involved in the planning of Rural Development Plan (RDP), an independent evaluator should asses the impact of the plan in term of value added and productivity. Each region has adopted different methodologies but few of them have followed the indications of Common and Monitoring Evaluation Framework (CMEF) to evaluate the net value deriving by direct and indirect effect. IRPET, the Independent evaluator of Tuscany, utilising REMI-IRPET model has assed the impact of RDP on the main economic variables until 2020. Among 30 different measures it has been chosen only 5 of them that cover more than 54% of total amount of public and private investments. The economic impacts are also evaluated at provincial level.evaluation, regional model, rural development, Community/Rural/Urban Development,
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