104 research outputs found
ANALISA DAYA SAING PRODUK OLAHAN BUAH NAGA ORGANIK PADA KAWASAN WISATA ORGANIK BEJI WONOGIRI
No full textPengembangan Model Transportasi Kota dalam Menghadapi Tantangan Aglomerasi Kota
Full text linkAgglomeration cities not only cause physical problems and instrumental, but also cause problems in the implementation of urban transport. Existing institutional reality no longer able to provide transport services across the city, whose scope is in the surrounding area. This paper sourced on the results of the first study of two years of research, Based on the results of previous studies, coupled with best transportation practices of Singapore and Bogotta, then drafted Urban Transport Model. A model that can address the challenges of the city agglomeration. Four cities sampled (Jakarta, Yogyakarta, Semarang, and Cilacap) seen that every city has its own challenges. Institutional existing transportation is basically in the form of the city\u27s response to answer the challenge. Commitment of all stakeholders will largely determine the success of institutional development
Karakteristik Emisi CO2 Tanah Gambut di Bawah Tegakan Kelapa Sawit
Full text linkThe research aim was studying the characteristic CO2 emission from peatland under oil palm trees as a relationship with environmental factors of specific locations in the Labuhan Batu District of North Sumatra. CO2 gasses were sampling by closed chamber technique and their concentration was measured by portable micro Gas Chromatograph CP 4900. The observation of environmental factors as the variable that affected to CO2 emission included soil temperature (TS), atmosphere temperature (TA), soil moisture on 0-5 cm of soil depth (SM5), soil moisture on 0-30 cm of soil depth (SM30), and pH of peat (A). The relationship model of CO2 emission with environmental factors analyzed by Spearman correlation and multivariant regression. Stepwise regression was applied for multivariant regression to identify the environmental factors that have a relationship with CO2 emission with significant analysis in 5 % of the threshold. Variance inflation factor (vif) was applied to identify the multicollinearity problem of the model from multivariant regression. The Spearman correlation showed the A (pH) of environmental factors have the highest correlation coefficient with the middle category (R=0.637). The stepwise regression showed the CO2 emission have been significantly affected by soil moister SM30 and A (n = 216; p < 0.05) with vif value < 3. The regression model from multivariant regression was CO2 = 7.394*A – 0.008*SM30 – 16.659 with R2 = 0.420. In the partial, there was a relationship of CO2 with soil moisture in the field capacity condition. The highest CO2 emission occurred at soil moisture of 354 – 376% w w-1 and decreased while the soil moisture increases overring the field capacity condition. The CO2 emission was decreased while the peat soil was drying at under the critical of water content caused the peat soil hydrophobicity was increasing.Penelitian ini bertujuan mengkaji karakteristik emisi CO2 dari tanah gambut di bawah tegakan kelapa sawit yang dihubungkan dengan faktor lingkungan spesifik lokasi penelitian di daerah Kabupaten Labuhan Batu, Sumatera Utara. Gas CO2 diambil dengan menggunakan close chamber technique, sedangkan konsentrasi gas tersebut diukur menggunakan portable micro Gas Chromatograph CP 4900. Faktor lingkungan sebagai variabel bebas yang diamati meliputi suhu tanah (TS), suhu atmosfer (TA), kelembaban tanah lapisan 0 – 5 cm (SM5), kelembaban tanah lapisan 0 – 30 cm (SM30), dan pH gambut (A). Model hubungan CO2 dengan faktor dianalisis menggunakan analisis korelasi Spearman dan regresi multivariant. Analisis regresi multivariant dilakukan menggunakan regresi stepwise untuk mengetahui faktor lingkungan yang mempunyai hubungan dengan CO2 pada taraf beda nyata 5%. Analisis variance inflation factor (vif) dilakukan untuk melihat multicollinearity dari model regresi multivariant. Berdasarkan analisis korelasi Spearman, faktor lingkungan A (pH gambut) mempunyai koefisiensi korelasi yang tegolong sedang (R = 0.637). Hasil regresi stepwise menunjukkan bahwa emisi CO2 nyata dipengaruhi oleh kelembaban tanah SM30 dan A (n = 216; p < 0.05) dengan nilai vif <3. Regresi multivariant, menghasilkan persamaan terbaik (R2 = 0.420) dimana emisi CO2 = 7.394*A – 0.008*SM30 – 16.659. Secara parsial, penelitian ini juga memperoleh model hubungan emisi CO2 dengan kelembaban tanah gambut, dimana emisi CO2 tertinggi dicapai pada kondisi kelembaban tanah sekitar kapasitas lapang (354 – 376% w w-1) dan menurun dengan meningkatnya kelembaban tanah di atas kadar air kapasitas lapangan. Emisi CO2 tanah gambut mengalami penurunan pada kondisi tanah gambut mengering di bawah zone kadar air kritis, hal ini karena hidrofobisitas tanah gambut meningkat
Eksplorasi Pendugaan Hara Daun Tanaman Kelapa Sawit Menggunakan Pesawat Tanpa Awak dan Kamera Multispektral
Full text linkFertilizer recommendation is yearly activities for oil palm nutrient requirement correction by fertilization activities. Oil palm leaf nutrients content in fertilization recommendation activities is a small part of several parameters used. In a row of the remote sensing gains, the researchers have been studying the oil palm leaf nutrients content prediction from multispectral satellite data and field spectral from spectroradiometer and they have a variance of results. According to the existing research of the oil palm leaf nutrients content prediction, the unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) assembled by the multispectral camera does not yet use for oil palm leaf nutrients. Therefore, this research is necessary to do. The objectives of this research were to compare the model predictor of oil palm leaf nutrient contents with several variations of variables from three bands of the multispectral camera and several vegetation indices and also to determine the best model predictors from them. The image from the multispectral camera of Mapir Survey 3 that consists of green, red, and near-infrared, and also simple ratio, normalized difference vegetation index, as well as green NDVI were used as the independent variable of regression analysis included simple regression, polynomial regression, multivariant regression with selected variables from linear regression and random forest methods of recursive feature elimination technic, and polynomial multivariant regression. The responses were the leaf nutrient analysis of N, P, K, Ca, Mg, and B from twenty samples. The results showed the best model predictor was the regression model from polynomial multivariant regression with variables from RF method of RFE technique. The model just predicted the N, P, K, and Mg oil palm leaf nutrients with 0.9415 to 0.9991 R2 value, 0.7223 to 0.9837 adjusted R2 value, and 0.0045 to 0.0340 residual standard error value (RSE).Rekomendasi pemupukan umumnya disusun setiap tahun untuk mengkoreksi kebutuhan hara tanaman melalui kegiatan pemupukan. Hara daun dalam penyusunan rekomendasi pemupukan merupakan bagian kecil dari beberapa parameter yang digunakan. Beberapa peneliti telah melakukan prediksi hara daun tanaman kelapa sawit memanfaatkan data satelit multispektral dan pengukuran spectroradiometer dengan hasil yang bervariasi. Penelitian prediksi hara daun kelapa sawit dengan pesawat tanpa awak dan kamera multispektral ini dilakukan karena belum ada kajian mengenai penggunaan teknologi tersebut untuk prediksi hara daun kelapa sawit. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah membandingkan performa pendugaan hara daun dari berbagai variasi komposisi variabel berupa 3 saluran dan beberapa indeks vegetasi, serta untuk menentukan analisis regresi terbaik. Band hijau, merah, dan inframerah dekat dari kamera multispektral Mapir Survey 3, serta indeks vegetasi simple ratio, normalized difference vegetation index, dan green NDVI digunakan sebagai variabel bebas dalam analisis regresi sederhana, regresi polinomial, regresi berganda dari variabel terseleksi dengan teknik recursive feature elimination dengan metode regresi linear dan random forest, dan regresi berganda polinomial dengan variabel tidak bebas (respons) berupa analisis daun dari 20 sampel yang meliputi hara N, P, K, Ca, Mg, dan B. Model penduga terbaik dari penelitian ini adalah model regresi berganda polinomial dari variabel terseleksi menggunakan teknik RFE metode random forest. Variabel bebas hanya mampu menduga hara daun N, P, K, dan Mg dengan nilai R2 sebesar 0,9415 hingga 0,9991, Adjusted R2 sebesar 0,7223 hingga 0,9837, serta nilai residual standard error (RSE) sebesar 0,0045 hingga 0,0340
SIMULASI DAN ANALISIS SISTEM TATA KELOLA AIR DI LAHAN PASANG SURUT: STUDI AWAL PADA PERKEBUNAN KELAPA SAWIT DI KALIMANTAN SELATAN
Full text linkOil palm plantations on tidal swamp land are increasing with the potential of land reach 20.1 million hectares due to unavailable mineral land which can be used. The limitation of optimal land for oil palm in Indonesia is currently a factor that encourages the use of sub-optimal land, one of which is tidal land. The use of tidal land has certain constraints such as soil acidity, low soil fertility, poor soil drainage conditions, lack of water and increased pyrite oxidation during dry periods which have a negative impact on oil palm growth and productivity. This preliminary study examines the effects of existing water governance to get the right solution and can be applied in the future. Modeling on HEC-RAS 4.1 software produces a simulation of the physical phenomena of channels in the land. The overall results show that the condition of the water governance system in the observation block is not optimal so that the inundated areas range from 65% due to the lack of good water management systems such as the drainage of the canals, the lack of water buildings and even the sluices so that in an uncontrolled area. This obstacle can be overcome by improving water management, such as canal washing, construction of water buildings, including culverts, bridges, crop harvesting, stoplogs and sluice gates. Water management system plays an important role in controlling water in the garden area so that in the rainy season, water can be channeled to outlets and in the dry season, water can survive in the garden area.This study is expected to be a reference in improving the water management system in that location.Perkebunan kelapa sawit di lahan pasang surut semakin meningkat dengan potensi lahan mencapai 20.1 juta Ha disebabkan hampir tidak adanya lahan mineral baru yang dapat dipergunakan lagi. Keterbatasan lahan optimal untuk kelapa sawit di Indonesia saat ini menjadi faktor yang mendorong penggunaan lahan-lahan sub optimal, salah satunya lahan pasang surut. Penggunaan lahan pasang surut memiliki kendala tertentu seperti kemasaman tanah, rendahnya kesuburan tanah, kondisi drainase tanah yang buruk, kekurangan air dan meningkatnya oksidasi pirit selama periode kering yang berdampak negatif terhadap pertumbuhan dan produktivitas kelapa sawit. Penelitian awal ini mengkaji efek dari tata kelola air yang sudah ada untuk mendapatkan solusi yang tepat dan dapat diterapkan di masa mendatang. Pemodelan pada perangkat lunak HEC-RAS 4.1 menghasilkan simulasi fenomena fisik saluran di lahan. Hasil keseluruhan menunjukkan bahwa kondisi sistem tata kelola air pada blok pengamatan belum optimal sehingga diperoleh areal-areal tergenang berkisar 65% disebabkan sistem tata kelola air belum berjalan baik seperti adanya pendangkalan saluran, bangunan air yang masih kurang bahkan pintu air belum ada sehingga tinggi muka air dalam areal tidak terkontrol. Hambatan ini dapat diatasi dengan memperbaiki tata kelola air seperti pencucian kanal, pembangunan bangunan air antara lain gorong – gorong, jembatan, titi panen, stoplog dan pintu air. Sistem tata kelola air berperan penting dalam mengkontrol air di dalam areal kebun sehingga pada musim hujan, air dapat dialirkan ke outlet dan pada musim kemarau, air dapat bertahan di dalam areal kebun. Kajian ini diharapkan dapat menjadi acuan dalam peningkatan sistem tata kelola air di lokasi tersebut
Perbaikan sifat-sifat dan pencegahan hidrofobisitas tanah gambut di perkebunan kelapa sawit melalui aplikasi terak baja
No full textPengembangan perkebunan kelapa sawit di lahan gambut dihadapkan pada permasalahan hidrofobisitas tanah gambut sebagai akibat dari drainase tanah gambut yang berlebihan.Hidrofobisitas menyebabkan terjadinya penurunan kemampuan mengikat air dan hara tersedia dalam tanah
An analysis on the translation of non-minimal english noun phrases in John Grisham’s The Testament as seen in Hendarto Setiadi’s Surat Wasiat
Full text linkDampak Muka Air Tanah Dan Amelioran Terhadap Kelembapan Tanah, Emisi Co Dan Produksi Kelapa Sawit Pada Tanah Gambut
No full textPenelitian lapangan dampak kedalaman muka air tanah dan aplikasi amelioran (terak baja) telah dilakukan pada tanaman kelapa sawit menghasilkan di lahan gambut. Perlakuan terdiri dari tiga pengelolaan kedalaman muka air tanah (WLM-1, WLM-2, dan WLM-3) dan empat dosis terak baja (0; -13.15; 6.51; 9.86 kg pohon ). Perlakuan WLM-1 adalah pengelolaan kedalaman muka air tanah pada kisaran 35-50 cm dari permukaan tanah, WLM-2 pada 60-75 cm, dan WLM-3 pada >75 cm. Penelitian disusun dalam rancangan acak kelompok petak terpisah dengan pengelolaan kedalaman muka air tanah sebagai petak utama dan dosis terak baja sebagai anak petak. Pengamatan meliputi kadar air tanah aktual, sifat-sifat tanah gambut, emisi CO , 2pertumbuhan, dan produksi tanaman kelapa sawit. Perlakuan muka air tanah pada kisaran 35-75 cm dari permukaan tanah mampu menjaga kelembapan tanah aktual hingga lapisan atas tanah gambut, sedangkan penurunan kedalaman muka air tanah gambut hingga >75 cm di bawah permukaan tanah nyata berpengaruh terhadap penurunan kelembapan tanah ke lapisan atas (0-10 cm). Hasil pengukuran emisi CO sebesar 2-1-137, 40, dan 45 ton ha tahun berturut-turut untuk kondisi muka air tanah pada WLM-1, WLM-2, dan WLM-3. Penurunan muka air tanah hingga >75 cm nyata meningkatkan emisi CO pada petak penelitian 2berkisar 11-18%, dibandingkan dengan perlakuan WLM-1 dan WLM-2. Aplikasi terak baja tidak nyata menurunkan emisi CO . Kedalaman muka air tanah 275 cm, yaitu sebesar 7-10% dan 36 ? 60% berturut-turut untuk produksi 2014 dan 2015. Aplikasi berbagai dosis terak baja tidak berpengaruh nyata terhadap produksi TBS, namun dapat meningkatkan rerata berat tandan
APPLICATION OF ZEOLITE FOR IMPROVEMENT OF GROWTH MEDIA AND GROWTH OF OIL PALM SEEDLING
Full text linkZeolite has been known for improvement of soil fertility through increasing the cation exchange capacity. The objective of this research is to evaluate the application of zeolite for improvement of growth media and growth of oil palm seedling. The research has been conducted in the oil palm seedling research area of Aek Pancur using completely randomized design. The soils used for media are Typic Paleudults, Typic Udipsamments, and Typic Hapludults. The treatment composed of 4 zeolite dossages 0,50, 100, and 150 g/polybag. The results showed that application of zeolite to soils improved the properties of soils, especially cation exchange capacity. Application of zeolite as soil amelioration in the seedling of oil palm did not significantly improve the growth and absorption of nutrients during 11 months. In general, application of zeolite with the dosage of 100 g/polybag improve the growth and absorbtion of nutrients compared to without zeolite application. On the othe hand, application of 150 g zeolite/polybag decrease the growth and absorbtion of nutrients
Pengaruh Kedalaman Muka Air Tanah dan Dosis Terak Baja terhadap Hidrofobisitas Tanah Gambut, Emisi Karbon, dan Produksi Kelapa Sawit
No full textDevelopment of oil palm plantation requires drainage to support growth and production of the oil palm. The excessive drainage would cause the peat dryness of as well as hydrophobicity and thus decreasing its capacity to retent water, soil infiltration, surface erossion. It can limit oil palm growth. The application of water management and soil amandment must be performed to avoid the decrease of peat soil quality and to improve the productivity of oil palm. This series research was designed to: 1) evaluate the peat soil hydrophobicity under oil palm plantation area, 2) study the effect of the ground water level depth and stell slag dose on the peat soil hydrophobicity and other soil physical changes, 3) study the effect of the ground water level depth and the steel slag dose on CO2 emission from peat soil, and 4) study the effect of ground water level depth and steel slag dose on the growth and production of oil palm. The first study has utilized sapric and hemic peat soil samples taken from the 6-year Panai Jaya Oil Palm Plantation (PAJ) and the 20-year Meranti Paham Oil Palm Plantation (MEP). Peat soil samples were heated at a temperature of 50°C with a time interval and the effects on hydrophobicity were recorded. Hydrophobicity of the peat soil was evaluated by Water Drop Penetration Time (WDPT) method. After the hydrophobicity of all peat soil samples had been observed, a number of soil properties, including soil water content (SWC), total acidity, carboxylic content (COOH) and phenolic-OH were then analyzed. Critical water content (CWC) of the peat soil. The point at which hydrophobicity occurred, was determined using exponential relationship between soil water content and the probability of the occurrence of soil hydrophobicity, the point at which the probability of the occurrence of hydrophobicity was between 60% and 80%. Fourier Transform Infra Red (FTIR) spectrometer was used to evaluate peat soil hydrophobicity by knowing the functional groups in peat soil. The second experiment was carried out in laboratory by application of various steel slag level (0; 7.17; 14.81; dan 22.44 g pot-1) on two peat type (sapric dan hemic) with two soil moisture conditions including wet and dry (hydrophobic). Peat soil samples that has been added with steel slag incubation for 60 days and observation of soil properties, FTIR analysis, and wettability by WDPT method. The field experiment was carried out in 6 years-oil palm block of PAJ. Research plots was designed using a split plot design with three replications. Plots treated with three treatments of ground water level (MAT-1, MAT-2, and MAT-3) as main plots and four level of steel slag application (0; 3.15; 6.51; 9.86 kg pohon-1) as a subplot. MAT-1 is ground water level (GWL) at depths of 30-50 cm, MAT-2 is GWL at depths of 60-75 cm, and WLM-3 is GWL at depths 70-90 cm below the soil surface. The research observation consists actual soil water content, actual v hydrophobicity, oil palm growth and production, subsidence, and accumulation of heavy metals in fruit. The results shown that hydrophobicity of peat soil in this study was negatively related to soil water content (SWC), total acidity, content of carboxylic and phenolic-OH. The decrease in SWC, total acidity, carboxylic content, and phenolic-OH content will increase the hydrophobicity. SWC leads to an increase in the ratio of hydrophobic component on the hydrophilic component, and peat soil experiences hydrophobicity. Based on the exponential model between hydrophobicity and soil water content, critical water content (CWC) of peat soil hydrophobicity is obtained. CWC of PAJ hemic> PAJ sapric> hemic MEP> MEP sapric, is 201-223%, 293-307%, 118 -126%, and 184 – 213%, respectively. Hemic will experience hydrophobicity faster than sapric. Likewise PAJ peat will require higher water content than MEP peat to keep the peat soils still hydrophilic. The GWL in the peat soil of this study indicated that the treatment of MAT-1 and MAT-2 (30-70 cm) was able to keep the actual SWC in the top layer, while the decrease of GWL depth up to >70 cm below the soil surface (MAT-3) significantly influenced the decrease of SWC to the top layer (0-10 cm). The GWL that is too deep (>70 cm) could potentially cause the hydrophobicity in the upper layers of soil (0-10 cm), especially in dry season. Combination of steel slag application has not shown any significant effect on the increase of the water content in the soil, but it affects the improvement of soil properties such as soil pH, ash content, and water retention. The measurement of CO2 emission was 28.33, 37.92, and 50.23 ton ha-1 year-1 respectively to the conditions on of MAT-1, MAT-2, and MAT-3. The decrease of GWL up to >70 cm could significant increase the CO2 emissions. The application of steel slag had not significantly reduced the CO2 emissions. This research obtained a relationship between CO2 flux and peat soil water content ranges from dry to wet, which is a peat soil ranged hydrophilic to hydrophobic. In the hydrophilic, the CO2 emissions of peat soil decreased with the increase of soil moisture. The highest CO2 emission could be achieved on the conditions of soil moisture content ranging from CWC to field capacity. The hydrophobic condition caused a decline in active functional groups (carboxylic, hydroxyl), a decrease in biochemical processes; moreover, drying peat material occured so that the decomposition of peat and producing CO2 emissions would decline. The GWL treatment significantly affected fresh fruit bunches (FFB) production (6 years old). The FFB production of GWL of MAT-1 > MAT-2 > MAT-3. The decrease of GWL depth that was deeper than 70 cm significantly reduced the production of FFB up to 8-11% on the treatment of GWL in the range of 30-70 cm. The application of various level of steel slag had not significantly influenced the FFB production in the first year of the study. The application of various level of steel slag could improve the physical and chemical properties of peat soil of Panai Jaya. The implication of this research was that the application of good water management on the peat soil in the oil palm plantations by regulating the ground water level in the range of 30-70 cm that was adequate of keeping the soil moist until the top layer of peat soil could prevent hydrophobicity, reduce CO2 emissions, and improve the growth and production of oil palm
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