14,921 research outputs found
白金微粒/Ru錯合物/高分子薄磨修飾電極之製備及其電催化應用
No full text[[abstract]]Membrane-metal modified cells are usually applied to the field of membrane cells, such as fuel cells, light cells… etc. Some hydrogen evolution catalysts, for example Pt metal, are used as the cathodes in these cells. Therefore, in this research, we try to dose a series of Ru complexes into the intervals between the cathode and the thin film electrode to improve the hydrogen evolution efficiency of the membrane-metal modified cells.
Ru complex (chosen from Ru(bpy)2phenNH2, Ru(dmb)2 phenNH2, Ru(tmb)2phenNH2, Ru(bpy)2Cl2, Ru(dmb)2Cl2, Ru(tmb)2Cl2) doped Nafion solution was drop-coated onto glassy carbon (GC) electrode and formed a thin film after drying. Then, the GC electrode was immersed into H2PtCl6 solution, and the Pt/Ru complex/polymer modified electrode was obtained by reducing Pt with a DPTB method. Different amount of Pt was electroplated on the GC electrode even at the same conditions (the same potential, the same time interval) when different consistency or kinds of Ru complexes were used, suggesting the influence of the ligands on the red-ox property of Ru complexes. The effective surface area (estimated by CV method) of Pt in the modified electrode is also varied with different species of Ru complexes, which in turn affect on the efficiency of hydrogen evolution.
Furthermore, from the information obtained by SEM and EDS, the alignment and the density of Pt particles growing on the GC electrode are figured out. From the fluorescence lifetime and luminescence spectra, a good electron-transfer is considered to have occurred between D series Ru complexes and Pt modified electrode that explained why a high hydrogen evolution efficiency has been obtained. The modified electrodes are still stable one month after fabricated and their hydrogen evolution efficiency was as good as a newly prepared one.
Size-controlled synthesis of thermal stable single-cored Ru@H-SiO2 core-shell nanoparticles
No full textSingle-cored Ru@H-SiO2 (H: hollow) core-shell nanoparticles (NPs) with around 4.3 nm Ru cores and hollow SiO2 shells were prepared successfully. In this synthetic process, we obtained multi-cored Ru@SiO2 NPs initially, single-cored RuO2@H-SiO2 NPs during treatment, and single-cored Ru@H-SiO2 NPs in the end. The Ru@SiO2 NPs were prepared by water-in-oil microemulsion method, and the size and core number of Ru@SiO2 NPs can be controlled. Single-cored RuO2@H-SiO2 NPs and Ru@H-SiO2 NPs were successively obtained by calcination and reduction. The structure showed promising aggregate-resistant performance and potential application in catalysis. (C) 2016 Published by Elsevier B.V
Particle interactions in electrophoresis: IV. Motion of arbitrary three-dimensional clusters of spheres
No full textSteady-state analysis and simulation of a BJT self-oscillatingZVS-CV ballast driven by a saturable transformer
No full textComplexos de rutênio aplicados em OLEDs: síntese e caracterização
No full textDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro de Ciências Físicas e Matemáticas, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Física, Florianópolis, 2015.Complexos de metais de transição (MT) têm se mostrado promissores para aplicações eletro-ópticas devido a sua intensa emissão de luz resultante da mistura de estados excitados singleto e tripleto através do acoplamento spin-órbita (SOC), que teoricamente permite um rendimento quântico ( ) de 100%. Complexos utilizando Ir, Pt, Cu, Os e Ru são os emissores fosforescentes mais conhecidos com estas características e têm sido extensivamente estudados nos últimos anos, principalmente os complexos de Ru, que são de particular interesse devido à sua versatilidade e facilidade de modificações moleculares. Desta forma, este trabalho apresenta a síntese, caracterização e aplicação em estruturas de diodos orgânicos emissores de luz (OLEDs) de quatro complexos de Ru: dois conhecidos na literatura (Ru(Bpy)3 e Ru(Phen)3) e dois inéditos (Ru(TDZP)3 e Ru(PhenSe)3). Os compostos foram sintetizados a partir de uma rota simples já conhecida e de bom rendimento. A caracterização estrutural foi feita a partir da espectroscopia de infravermelho (IV), espectroscopia Raman, espectroscopia de ressonância magnética nuclear de H (RMN 1H) e espectrometria de massa de alta resolução (HRMS). As propriedades térmicas foram investigadas através da termogravimetria (TGA). As propriedades fotofísicas dos compostos em solução e filme, bem como o band gap (Eg) ótico e o rendimento quântico ( ), foram obtidos a partir da espectroscopia óptica UV-vis. As propriedades eletroquímicas e os níveis de energia (HOMO, LUMO e Eg) foram estimados a partir da voltametria cíclica (CV). A caracterização morfológica dos filmes finos produzidos via spin-coating foi feita com um microscópio de força atômica (AFM). Um comparativo interno permitiu observar que os complexos estudados apresentam características estruturais, térmicas, óticas, eletroquímicas e morfológicas semelhantes. Os filmes produzidos via spin-coating foram posteriormente empregados como camada emissora (EL) em diferentes estruturas de OLED, as quais foram caracterizadas em suas propriedades elétricas, óticas e radiométricas. Em geral, os dispositivos operaram em baixas tensões e exibiram uma banda larga de emissão no vermelho-alaranjado decorrente das transições de caráter MLCT, típica dos complexos de Ru. As estruturas de dispositivo que empregaram PVK como camada transportadora de buracos (HTL) mostraram valores de potência de radiação inferiores. Os complexos inéditos, ao contrário do que se esperava, também apresentaram baixos valores de potência de radiação em relação aos jáconhecidos. No intuito de compreender os resultados obtidos a partir dos mecanismos intrínsecos dos dispositivos, foram realizados estudos de mobilidade através da aplicação de um modelo teórico. Por fim, um breve estudo utilizando as estruturas de diodo produzidas demonstrou que os complexos inéditos apresentaram propriedades de fotocorrente e potencial para aplicações fotovoltaicas.Abstract : Transition metal complexes (MT) have shown promising results for electro-optical applications due to their intense emission of light resulting from the mixture of singlet and triplet excited states through spin-orbit coupling (SOC), which theoretically allows quantum yield (F) of 100%. Complexes using of Ir, Pt, Cu, Os and Ru are the best known phosphorescent emitters with these characteristics and have been extensively studied in recent years, particularly the Ru complexes, which are of particular interest because of their versatility and facility for molecular changes. On this way, this study presents the synthesis, characterization and application on organic light emitting diodes (OLEDs) structures of four Ru complexes: two known in the literature (Ru (bpy)3 and Ru (phen)3) and two new (Ru (TDZP)3 and Ru (PhenSe)3). The compounds were synthesized from an already known simple route with good yield. Structural characterization was made from the infrared spectroscopy (IR), Raman spectroscopy, nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy NMR (NMR 1H) and high resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS). The thermal properties were studied by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The photophysical properties of the compounds in solution and film, as well as, the optical band gap (Eg) and the quantum yield (F), were obtained from optical UV-vis spectroscopy. The electrochemical properties and energy levels (HOMO, LUMO and Eg) were estimated by cyclic voltammetry (CV). The morphological characterization of thin films produced via spin-coating was made with an atomic force microscope (AFM). An internal comparison allowed us to notice that the studied complexes have similar structural, thermal, optical, electrochemical and morphological. The films produced via spin-coating were subsequently used as emitting layer (EL) in different OLED structures that were characterized in their electric, optical and radiometric properties. In general, the devices worked at low voltages and exhibited a wide emission band in the red-orange arising from the characteristic MLCT transitions, typical of Ru complexes. Device structures that employed PVK as hole transporting layer (HTL) showed lower radiation power values. The new complexes, contrary to what was expected, also had low radiation power values in relation to those already known. In order to understand the results obtained from the intrinsic mechanisms of the devices, studies of mobility were done by applying a theoretical model. Finally, a brief study using the diode structures produced showed that the newcomplexes exhibited photocurrent properties and potential for photovoltaic applications
cis,cis-[(bpy)(2)(RuO)-O-V](2)O4+ catalyzes water oxidation formally via in situ generation of radicaloid Ru-IV-O center dot
No full textThe mechanism of the catalytic oxidation of water by cis, cis-[(bpy)(2)Ru(OH2)](2)O4+ to give molecular dioxygen was investigated using Density Functional Theory ( DFT). A series of four oxidation and four deprotonation events generate the catalytically competent species cis, cis-[(bpy)(2)(RuO)-O-V](2)O4+, which breaks the H-OH bond homolytically at the rate determining transition state to give a hydroperoxo intermediate. Our calculations predict a rate determining activation barrier of 25.9 kcal/mol in solution phase, which is in reasonable agreement with the previously reported experimental estimate of 18.7-23.3 kcal/mol. A number of plausible coupling schemes of the two metal sites including strong coupling, weak ferromagnetic and weak antiferromagnetic coupling have been considered. In addition, both high-spin and low-spin states at each of the Ru(V)-d(3) centers were explored and we found that the high-spin states play an important mechanistic role. Our calculations suggest that cis, cis-[(bpy)(2)(RuO)-O-V](2)O4+ performs formally an intramolecular ligand-to-metal charge transfer when reacting with water to formally give a cis, cis-[(bpy)(2)(RuO)-O-IV center dot](2)O4+ complex. We propose that the key characteristic of the diruthenium catalyst that allows it to accomplish the most difficult first two oxidations of the overall four-electron redox reaction is directly associated with this in situ generation of two radicaloid oxo moieties that promote the water splitting reaction. A proton coupled metal-to-metal charge transfer follows to yield a Ru(V)/Ru(III) peroxo/aqua mixed valence complex, which performs the third redox reaction to give the superoxo/aqua complex. Finally, intersystem crossing to a ferromagnetically coupled Ru(IV)/Ru(III) superoxo/aqua species is predicted, which will then promote the last redox event to release triplet dioxygen as the final product. A number of key features of the computed mechanism are explored in detail to derive a conceptual understanding of the catalytic mechanism
Ru jia si xiang yu xian dai shi jie
No full textBen shu suo shou ru de lun wen shi zhong yang yan jiu yuan zhong guo wen zhe yan jiu suo tui dong de " dang dai ru xue zhu ti yan jiu ji hua " di yi qi zhi bu fen cheng guo. bao gua " fo xue, xi xue yu dang dai xin ru jia -- hong guan de zhe xue kao cha " deng lun we
Hidrodeoksigenasi Asam Stearat menggunakan Katalis Ru/Al2O3 dan Ru/MgO
No full textAsam stearat merupakan salah satu asam lemak yang terdapat dalam minyak nabati yang dapat dikonversi menjadi bahan bakar alternatif. Dalam penelitian ini dilakukan reaksi hidrodeoksigenasi asam stearat menggunakan katalis berbasis ruthenium dengan penyangga asam dan basa, yaitu Ru/Al2O3 dan Ru/MgO. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah menentukan karakterisasi katalis, i pengaruh sifat asam-basa penyangga pada reaksi ini dan kondisi optimum proses. Katalis Ru/Al2O3 dan Ru/MgO disintesis dengan kadar Ru sebesar 5%. Reaksi hidrodeoksigenasi asam stearat dilakukan pada reaktor batch dengan pelarut air dengan memvariasikan suhu, tekanan dan penyangga katalis. Karakterisasi menggunakan XRD menghasilkan puncak difraksi pada 2θ= 44° yang merupakan puncak khas logam Ru, hasil ini berkorelasi dengan hasil TEM yang membuktikan partikel Ru telah terdispersi dengan baik pada penyangga katalis. Hasil SAA menunjukkan penurunan luas permukaan Al2O3 dari 123,3723 m2/g menjadi 120,5481 m2/g dan MgO dari 23,9688 m2/g menjadi 17,0501 m2/g akibat impregnasi logam pada penyangga katalis, serta hasil TGA yang menunjukkan dekomposisi RuCl3 pada suhu 350°C. Kondisi terbaik HDO untuk katalis Ru/Al2O3 dan Ru/MgO dalam menghasilkan produk senyawa alkana yaitu pada suhu 300°C, tekanan awal 40 bar selama 1 jam dengan konversi masing-masing 99,5% dan 87,8% serta konsentrasi alkana sebesar 16,63 mM dan 2,64 mM
Generating time series reference models based on event analysis
No full textCreating a reference model that represents a given set of time series is a relevant problem as it can be applied to a wide range of tasks like diagnosis, decision support, fraud detection, etc. In some domains, like seismography or medicine, the relevant information contained in the time series is concentrated in short periods of time called events. In this paper, we propose a technique for generating time series reference models based on the analysis of the events they contain. The proposed technique has been applied to time series from two medical domains: Electroencephalography, a neurological procedure to record the electrical activity produced by the brain and Stabilometry, a branch of medicine studying balance-related functions in human beings
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