1,720,962 research outputs found
Perbandingan Kadar Kadmium (cd2+) Dalam Darah Antara Pengguna Rokok Elektrik Metode Direct To Lung dan Metode Mouth To Lung Pada Komunitas Vapor Di Kota Bandar Lampung
Full text linkMerokok merupakan aktivitas yang tidak asing lagi bagi kita dalam kehidupan sehari-hari saat ini. Rokok konvensional yang dibakar berdampak negatif bagi tubuh. Beberapa tahun terakhir, banyak dari perokok konvensional beralih menggunakan rokok elektrik. Dalam liquid Rokok elektrik ditemukan beberapa logam yang berdampak bagi kesehatan manusia salah satunya adalah Kadmium..Rokok elektrik di hisap dengan 2 metode yang berbeda yaitu direct to lung dan mouth to lung. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui perbandingan kadar Kadmium dalam darah pada pengguna 2 metode rokok elektrik. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah desain analitik dengan menggunakan pendekatan cross sectional study. Uji Statistik menggunakan Uji Mann Whitney untuk mengetahui perbandingan kadar Kadmium. Dari hasil penelitian di dapatkan bahwa secara statistik tidak ada perbedaan Kadar Kadmium dalam darah pada pengguna rokok elektrik yang menggunakan 2 metode penghisapan. Simpulan dari penelitian bahwa tidak ada perbedaan kadar Kadmium dalam darah pada pengguna rokok elektrik yang menggunakan 2 metode Hisap. Kadar Kadmium dalam darah pengguna rokok elektrik masih dalam batas normal. Hasil normal ini dapat di pengaruhi beberapa faktor diantaranya pola makan, diet, konsumsi buah dan sayuran, yang dapat mempengaruhi kadar Cd dalam darah
Uji Aktivitas Antioksidan Kombinasi Ekstrak Daun Kersen (Muntingia calabura Linn.) dan Daun Sirsak (Anonna muricata Linn.) Metode DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1- picrilhidrazyl)
Full text linkDaun kersen dan daun sirsak merupakan tanaman serta dapat digunakan menjadi obat. Daun kersen memiliki kandungan alkaloid, flavonoid, saponin dan steroid. Daun sirsak memiliki kandungan alkaloid, flavonoid, saponin, dan tanin. Senyawa-senyawa tersebut memiliki kemampuan sebagai antioksidan untuk menghambat radikal bebas.
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui aktivitas antioksidan kombinasi ekstrak daun kersen dan ekstrak daun sirsak dan dibandingkan dengan bentuk tunggal keduanya dalam menangkal radikal bebas. Penelitian dilakukan sejak bulan Februari sampai Juli 2018 di B2P2TOOT Tawangmangu dan LaboratoriumKimia STIKES Nasional. Jenis penelitian ini adalah eksperimental dengan teknik quota sampling.
Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kombinasi daun kersen dan daun sirsak 2:1 memiliki nilai IC sebesar 6,9126 50 ppm dan dikategorikan sangat kuat. Nilai IC bentuk tunggal daun kersen sebesar 15,9999 ppm dan dikategorikan 50 sangat kuat. Bentuk tunggal daun sirsak sebesar 116,5376 ppm dan dikategorikan sedang. Kombinasi daun kersen dan daun sirsak 1:1 sebesar 28,1075 ppm termasuk dalam kategori sangat kuat. Kombinasi daun kersen dan daun sirsak 1:2 sebesar 28,4886 dan dikategorikan sangat kuat. Aktivitas antioksidan kombinasi ekstrak daun kersen dan daun sirsak sangat kuat dibandingkan bentuk tunggal keduanya. Kombinasi ekstrak daun kersen dan ekstrak daun sirsak 2:1 memiliki aktivitas antioksidan yang sangat kuat.
Kata kunci: antioksidan, daun kersen, daun sirsak, quota sampling, DPP
Pengaruh Kadar Etanol Darah Terhadap Kadar Gamma Glutamyl Transferase (GGT) pada Pekerja Pembuatan Etanol di Desa Ngombakan Polokarto: The Effect of Blood Ethanol on Gamma GT Levels in Ethanol Manufacturer Workers in Ngombakan Polokarto
No full textEthanol is the result of sugarcane fermentation which is converted into molasses (cane drops). Then the distillation process is carried out by heating for a certain time so that a certain level of ethanol is obtained. The process of making ethanol is an activity that has a high risk for its workers. The heating process produces vapors that are harmful to the body, causing health problems for workers. Liver disease is the most common complication caused by exposure to ethanol. Alcoholic fatty liver is a reversible disease that can progress to alcoholic hepatitis which can cause liver cirrhosis and liver failure. This study was conducted to determine blood ethanol levels, Gamma GT levels and the effect of blood ethanol levels on Gamma GT in ethanol production workers. The research was conducted by quota sampling as many as 24 people in 8 traditional ethanol-making industrial houses in Ngombakan, Polokarto. Ethanol examination was carried out using the Gass Chromatography and Mass Spectrometry method and Gamma GT was carried out using the colorimetric enzymatic method. The results obtained are the average ethanol content of the workers is 0.45 mg/dL and Gamma GT is 29 U/L. The results of linear regression analysis showed Sig. 0.257 (0.05) meaning that there was no effect of ethanol content on Gamma GT levels. Based on the coefficient of determination (R2) of 0.058, it means that the effect of ethanol on Gamma GT is 5.8%
Pengaruh Penambahan Ekstrak Cabai Merah (Capsicum annuum L.) terhadap Kadar Nitrit pada Sosis di Kota Surakarta dengan Spektrofotometer UV-Vis
Full text linkMakanan cepat saji sudah menjadi pilihan bagi kebanyakan masyarakat di Indonesia. Fakta menunjukkan lebih dari 33% masyarakat Indonesia setiap hari mengkonsumsi makanan cepat saji karena pelayanan cepat,dan harga murah. Makanan cepat saji tidak dapat dikategorikan sebagai makanan sehat. Konsumen sering memesan makanan ini dengan kandungan lemak, kalori, gula, sodium yang banyak dan sedikit mengandung nutrisi serta vitamin. Nitrit seringkali ditambahkan dalam proses pembuatan sosis sebagai bahan pengawet, bahan tersebut diketahui sebagai penyebab penyakit kanker. Tujuan dari penelitian ini untuk mengetahui pengaruh penambahan ekstrak cabai merah (Capsicum annuum L.) yang optimal untuk menurunkan kadar nitrit pada sosis di kota Surakarta dengan Spektrofotometer UV-Vis. Penelitian ini telah selesai dilakukan di laboratorium Makanan dan Minuman Sekolah Tinggi Ilmu Kesehatan Nasional pada bulan Oktober sampai Desember 2016. Terdapat 6 sampel sosis tidak bermerk yang berasal dari 3 pasar di Surakarta dan data diambil menggunakan teknik Quota Sampling. Sampel sosis dengan penambahan ekstrak cabai merah menggunakan variasi konsentrasi 0%, 25%, 50%, 75%, 100%. Analisa menggunakan instrument Spektrofotometer AES-80 untuk menentukan kadar nitrit pada sosis. Hasil pengukuran kadar nitrit yaitu pada konsentrasi 0% kadar nitrit sebesar 33,459ppm; konsentrasi 25% sebesar 12,239ppm; konsentrasi 50% sebesar 11,070ppm, konsentrasi 75% sebesar 5,699 ppm dan konsentrasi 100% sebesar 3,935 ppm. Berdasarkan uji regresi linier menunjukkan hasil signifikan 0,044 yang menunjukkan bahwa ada perbedaan signifikan karena nilai sig. < α (0,05), maka ada pengaruh penambahan vitamin C terhadap kadar nitrit pada sosis di kota Surakarta
Hubungan Kadar Kadmium Dengan Kadar Protein Urine Pada Pekerja Pasar Besi Tua Semanggi
Full text linkPasar besi tua Semanggi dalm beroperasi setiap hari menghasilkan limbah berupa logam berat. Salah satu limbah logam berat yang berbahaya adalah loga kadmium. Kadmium merupakan logam berat yang berbahaya bagi lingkungan karena memiliki letal concentration sebesar 39 mg/kg. Paparan logam kadmium pada manusia akan menyebabkan kerusakan pada membran tubulus proksimal ginjal karena terjadi penghambatan reabsobsi garam dan reabsobsi air sehingga menyebabkan terjadinya peningkatan jumlah protein urine yang disebut proteinuria. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui apakah ada hubungan antara kadar kadmium urine terhadap kadar protein urine. Jenis penelitian adalah analitik, dengan desain penelitian cross sectional. Teknik sampling yang digunakan quota sampling dengan analisis kadar kadmium urine menggunakan Spektrofotometer Serapan Atom thermo scientific dan analisi kadar protein urine menggunakan strip test verify urinalys. Hasil penelitian ini didapatkan rata-rata kadar kadmium dalam urine adalah 0,15 µg/L. Pada pemeriksaan protein urine didapat hasil negatif sebanyak 2 responden (13,33%), hasil +1 sebanyak 11 responden (73,33%), hasil +2 sebanyak 2 responden (13,33%). Uji korelasi antara kadar kadmium dengan kadar portein urine dilakukan dengan dengan Uji Kendall’s Tau-b. Kesimpulan penelitian ini dapat dinyatakan bahwa terdapat hubungan yang cukup kuat antara kadar kadmium dengan kadar protein urine pada pekerja pasar besi tua Semanggi dengan nilai signifikan 0,046 (sig < 0,05) dan koefisien korelasi sebesar 0,459
Penentuan Kadar Timbal Dalam Darah Operator SPBU di Kota Karanganyar Berdasarkan Kebiasaan Merokok: Determination of Lead Levels in Blood Operator SPBU in The City of Karanganyar Based on Smoking Habit
No full textLead is a mixture of gasoline-making materials that has an anti-knock function on vehicle engines. Vehicle exhaust smoke due to incomplete combustion processes is discharged into the air. Gas station operators are workers at high risk of exposure to lead. This study was conducted to describe the levels of lead in the blood of gas station operators based on smoking habits. This type of research is descriptive using a cross-sectional approach. Research conducted on May-August 2019. Samples were taken by purposive sampling technique and obtained samples of 5 gas station operators at Karanganyar Region. Examination of lead levels in the blood using the Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer AA 7000. The results of this study were to obtain blood lead in all operators examined with codes A1, A2, A3, A4, A5 each of which was 1,7854 μg/dl; 1,2049 μg/dl; 1,6656 ug/dl; 1,2825 ug/dl; 1,4950 ug/dl. Respondents with smoking habits 20 cigarettes/day had the highest lead levels among all respondents. All gas station operators with smoking habits every day have blood lead levels at the normal threshold set by the CDC (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention), which is <10 μg / dl
Hubungan Jenis Pestisida Berdasarkan Kandungan Senyawa Aktif yang Digunakan terhadap Kadar Timbal (Pb) dalam Darah Petani di Kabupaten Bangka: The Correlation Between Pesticides Type Based on the Content of the Compounds Used to Levels of Lead (P) in Farmer’s Blood in Bangka District
No full textFarmers exposed to pesticides. It can cause pollution and residues. Pesticides contain Plumbum (Pb). Pb can effect to the hematopoietic, digestive, urinary, kidney, central nervous, reproductive, cardiac and endocrine systems. The purpose was to determine the relationship between types of pesticides based on the active compounds used on Pb levels in the farmers blood in Bangka district. This research is analytic observational with cross sectional approach. The subjects were 20 farmers exposed to pesticides and with criteria based on the questionnaire in Bangka district. Use quota sampling. Primary data, namely measurement of blood lead levels using the Inductively Coupled Plasma - Mass Spectrophotometry (ICP-MS) method and types of pesticides based on active compounds. Level of Pb in the farmer's blood was the highest level of 6.6 g/dL and the lowest level of 1.7 g/dL with an average of 4.1 g/dL and still within normal limits. Respondents who used organophosphate pesticides found the highest levels of 6.6 g/dL and the lowest levels of 2.5 g/dL with an average of 4.36 g/dL. Respondents who used carbamate pesticide obtained the highest level of 5.1 g/dL and the lowest level of 1.7 g/dL with an average of 4.06 g/dL. The results from the ANOVA test with an F count of 4.789 and a significance level of probability 0.032 < 0.05, there was a significant relationship between types of pesticides based on the content of active compounds used by farmers on blood lead levels in Bangka district
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
The Screening of Antioxidant Activities of Meniran Plants (Phyllanthus niruri Linn) and Guava Leaves (Psidium guajava Linn) Combination Using DPPH Free Radical Method
Full text linkDegenerative disease is a serious health problem and causes a lot of deaths in Indonesia. One of the most dangerous degenerative diseases is cancer. Free radicals play a role in oxidative stress in the later stages of carcinogenesis. Antioxidant delays or inhibits cellular damage mainly through its free radical scavenging property. Meniran plants and guava leaves have high radical-scavenging activities. The previous studies reported that the combination of ginger and Meniran plant extract has a stronger antioxidant activity than the extract of a single plant. This research aims at determining the antioxidant activities of Meniran plants and guava leaves compared with its singular form. This research was conducted from October to December 2016 at the Chemical Laboratory of Nasional Health Science Institute and the Center for Development and Research of Medicinal Plants and Traditional Medicine, Tawangmangu, Karanganyar. The antioxidant activity assay was done using DPPH free radical method and vitamin C was used as the control. They were measured with UV-Vis Spectrophotometer. This study concludes that the IC50 value of Meniran plants was 30.689 ppm and the IC50 value of guava leaves was 13.7859. The IC50 values of Meniran plant and guava leaf combination with various ratios were 20.6095 ppm (1:1), 12.5629 ppm (1:2), and 16.841 ppm (2:1). The combination of Meniran plant and guava leaf extract (1: 2) had the strongest antioxidant activity of 12.56 ppm
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