1,720,978 research outputs found
Peran Vitamin D pada Penyakit Respiratori Anak
Full text linkFungsi utama vitamin D yang telah lama dikenal adalah pada pengaturan metabolisme kalsium yang berefek pada tulang. Pengetahuan tentang fungsi ini berkembang karena banyak penemuan keadaan defisiensi vitamin D yang dihubungkan dengan berbagai penyakit. Penyakit pada organ respiratori merupakan salah satu kelompok penyakit yang mengalami keterkaitan dengan defisiensi dan insufisiensi vitamin D. Vitamin D dapat berperan sebagai imunomodulator pada sistem imun ilmiah maupun adaptif, sehingga dapat dipertimbangkan sebagai salah satu alternatif untuk suplemen terapi baik pada pencegahan maupun pengobatan penyakit yang berhubungan dengan respiratori, seperti tuberkulosis, infeksi respiratori akut, dan asma. Suplementasi vitamin D yang diberikan berupa dosis harian atau dosis tunggal. Vitamin D yang direkomendasikan adalah vitamin D3 tidak aktif yaitu kolekalsiferol
Retropharyngeal abscess, submandibular abscess, and regio colli abscess with bronchopneumonia in a 2.5-month-old boy
Full text linkDeep neck space infections (DNSIs) in pediatric require more intimate management because of their rapidly progressive nature. Delay in diagnosis and treatment may lead to life-threatening complications. Objective: To report DNSIs as one of emergency case in children. Early diagnosis and immediate management can decrease morbidity and mortality rate in children. Case: A case of a 2.5-month-old boy with chief complain breathlessness due to deep neck space infections and bronchopneumonia. Patient was getting better after surgical drainage. Conclusions: It most commonly occurs in children younger than four years of age having medical history of streptococcal pharyngitis, rarely as a complication of recent trauma, odontogenic infection or extension of vertebral osteomyelitis. Management often consists of antimicrobial therapy and surgical drainage. With the cooperation of ENT specialist and pediatrician/pediatric infectious disease specialist. Management in PICU is mandatory due to high risk of complications
Profil Balita Penderita Infeksi Saluran Nafas Akut Atas di Poliklinik Anak RSUP DR. M. Djamil Padang Tahun 2012-2013
Full text linkInfeksi Saluran Nafas Akut Atas (ISPA atas) adalah infeksi pada saluran pernafasan di atas laring, yang merupakan penyebab utama morbiditas dan mortalitas anak berusia di bawah lima tahun. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui gambaran balita penderita ISPA atas yang berobat ke poliklinik anak RSUP DR. M. Djamil Padang tahun 2012-2013. Penelitian ini bersifat deskriptif dengan menggunakan data rekam medik balita penderita ISPA atas pada tahun 2012-2013. Seluruh anggota populasi dijadikan sampel sesuai kriteria inklusi dan eksklusi sehingga diperoleh jumlah sampel sebanyak 95 orang. Hasil penelitian yang didapatkan yaitu 54,7% balita penderita ISPA atas adalah laki-laki, 68,4% pada kelompok usia 12-<60 bulan, 84,2% berstatus gizi baik dan 62% bertempat tinggal di daerah rural di Kota Padang. Pada tahun 2012, kejadian ISPA atas terbanyak terjadi pada bulan Agustus yaitu sebesar 8,4% dan pada tahun 2013 kejadian terbanyak terjadi pada bulan April dan November yaitu sebesar 7,4%.Berdasarkan hasil penelitian ini disimpulkan bahwa kejadian ISPA atas terbanyak adalah laki-laki, pada kelompok balita, dengan status gizi baik, dan umumnya bertempat tinggal di daerah rural. Kejadian ISPA atas ditemukan hampir setiap bulan pada tahun 2012-2013. Berdasarkan hal tersebut, diperlukan peningkatan pemberian informasi kepada ibu yang mempunyai bayi dan balita mengenai penyakit ISPA serta faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhinya agar angka morbiditas akibat ISPA dapat berkurang
Cultural and Religious Belief Approaches of a Tuberculosis Program for Hard-to-Reach Populations in Mentawai and Solok West Sumatera, Indonesia
Full text linkTuberculosis (TB) is a leading public health concern in Indonesia. It ranks second on the list of high-burden TB countries. In West Sumatra, 47% of TB cases are undetected, late diagnosed, and received incomplete treatment because of low-level awareness and knowledge and stigma, especially among the hardest to reach populations. The study aims to identify the best communication channel to reach those who live in vulnerable and remote areas. This study was a qualitative study applying in-depth interviews to the informal leaders, health officers, cultural artists, and religious leaders across districts in Mentawai and Solok Districts, which are remote and had the lowest case detection rates compared with other districts. The questionnaire was prepared with the perception of the channel to identify TB cases. The data were analyzed using the content analysis technique. Involving religious and informal leaders and using traditional music as a communication channel improved the population's awareness of TB symptoms and access to TB testing and treatment, as well as reduced TB-related stigma. This study found that the cultural and religious contexts play a major role in health communication on TB control for hard-to-reach populations in West Sumatera, Indonesia
MEAN DIFFERENCE OF ZINC AND SELENIUM LEVELS AND TUBERCULOSIS OUTCOMES IN CHILDREN RECEIVING TREATMENT IN INDONESIA
Full text linkBackground: Tuberculosis (TB) remains a significant health issue, particularly among children in TB-endemic regions. Micronutrient deficiencies, such as zinc and selenium, may influence TB treatment outcomes. However, the relationship between these micronutrients and TB outcomes in children is not well-established in Indonesia. This study aimed to investigate the mean difference of zinc and selenium levels on TB treatment outcomes in children receiving treatment in Padang, Indonesia.
Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted at the district level hospitals in Padang City, Indonesia, from April to October 2024. The study included children aged 1–14 years diagnosed with TB and receiving treatment. Serum zinc and selenium levels were measured using Chemiluminescent Immunoassay (ECLIA). The treatment outcomes were categorized as success (cured and completed treatment) or failure (death, treatment failure, or default).
Results: Zinc levels were significantly lower in the failure group (71.61±8.18 ng/mL) compared to the success group (79.72±8.12 ng/mL) (P<0.05). Similarly, selenium levels were lower in the failure group (89.56±23.47 ng/mL) compared to the success group (115.09±17.86 ng/mL) (P<0.05).
Conclusion: The study found a significant association between lower zinc and selenium levels and unsuccessful TB treatment outcomes in children. These findings suggest that addressing micronutrient deficiencies may play an important role in improving TB treatment outcomes in pediatric populations. Further research is needed to explore potential interventions to improve micronutrient status in TB patients
ANALISA PELAKSANAAN INVESTIGASI KONTAK DAN PEMBERIAN TERAPI PENCEGAHAN TUBERKULOSIS PADA ANAK DI KOTA PARIAMAN TAHUN 2020
Full text linkTuberkulosis (TB) anak merupakan penyakit yang menjadi permasalahan kesehatan baik ditingkat Global, Nasional, sampai ketingkat kabupaten/kota. Dampak tidak dilakukannya penemuan kasus TB pada anak terutama balita yaitu beresiko tertular kuman TB yang menyebabkan balita menjadi sakit TB. Jika tidak diobati maka balita akan mengalami TB berat hingga terjadinya kematian. Masih rendahnya penemuan kasus TB pada balita disebabkan penemuan kasus masih bersifat pasif, yaitu menunggu di Puskesmas. Kebijakan Kementerian Kesehatan RI dalam penemuan kasus yaitu menggunakan pelaksanaan investigasi kontak TB. Penemuan kasus TB anak di Kota Pariaman 3 (tiga) tahun terakhir mengalami penurunan dan pemberian terapi pencegahan pada balita di Kota Pariaman belum pernah dilaksanakan dalam 3 (tiga) tahun tarakhir ini. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk melihat gambaran pelaksanaan investigasi kontak dan pemberian terapi pencegahan di Kota Pariaman Tahun 2020. Metode yang dipakai pada penelitian ini yaitu menggunakan mix methode. Hasil penelitian pelaksanaan investigasi kontak TB belum berjalan optimal yang disebabkan karena masih lemahnya pernecanaan program TB sehingga tidak adanya anggaran khusus dalam pelaksanaan investigasi kontak. Selain perencanaan yang lemah, penyebab belum optimalnya pelaksanaan investigasi kontak adalah masih kurangnya koordinasi serta monitoring dan evaluasi baik dari tingkat Dinas Kesehatan maupun dari pihak Puskesmas.Kata kunci: TB balita, investigasi kontak TB, Terapi Pencegahan T
Hubungan antara Lama Ketuban Pecah Dini dengan Skor Apgar Neonatus di RSUP dr. M. Djamil Padang
No full textKetuban Pecah Dini (KPD) merupakan keadaan dimana pecahnya selaput ketuban setiap saat sebelum ada tanda persalinan. KPD merupakan salah kehamilan beresiko tinggi, karena semakin lama KPD akan semakin meningkatkan resiko morbiditas pada bayi. Skor Apgar merupakan metode yang digunakan untuk menilai bayi baru lahir. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah menentukan hubungan antara lama KPD dan skor apgar neonatus. Penelitian analitik ini menggunakan desain penelitian cross sectional study. Populasi penelitian adalah seluruh rekam medik RSUP Dr. M. Djamil Padang yang didiagnosis sebagai kasus ketuban pecah dini selama periode Januari 2010 sampai Desember 2011. Sampel diambil dari seluruh populasi yang memenuhi kriteria restriksi secara total sampling, sehingga didapatkan 164 sampel yang memenuhi kriteria. Hasil penelitian ini menemukan insiden KPD di RSUP Dr. M. Djamil Padang yaitu 8,1%. Pasien dengan KPD kurang dari 6 jam didapatkan skor Apgar baik 95 kasus (57,9%) dan skor apgar buruk 4 kasus (2,4%), sedangkan KPD lebih dari 6 jam didapatkan skor apgar baik 5 kasus (3%) dan skor Apgar buruk 60 kasus (36,6%). Analisis bivariat menggunakan uji chi-square diperoleh nilai p = 0.485 (p > 0.05). Simpulan penelitian ini adalah tidak terdapat hubungan antara lama KPD dengan skor Apgar neonatus di RSUP Dr. M. Djamil Padang
SARS-CoV-2 Serology Antibody in Children with MIS-C (Multiple Inflammatory Syndrome in Children) Suspected
Full text linkBackground: Multiple inflammatory syndromes in children (MIS-C) relate to COVID-19 severity in children. SARS-CoV-2 serology antibody is one of the diagnostic tools of MIS-C. The study aimed to describe the yield of serology antibodies of MIS-C and some characteristics found in hospitalized children with MIS-C suspects.
Methods: This research was an analytic observational study. The data were collected retrospectively from some children who were hospitalized in Dr. M. Djamil General Hospital, Padang, West Sumatra, Indonesia, from April - June 2021. The inclusion criteria were children aged 1 month to 18 years, with or without contact history with the person who probable or confirmed COVID-19 and have signs and symptoms as MIS-C base on WHO criteria.
Results: About eight out of 44 children showed positive serology antibodies and were diagnosed as MISC (18,2%). Based on demographic characteristics, children aged 11-15 years (27.3%) and boys were more affected (52.3%) as MIS-C suspected. Most of them were referred from a 2nd-level hospital outside Padang City (70.4%), but only 13.6% had a history of contact with COVID-19 confirmation patients. There was a significant difference in cardiovascular signs and symptoms between positive and negative serology antibody SARS-CoV-2 among children with MIS-C suspected (p<0.05), but not in fever, respiratory distress, gastrointestinal, neurology symptoms, either in laboratory results such as leukocytes, CRP and D-dimmer. Intravenous immunoglobulin, steroid, and PICU admitted showed no significant differences between the 2 groups, but more death prevalence in positive than negative. However, no significant differences (12.5% vs. 11.1%, p>0.05).
Conclusion: Cardiovascular signs and symptoms could be proposed to be one of the significant differences in clinical conditions to differentiated children with MIS-C suspected and MIS-C due to serology antibody results
Development and modification Sobel edge detection in tuberculosis X-ray images
Get PDFTuberculosis (TB), a major global health threat caused by mycobacterium tuberculosis, claims lives across all age groups, underscoring the urgent need for accurate diagnostic methods. Traditional TB diagnosis using X-ray images faces challenges in detection accuracy, highlighting a critical problem in medical imaging. Addressing this, our study investigates the use of image processing techniques-specifically, a dataset of 112 TB X-ray images-employing pre-processing, segmentation, edge detection, and feature extraction methods. Central to our method is the adoption of a modified Sobel edge detection technique, named modification and extended magnitude gradient (MEMG), designed to enhance TB identification from X-ray images. The effectiveness of MEMG is rigorously evaluated against the gray-level co-occurrence matrix (GLCM) parameters, contrast, and correlation, where it demonstrably surpasses the standard Sobel detection, amplifying the contrast value by over 50% and achieving a correlation value nearing 1. Consequently, the MEMG method significantly improves the clarity and detail of TB-related anomalies in X-ray images, facilitating more precise TB detection. This study concludes that leveraging the MEMG technique in TB diagnosis presents a substantial advancement over conventional methods, promising a more reliable tool for combating this global health menace
Delayed Bochdalek Diaphragmatic Hernia Appearance and Coincidence with Pneumonia in One-Year-Old Baby: A Case Report
Full text linkBackground: Congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) is a developmental defect in the diaphragm leading to protrusion of abdominal contents into the thoracic cavity. The incidence rates showed that this disease happened to one in 2,200-3,000 births. This study aimed to describe a case of delayed Boschdalek diaphragmatic hernia and coincidence with pneumonia in a one-year-old baby.
Case Presentation: A 12-month-old girl came to the emergency room of Dr. M. Djamil General Hospital with a chief complaint of breathlessness for 2 days before admission to the hospital. She had difficulty gaining weight, only about 200 grams per month. The symptoms are breathlessness, cyanosis, asymmetry of lung sounds, change in the position of the heart sound, and scaphoid abdomen. The chest X-ray showed the opacity loops, which are fluid-filled, suggestive left diaphragmatic hernia.
Conclusion: Pneumonia-like symptoms and signs could be an initial or coincidence with delayed presentation of Bochdalek hernia diaphragmatic
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