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Instructions for the Grave: The Case of Yan Zhitui
No full textLes "Dispositions finales " (concernant surtout ses funérailles et sa tombe) terminent les "Admonitions familiales" de Yan Zhitui, grand-père du commentateur du Han shu, Yan Shigu. Ce texte de la fin du VIe siècle témoigne de l'attachement de son auteur au Bouddhisme, dont il recommande la lecture des Ecritures et l'observance de l'Ullambana, et au Confucianisme, en particulier en ce qui concerne la piété filiale. On connaît par ailleurs le dédain de Yan Zhitui pour la quête taoïste de l'immortalité. Son "testament" est spécialement intéressant par sa volonté de funérailles simples (bozang) afin que leur modestie compense l'insuffisance des honneurs funéraires qu'il a rendus à sa mère dans des circonstances difficiles. Ses exigences, parmi lesquelles le refus d'un certain nombre d'objets usuels dans l'équipement des tombes, semblent obéir à des raisons spécifiques.
Les objets usuels dont il est question, l'archéologie nous a appris à les connaître, surtout dans des tombes d 'époques plus anciennes, sans toujours nous en expliquer le sens. Si Yan Zhitui accepte un cercueil de pin avec image de la Grande Ourse (tradition funéraire dont nous avons des traces juqu 'à l'époque des descriptions de De Groot, à la fin du XIXe siècle), il refuse de la cire, les gâchettes d'arbalète (engin apotropaïque), le porcelet de jade (symbole d'un au-delà paisible?), des figurines anthropomorphes métalliques (substituts du défunt lui prêtant main-forte dans l'au-delà).
Les relevés archéologiques (cf. Tableau) semblent montrer que le porcelet de jade a pu se diffuser du Sud vers le Nord de la Chine à une époque où certes les réfugiés venus du Sud dans le Nord, comme Yan Zhitui, étaient nombreux, mais où les historiens avaient tendance à considérer que c 'était l 'émigration du Nord qui imposait sa culture au Sud.
Passant de l'archéologie à l'étude des inscriptions funéraires (souvent pourvues d'inventaires) contemporaines de Yan Zhitui dans la région de Turfan, notre attention est attirée par une inscription de 558. Elle nous montre que les objets que Yan Zhitui semble récuser par modestie et piété filiale pouvaient bien relever d'un contexte de sotériologie bouddhique assez comparable au contexte taoïste dont Anna Seidel étudiait la préfiguration dans ses "Traces of Han Religion in Funeral Texts Found in Tombs ".Dien Albert E. Instructions for the Grave: The Case of Yan Zhitui. In: Cahiers d'Extrême-Asie, vol. 8, 1995. Mémorial Anna Seidel. Religions traditionnelles d'Asie orientale. Tome I. pp. 41-58
Yan Zhitui’s Concepts of Virtue and Happiness and Thoughts on the Mandate of Heaven
No full textAcademic attention has long been accorded to Yan Zhitui and his Family Instructions for the Yan Clan; however, the Confucian philosophical dimensions of his thought remain underexplored. This article will analyze his concepts of Virtue and Happiness alongside his thoughts on the Mandate of Heaven to explore how he found his place in the chaotic landscape of the Northern and Southern Dynasties. Reacting to the contemporary trend of pursuing high-ranking posts and generous emoluments while disregarding morality, Yan Zhitui first defined the connotations of Virtue and Happiness. He then established a causal relationship between them through the correspondence between Name and Reality, an act which reestablished the central position of Virtue. To address the conflict between Virtue and Happiness, his response was to trace its root cause and divide the Mandate of Heaven into two dimensions: Virtue and Time. Transcendental assurance for the core status of Virtue and the unity of Virtue and Happiness is provided by the former dimension, while the latter’s uncontrollability, in comparison, offers an explanation for contradictory realities. Based on this understanding, Yan Zhitui’s guidance urged individuals to adhere to the Way and uphold virtue while observing the macro situation and micro signs, and to wait for the right moment for the unity of Virtue and Happiness to be realized. The flourishing of Buddhism during the Northern and Southern Dynasties was also a significant influence; therefore, Yan Zhitui’s thoughts on the Mandate of Heaven absorbed Buddhist karma theory. This process formed a model that employed Confucianism as its foundation and Buddhism as its supplement
Family Instructions for the Yan Clan and Other Works by Yan Zhitui (531–590s)
Full text linkThis is a new, accurate translation into English, with critical introduction and notes and based on recent scholarship, of Yan Zhitui’s (531–590s) complete literary works, including his famous Family Instructions, his self-annotated poetic autobiography, a never-before-translated fragmented rhapsody questioning the phenomena of the natural world, and his extant poems. The appendix provides a translation of Yan’s biographies in dynastic histories
Yan Zhitui and Yan Family Instructions：a Wizard in the History of Chinese Archives and a Treasure in Collections of Archives
No full text颜之推是中国档案史上的奇才,学问极为渊博精深,思想颇为先进。本文首先介绍了颜之推的生平及其可敬之处,再通过对其所著的《颜氏家训》内容的分析后,指出该书是像《尚书》、《国语》那样的以记言为主的档案文献汇编珍品,凸显了颜之推对档案文献编纂所作出的重要贡献。Yan Zhitui,with profound knowledge and advanced thoughts,is a wizard in the history of Chinese archives. This paper introduces the life of Yan Zhitui and his honorable merits,and analyzes the content of his work Yah Family Instructions. This book,a treasure in collections of archives like Ancient Chinese Book and Guoyu,makes Yah Zhitui outstanding in archival documents compilation
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
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