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« Witelo, Platon et les démons »
No full textInternational audienceThe Epistula de causa primaria poenitentiae in hominibus et de substantia et natura daemonum was composed by Witelo between 1266 and 1268. False demonic apparitions are first explained by medical or psychological causes internal to the individual, then by external natural causes disturbing visual perception. The nature and functions of real demons, whose existence is not questioned, are then explained. The point of view of Plato and the Platonists is adopted in an unprecedented and exceptional interpretation: demons are one of the four quiddities that form the chain of beings, along with animals, men and intelligences. These four quiddities are the four terms of a sesquialteral proportion (8, 12, 18, 27), the same one used by the Neopythagoreans to link the four elements together. Finally, contrary to Platonic demonology, Witelo asserts that demons are mortal and good
« Witelo, Platon et les démons »
No full textInternational audienceThe Epistula de causa primaria poenitentiae in hominibus et de substantia et natura daemonum was composed by Witelo between 1266 and 1268. False demonic apparitions are first explained by medical or psychological causes internal to the individual, then by external natural causes disturbing visual perception. The nature and functions of real demons, whose existence is not questioned, are then explained. The point of view of Plato and the Platonists is adopted in an unprecedented and exceptional interpretation: demons are one of the four quiddities that form the chain of beings, along with animals, men and intelligences. These four quiddities are the four terms of a sesquialteral proportion (8, 12, 18, 27), the same one used by the Neopythagoreans to link the four elements together. Finally, contrary to Platonic demonology, Witelo asserts that demons are mortal and good
Witelo et la science de l'optique à la cour pontificale de Viterbe (1277)
No full textAgostino Paravicini Bagliani, Witelo et la science de l'optique à la cour pontificale de Viterbe (1277), pp. 425-453.
La découverte du premier document d'archives attestant la présence à Viterbe, siège temporaire de la cour pontificale, de Witelo — mathématicien et physicien d'origine silésienne, auteur renommé de la Perspectiva —, permet de réexaminer l'ensemble de ses relations avec la Curie romaine et d'en dégager une nouvelle chronologie. L'enquête prosopographique inclut tous les savants qui s'intéressaient à l'optique et qui se trouvaient à la cour pontificale en 1277; l'hypothèse récemment formulée, selon laquelle Viterbe a été le centre de transmission des trois grandes synthèses de la science optique du XIIIe siècle, se voit confirmée.Paravicini Bagliani Agostino. Witelo et la science de l'optique à la cour pontificale de Viterbe (1277). In: Mélanges de l'Ecole française de Rome. Moyen-Age, Temps modernes, tome 87, n°2. 1975. pp. 425-453
Tres modelos de explicación de la refracción: Bacon, Pecham, Witelo
No full textEl artículo examina tres propuestas de explicación del fenómeno de refracción de la luz formuladas por los pensadores medievales Roger Bacon, John Pecham y Erazmus Ciolek Witelo. Se muestra, en el caso de Bacon, que la explicación estaba soportada en una metafísica de la propagación de los poderes causales y anidaba un conflicto insalvable. En el caso de Pecham se muestra un mayor compromiso con la necesidad de una ley cuantitativa que, desafortunadamente, conduce a una explicación frustrada. Finalmente, se valora el deseo de Witelo por introducir elementos cosmológicos en su explicación
Dipinto - Ritratti di antichi studenti stranieri dell\u27Università di Padova - Witelo
No full textWitelo (Erazmus Ciolek Witelo), polacco (1230-1314). Filosofo, studiò artes a Parigi e diritto canonico a Padova, dove soggiornò dal 1262 e il 1268. Si trasferì poi alla corte papale a Viterbo. Tornò poi in patria e tra gli anni 1269-1274 compose un trattato di ottica, noto come Prospectiva, celebrato in tutta Europa e considerato uno dei testi fondamentali della disciplina. Nel ritratto di Dal Forno è rappresentato stante, col volto di tre quarti verso destra. Il volto è barbato. Indossa ampia veste bianca con motivi decorativi e copricapo blu; con la mano destra regge un libro seminascosto dal mantello, con la sinistra un rotolo
Late medieval philosophical and theological discussions of mental disorders: Witelo, Oresme, Gerson
No full textNo matter from which perspective Witelo, Oresme and Gerson approach mental disorders, they think that madness usually has a bodily, such as a humoral or organic, origin. They do, however, consider divine or demonic causes as possibly being behind immediate causes. According to Witelo and the Parisians, because of a change in the body, madmen’s sensory fantasy is disturbed and in this situation their intellect does not act normally, and their will lacks freedom. It is important to realize that, according to the medieval writers, mentally-disordered people have not lost any parts of their soul or their basic potencies. If this were the case, they would not be human beings by definition.</jats:p
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
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