15 research outputs found
The right to the return of African cultural heritage : a human rights perspective
No full textThesis (LLM (Human Rights and Democratisation in Africa)) -- University of Pretoria, 2007.A Dissertation submitted to the Faculty of Law University of Pretoria, in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree Masters of Law (LLM in Human Rights and Democratisation in Africa). Prepared under the supervision of Prof. Andreas Eshete of the Faculty of Law, University of Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.This research focuses on how many African cultural objects found their way to Western museums or private collections. Therefore the author examines to what extent African states have succeeded in their quest for the return of their cultural
objects and what the inadequacies in the current international legal regime for the return of cultural objects are. Can the return of African cultural objects properly be identified as a human right issue and will such identification present better chances for their return?
Also look at how existing international human rights mechanisms are applied in the quest for the return of African cultural objects. Focuses on the specific African countries of Nigeria and Ethiopia in respect of their efforts towards the return of their tangible and moveable cultural heritage.http://www.chr.up.ac.za/Centre for Human RightsLL
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No full textThis poem is about the author’s experience as an international student in Canada. It analyzes and describes the reasons behind the isolation and aloneness she felt as a foreigner. The piece challenges its audience to open their mentality to a different perspective and alternate versions of reality. The poem also briefly describes the kind of background and culture the author comes from using juxtaposition. Phrases like “the fortitude of our broken ship” and “the bliss of our dark humor” depict the nature of her origin and its complexity. Finally, she seems to demand respect or attention to the relevance of her country’s history as the land of origins. The author is proud of her Ethiopian heritage, history, and culture. This poem is her attempt to find belongingness in her new dwelling by bringing a token of her identity from her roots
Evaluation of Maize Covered Smut (Ustilago maydis) Management Options in Eastern Amhara, Ethiopia
No full textMaize, one of the most important cereal crops in the world, faces severe production constraints in Ethiopia due to covered smut disease. Field experiments were conducted at Sirinka and Cheffa during the 2022-2023 cropping seasons to evaluate management practices against maize covered smut. Seven treatments consist of five fungicides, cow urine, hot water, and untreated control, arranged in a randomized complete block design with three replications. The study found notable variations in disease intensity, maize grain yield, and yield components among the treatments. The application of proceed plus fungicide and the use of cow urine treatments were effective in reducing maize covered smut disease and higher yields of maize compared to other treatments and control plots. The combined analysis indicated that the highest maize grain yield (3120 and 2806 kg.ha-1) was recorded from carboxin + thiram + imidacloprid, and triadimefon fungicide-treated plots, followed by cow urine seed treatment (2649 kg.ha-1), while the lowest (1601 kg.ha-1) was recorded from untreated control plot. The highest net benefit (125310 ETB) was obtained from carboxin + thiram + imidacloprid, followed by Triadimefon (112986.8 ETB) and cow urine (107084.5 ETB) treated plots. Therefore, based on the partial economic analysis result, carboxin + thiram + imidacloprid fungicide and cow urine as a seed treatment are recommended for maize producers
Incidence of mortality and its predictors among septic shock patients admitted to the intensive care unit of comprehensive specialized hospitals in the northwest of Amhara, Ethiopia
No full textIntroductionSeptic shock is a global health issue causing high mortality rates in intensive care units, with limited evidence in Africa, including Ethiopia, regarding its incidence and predictors. The aim of this study was assess the incidence and predictors of mortality among patients with septic shock admitted to the ICU of Comprehensive Specialized Hospitals of the Northwest Amhara region.MethodsA study involving 386 ICU patients with septic shock from 2019 to 2023 was conducted using a random sampling method and structured data extraction tool. Data was analyzed using EpiData and STATA, with variables selected for multivariate analysis.ResultThe overall incidence rate of septic shock was 10.4 per 100-person day of observation with a median survival time of 7, days and the proportion of deaths during the study period was 58.29%. In multivariate Cox proportional regression analysis, age 40–59 years (HR: 1.77, p = 0.005), age > 60 years (HR: 3.52, p < 0.001), delay ICU admission (HR: 1.93, p = 0.001), low MAP (HR: 2.56, p < 0.001), comorbidity (HR: 2.74, p < 0.001), complication (HR: 1.87, p = 0.012), ALF (HR: 1.84, p = 0.037), no pathogen identification (HR: 1.69, p = 0.035) were found significant predictors of mortality for patients with septic shock in the ICU.ConclusionThe incidence of mortality in patients with septic shock admitted to the ICU was high and the main predictors were age> 60 years, low MAP, comorbidity, and delay ICU admission >6 h, Hence, Early recognition and appropriate treatment recommended by the International Sepsis Survival Campaign guideline should be implemented
Wood biomass functions for Acacia abyssinica trees and shrubs and implications for provision of ecosystem services in a community managed exclosure in Tigray, Ethiopia
No full textIn the Ethiopian highlands, remarkable recovery of vegetation has been achieved using exclosures, protecting vegetation against livestock browsing and firewood harvesting. But these emerging forest resources require tools for sustainable use, implying knowledge on biomass stocks and growth. In this study we developed biomass functions estimating total, stem and branch biomass from diameter at stump height (DSH) and tree height (H) for an 11-year old exclosure in Tigray, Ethiopia. In a systematic
grid of 55 plots, DSH and H of all trees and shrubs were recorded. 40 Acacia abyssinica trees were selected
for destructive sampling. Allometric relationships using a natural logelog model were established between
aboveground biomass, DSH and H. Models with only DSH were found best with R2 between 0.95
and 0.98. The functions were 10 fold cross-validated and R2
_cv ranged from 0.94 to 0.97, indicating good
model performance. The models were found well in range with those of other seasonal forests in East
Africa. Total aboveground biomass was estimated 25.4 ton ha1 with an annual production of 2.3 ton ha 1, allowing sustainable wood fuel use for 4 persons ha1. The presented predictive functions help to harmonize between ecological and societal objectives and are as such a first step towards an integrated planning tool for exclosures.sponsorship: The study was funded by the Swedish International Development Agency (SIDA), as part of the support to the forestry education in Ethiopia. The first author acknowledges a PhD grant from the VLIR IUC program with Mekelle University. (Swedish International Development Agency (SIDA), VLIR IUC program, Mekelle University)status: Publishe
Performance Evaluation of Small white Common Bean Genotypes in Eastern Amhara, Ethiopia
No full textCommon bean regional variety trial was carried out at Sirinka, Jari, Cheffa and West belesa (Gondar) from 2017 to 2019 cropping season. The objectives of the trial were to evaluate the performance of genotypes for grain yield and yield related traits and to select and promote the promising ones for verification. Fourteen genotypes including Awash-2 (standard check) were tested using RCBD. Analysis of variance and GGE biplot analysis was employed on multi-environment grain yield data. The combined analysis of variance showed significant differences for both main and interaction effects of genotypes, locations which led to exploit the significant effect of genotype-by-environment interaction. Based on the analysis of variance and GGE biplot analysis, two varieties namely DAB-413 and ZABR 16575-51 F-22 with average grain yield of 2729 kg/ha and 2501 kg/ha, respectively were selected, verified and DAB-413 and have been released for Sirinka, Jari, Cheffa and similar areas in Ethiopia. Therefore, DAB-413 has been recommended for the tested and other similar common bean growing areas to increase production and productivity of this crop.
The investigation and design of a piezoelectric active vibration control system for vertical machining centres
No full textAuthor Correction: Mapping local patterns of childhood overweight and wasting in low- and middle-income countries between 2000 and 2017
No full textThe burden of unintentional drowning: global, regional and national estimates of mortality from the Global Burden of Disease 2017 Study.
No full textFranklin RC, Peden AE, Hamilton EB, et al. The burden of unintentional drowning: global, regional and national estimates of mortality from the Global Burden of Disease 2017 Study. Injury prevention : journal of the International Society for Child and Adolescent Injury Prevention. 2020:injuryprev-2019-043484.BACKGROUND: Drowning is a leading cause of injury-related mortality globally. Unintentional drowning (International Classification of Diseases (ICD) 10 codes W65-74 and ICD9 E910) is one of the 30 mutually exclusive and collectively exhaustive causes of injury-related mortality in the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) study. This study's objective is to describe unintentional drowning using GBD estimates from 1990 to 2017.; METHODS: Unintentional drowning from GBD 2017 was estimated for cause-specific mortality and years of life lost (YLLs), age, sex, country, region, Socio-demographic Index (SDI) quintile, and trends from 1990 to 2017. GBD 2017 used standard GBD methods for estimating mortality from drowning.; RESULTS: Globally, unintentional drowning mortality decreased by 44.5% between 1990 and 2017, from 531956 (uncertainty interval (UI): 484107 to 572854) to 295210 (284493 to 306187) deaths. Global age-standardised mortality rates decreased 57.4%, from 9.3 (8.5 to 10.0) in 1990 to 4.0 (3.8 to 4.1) per 100000 per annum in 2017. Unintentional drowning-associated mortality was generally higher in children, males and in low-SDI to middle-SDI countries. China, India, Pakistan and Bangladesh accounted for 51.2% of all drowning deaths in 2017. Oceania was the region with the highest rate of age-standardised YLLs in 2017, with 45434 (40850 to 50 539) YLLs per 100000 across both sexes.; CONCLUSIONS: There has been a decline in global drowning rates. This study shows that the decline was not consistent across countries. The results reinforce the need for continued and improved policy, prevention and research efforts, with a focus on low- and middle-income countries. © Author(s) (or their employer(s)) 2020. Re-use permitted under CC BY. Published by BMJ
Global, regional, and national incidence, prevalence, and mortality of HIV, 1980-2017, and forecasts to 2030, for 195 countries and territories: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study 2017
No full textBackground Understanding the patterns of HIV/AIDS epidemics is crucial to tracking and monitoring the progress of prevention and control efforts in countries. We provide a comprehensive assessment of the levels and trends of HIV/AIDS incidence, prevalence, mortality, and coverage of antiretroviral therapy (ART) for 1980-2017 and forecast these estimates to 2030 for 195 countries and territories. Methods We determined a modelling strategy for each country on the basis of the availability and quality of data. For countries and territories with data from population-based seroprevalence surveys or antenatal care clinics, we estimated prevalence and incidence using an open-source version of the Estimation and Projection Package-a natural history model originally developed by the UNAIDS Reference Group on Estimates, Modelling, and Projections. For countries with cause-specific vital registration data, we corrected data for garbage coding (ie, deaths coded to an intermediate, immediate, or poorly defined cause) and HIV misclassification. We developed a process of cohort incidence bias adjustment to use information on survival and deaths recorded in vital registration to back-calculate HIV incidence. For countries without any representative data on HIV, we produced incidence estimates by pulling information from observed bias in the geographical region. We used a re-coded version of the Spectrum model (a cohort component model that uses rates of disease progression and HIV mortality on and off ART) to produce age-sex-specific incidence, prevalence, and mortality, and treatment coverage results for all countries, and forecast these measures to 2030 using Spectrum with inputs that were extended on the basis of past trends in treatment scale-up and new infections. Findings Global HIV mortality peaked in 2006 with 1.95 million deaths (95 uncertainty interval 1.87-2.04) and has since decreased to 0.95 million deaths (0.91-1.01) in 2017. New cases of HIV globally peaked in 1999 (3.16 million, 2.79-3.67) and since then have gradually decreased to 1.94 million (1.63-2.29) in 2017. These trends, along with ART scale-up, have globally resulted in increased prevalence, with 36.8 million (34.8-39.2) people living with HIV in 2017. Prevalence of HIV was highest in southern sub-Saharan Africa in 2017, and countries in the region had ART coverage ranging from 65.7 in Lesotho to 85.7 in eSwatini. Our forecasts showed that 54 countries will meet the UNAIDS target of 81 ART coverage by 2020 and 12 countries are on track to meet 90 ART coverage by 2030. Forecasted results estimate that few countries will meet the UNAIDS 2020 and 2030 mortality and incidence targets. Interpretation Despite progress in reducing HIV-related mortality over the past decade, slow decreases in incidence, combined with the current context of stagnated funding for related interventions, mean that many countries are not on track to reach the 2020 and 2030 global targets for reduction in incidence and mortality. With a growing population of people living with HIV, it will continue to be a major threat to public health for years to come. The pace of progress needs to be hastened by continuing to expand access to ART and increasing investments in proven HIV prevention initiatives that can be scaled up to have population-level impact. Copyright (C) 2019 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd
