42 research outputs found
Impact of early ICU admission on outcome of critically ill and critically ill cancer patients: A systematic review and meta-analysis.
No full textInternational audienceObjective: Prognostic impact of early ICU admission remains controversial. The aim of this review was to investigate the impact of early ICU admission in the general ICU population and in critically ill cancer patients and to report level of evidences of this later.Methods: Systematic review and meta-analysis performed on articles published between 1970 and 2017. Two authors extracted data. Influence of early ICU admission on mortality is reported as Risk Ratio (95%CI) using both fixed and random-effects model.Data synthesis: For general ICU population, 31 studies reporting on 73,213 patients were included (including 66,797 patients with early ICU admission) and for critically ill cancer patients 14 studies reporting on 2414 patients (including 1272 with early ICU admission) were included. Early ICU admission was associated with decreased mortality using a random effect model (RR 0.65; 95% confidence interval 0.58-0.73; I2 = 66%) in overall ICU population as in critically ill cancer patients (RR 0.69; 95% confidence interval 0.52-0.90; I2 = 85%). To explore heterogeneity, a meta-regression was performed. Characteristics of the trials (prospective vs. retrospective, monocenter vs. multicenter) had no impact on findings. Publication after 2010 (median publication period) was associated with a lower effect of early ICU admission (estimate 0.37; 95%CI 0.14-0.60; P = 0.002) in the general ICU population. A significant publication bias was observed.Conclusion: Theses results suggest that early ICU admission is associated with decreased mortality in the general ICU population and in CICP. These results were however obtained from high risk of bias studies and a high heterogeneity was noted. Systematic review registration: PROSPERO 2018 CRD42018094828
Tranexamic acid: a narrative review of its current role in perioperative medicine and acute medical bleeding
No full textPurposeTranexamic acid (TXA) is the most widely prescribed antifibrinolytic for active bleeding or to prevent surgical bleeding. Despite numerous large multi-center randomized trials involving thousands of patients being conducted, TXA remains underutilized in indications where it has demonstrated efficacy and a lack of harmful effects. This narrative review aims to provide basic concepts about fibrinolysis and TXA’s mode of action and is focused on the most recent and important trials evaluating this drug in different hemorrhagic situations.MethodsWe selected every low bias RCT, and we highlighted their strengths and limitations throughout this review.Principal findingsWhile TXA appears to have a favorable benefit–risk ratio in most situations (trauma, obstetrics, at-risk for bleeding surgeries) evidence of benefit is lacking in certain medical settings (SAH, digestive bleeding).ConclusionAlthough in some situations the drug’s effect on significant outcomes is modest, its favorable safety profile allows it to be recommended for trauma patients, in obstetrics, and in scheduled surgeries at risk of bleeding. However, it cannot be recommended in cases of spontaneous intracranial bleeding, subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH), or gastrointestinal bleeding
Tranexamic acid: a narrative review of its current role in perioperative medicine and acute medical bleeding
No full textInternational audiencePurpose : Tranexamic acid (TXA) is the most widely prescribed antifibrinolytic for active bleeding or to prevent surgical bleeding. Despite numerous large multi-center randomized trials involving thousands of patients being conducted, TXA remains underutilized in indications where it has demonstrated efficacy and a lack of harmful effects. This narrative review aims to provide basic concepts about fibrinolysis and TXA’s mode of action and is focused on the most recent and important trials evaluating this drug in different hemorrhagic situations. Methods : We selected every low bias RCT, and we highlighted their strengths and limitations throughout this review.Principal findings : While TXA appears to have a favorable benefit–risk ratio in most situations (trauma, obstetrics, at-risk for bleeding surgeries) evidence of benefit is lacking in certain medical settings (SAH, digestive bleeding). Conclusion : Although in some situations the drug’s effect on significant outcomes is modest, its favorable safety profile allows it to be recommended for trauma patients, in obstetrics, and in scheduled surgeries at risk of bleeding. However, it cannot be recommended in cases of spontaneous intracranial bleeding, subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH), or gastrointestinal bleeding
A phase 2 open-label pilot study of Remimazolam for sedation in critically ill patients
No full textInternational audienceIntroduction: Remimazolam is a novel benzodiazepine with an ultra-short half-life. It is a potentially interesting alternative for sedation in the Intensive Care Unit, but there is limited data regarding its use in critically ill patients.Methods: Phase 2, investigator-initiated, single-center, non-randomized, open-label study. Patients with an expected duration of sedation ≥ 24 h were eligible and received a maximum 48-h infusion of Remimazolam, with a dose ranging from 0.1 to 1 mg/min. The primary endpoint was a composite of the ability to reach a targeted sedation level without the use of another hypnotic drug and hemodynamic stability (no drop in mean arterial pressure ≤ 65 mmHg and no increase in norepinephrine dose ≥ 50% for more than 1 h), during the first 8 h after start. Secondary endpoints included the monitoring of Adverse Events (AE) and pharmacokinetics.Results: 30 patients were included with a median age of 60 [51-70] years, a SAPS II 38 [30-46], and a mortality rate of 23.3%. Fourteen (46.7%) patients met the primary endpoint. Ten (33.3%) patients received Remimazolam for 48 h and 4 (13.3%) patients received the highest dose. 54 AEs were reported in 23 patients and 11 were classified as Serious AEs in 8 patients. Ten AEs were related to Remimazolam. The pharmacokinetics analysis showed steady plasma levels throughout the infusion and rapid elimination after dosing discontinuation.Discussion: Remimazolam could be useful for sedation in the ICU but deserves further investigation before routine use.Trial registration: NCT04611425. Registered 2 November 2020
Randomized Controlled Trial of a Monoclonal Antibody against the Interleukin-2 Receptor (33B3.1) as Compared with Rabbit Antithymocyte Globulin for Prophylaxis against Rejection of Renal Allografts
No full textImpact of early ICU admission for critically ill cancer patients: Post-hoc analysis of a prospective multicenter multinational dataset.
No full textObjectives: Early intensive care unit (ICU) admission, in Critically Ill Cancer Patients (CICP), is believed to have contributed to the prognostic improvement of critically ill cancer patients. The primary objective of this study was to assess the association between early ICU admission and hospital mortality in CICP. Design: Retrospective analysis of a prospective multicenter dataset. Early admission was defined as admission in the ICU < 24 h of hospital admission. We assessed the association between early ICU admission and hospital mortality in CICP via survival analysis and propensity score matching. Results: Of the 1011patients in our cohort, 1005 had data available regarding ICU admission timing and were included. Overall, early ICU admission occurred in 455 patients (45.3%). Crude hospital mortality in patients with early and delayed ICU admission was 33.6% (n = 153) vs. 43.1% (n = 237), respectively (P = 0.02). After adjustment for confounders, early compared to late ICU admission was not associated with hospital mortality (HR 0.92; 95%CI 0.76–1.11). After propensity score matching, hospital mortality did not differ between patients with early (35.2%) and late (40.6%) ICU admission (P = 0.13). In the matched cohort, early ICU admission was not associated with mortality after adjustment on SOFA score (HR 0.89; 95%CI 0.71–1.12). Similar results were obtained after adjustment for center effect. Conclusion: In this cohort, early ICU admission was not associated with a better outcome after adjustment for confounder and center effect. The uncertainty with regard to the beneficial effect of early ICU on hospital mortality suggests the need for an interventional study.SCOPUS: ar.jinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishe
Prevalence of detected intracranial aneurysms in autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (adpkd) in 2796 patients from the genkyst cohort.
No full textInternational audienc
Sepsis and septic shock in patients with malignancies : a Groupe de Recherche Respiratoire en Réanimation Onco-Hématologique study
No full textObjectives:
Cancer affects up to 20% of critically ill patients, and sepsis is one of the leading reasons for ICU admission in this setting. Early signals suggested that survival might be increasing in this population. However, confirmation studies have been lacking. The goal of this study was to assess trends in survival rates over time in cancer patients admitted to the ICU for sepsis or septic shock over the last 2 decades.
Data Source:
Seven European ICUs.
Study Selection:
A hierarchical model taking into account the year of admission and the source dataset as random variables was used to identify risk factors for day 30 mortality.
Data Extraction:
Data from cancer patients admitted to ICUs for sepsis or septic shock were extracted from the Groupe de Recherche Respiratoire en Reanimation Onco-Hematologique database (1994-2015).
Data Synthesis:
Overall, 2,062 patients (62% men, median [interquartile range] age 59 yr [48-67 yr]) were included in the study. Underlying malignancies were solid tumors (n = 362; 17.6%) or hematologic malignancies (n = 1,700; 82.4%), including acute leukemia (n = 591; 28.7%), non-Hodgkin lymphoma (n = 461; 22.3%), and myeloma (n = 244; 11.8%). Two-hundred fifty patients (12%) underwent allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation and 640 (31.0%) were neutropenic at ICU admission. Day 30 mortality was 39.9% (823 deaths). The year of ICU admission was associated with significant decrease in day 30 mortality over time (odds ratio, 0.96; 95% CI, 0.93-0.98; p = 0.001). Mechanical ventilation (odds ratio, 3.25; 95% CI, 2.52-4.19; p < 0.01) and vasopressors use (odds ratio, 1.42; 95% CI, 1.10-1.83; p < 0.01) were independently associated with day 30 mortality, whereas underlying malignancy, allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, and neutropenia were not.
Conclusions:
Survival in critically ill oncology and hematology patients with sepsis improved significantly over time. As outcomes improve, clinicians should consider updating admission policies and goals of care in this population
A multifaceted strategy to optimize pharmacokinetics of antimicrobial therapy in patients with hospital-acquired infections—a monocentre quality improvement project
No full textInternational audienceObjective: We assessed the efficacy of a quality improvement programme to optimize the delivery of antimicrobial therapy in critically ill patients with hospital-acquired infections (HAI).Patients and methods: Before-after trial in a university hospital in France. Consecutive adults receiving systemic antimicrobial therapy for HAI were included. Patients received standard care during the pre-intervention period (June 2017 to November 2017). The quality improvement programme was implemented in December 2017. During the intervention period (January 2018 to June 2019), clinicians were trained to dose adjustment based on therapeutic drug monitoring and continuous infusion of β-lactam antibiotics. The primary endpoint was the mortality rate at day 90.Results: A total of 198 patients were included (58 pre-intervention, 140 intervention). The compliance with the therapeutic drug monitoring-dose adaptation increased from 20.3% to 59.3% after the intervention (P < 0.0001). The 90-day mortality rate was 27.6% in the pre-intervention period and 17.3% in the intervention group (adjusted relative risk 0.53, 95%CI 0.27-1.07, P = 0.08). Treatment failures were observed in 22 (37.9%) patients before and 36 (25.7%) patients after the intervention (P = 0.07).Conclusions: Recommendations for therapeutic drug monitoring-dose adaptation and continuous infusion of β-lactam antibiotics were not associated with a reduction in the 90-day mortality rate in patients with HAI
