1,723,080 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Application Technique of Soil and Crop Nutrition Diagnosis on the Low Input Farming Systems Development under Climate Change
No full text本研究主要利用本所農場68 號田區設立的長期不同耕作制度與肥力監測試驗田，旨在應用土壤與作物營養診斷技術於低投入型耕作制度發展，以因應氣候變遷下耕作制度調適。試驗田土壤屬砂頁岩粘板岩非石灰性混合沖積土，研究顯示：1.長期旱作嚴重影響土壤酸化，水田種植水稻為防止或減緩土壤酸化與維持土壤肥力平衡穩定之自然方法。2.作物殘株處理方式不論是移除、掩埋或焚燒，三者間對土壤有機質含量的影響，差異並不顯著；相反的，三種殘株處理方式均造成土壤中有機質含量呈逐年遞增趨勢。3.完成不同耕作制度下，水土環境親和指標之建立，及其量化影響；如土壤有機質分解與pH 變化與溫度有關，可作為氣候變遷下溫度變化之影響指標監測；土壤有效性鉀可作為防範旱作水患之臨界濃度為80 mg/kg。4.灌溉水與土壤中之有效性氮 (銨態氮與硝酸態氮) 含量嚴重影響水稻之N 管理，包括N 肥用量、倒伏、穗肥需要與無N區產量百分率等；其相關臨界濃度分別為6 與30 ppm。5.強酸性土壤施苦土石灰可有效調節改善土壤營養元素之有效態含量，顯著提高水稻、玉米、大豆與小麥產量。6.土壤質地、土壤有效水份供應 (土層深度) 及土壤pH 嚴重影響缺水環境下旱作 (小麥、玉米、大豆) 之生育，可為發展旱作適栽區規劃之考量因子。
A long-term experiment was conducted from 1987 to 2014 in a field of noncalcareous sandstone and slate alluvial soil at the experimental farm of Taiwan Agriculture Research Institute, Wufeng, Taichung, Taiwan, to evaluate the effects of cropping systems on soil fertility and farming adjustment with climate changes. In this study, there were four cropping systems including Rice-Rice monoculture; Rice-Corn rotation; Corn-Rice rotation; and Corn-Corn monoculture. Research shows: 1. The prolonged upland cropping seriously affected soil acidification, paddy rice cultivation was the best natural method to prevent or mitigate soil acidification and the maintenance of soil fertility balance and stability. 2. Crop redisues treatment whether removal, incorporation or burning, among the three effects on soil organic matter content, the difference is not significant; on the contrary, three types of stubble soil organic matter content has an increasing trend. 3. Completed establishment of soil and water environment compatible pointer, and quantify impact under different cropping systems, such as soil organic matter decomposition and changes in pH and temperature, can be used as monitoring the effects of temperature changes in the climate change pointer; effectiveness of potassium in soils as a precaution upland flooding critical concentration of 80 mg/kg. 4. Available nitrogen (ammonium nitrogen and nitrate nitrogen) of irrigation water and soil in severely affected n management in rice, including n-fertilizer dosage, lodging, fertilizer needs and percentage yield; its threshold concentration was 6 and 30 ppm. 5. Applying magnesium oxide- lime can improved or regulated the strongly acidic soil on the nutrient content of effective state, and significantly improve the production of rice, corn, soybeans and wheat.6. Soil texture , soil available water supply (soil depth), soil pH with serious impact on water environment in dryland (wheat, corn, soybeans) to produce, are consideration factors for the development of suitable planting in dryland areas
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
(40(1):57-70)Disrtibution of Different Forms of lron within Profiles from Alluvial Soils of Central-South Taiwan and Its Effect on Phosphate Sorption
No full text本研究目的為明瞭沖積土中不同形態可抽出性鐵在水、旱田土壤剖面中之分佈特性，從不同形態之土壤剖面中探究與其有關之土壤化學性質的差異，及評估此性質對土壤磷吸著的影響。所得結果如下：
1﹒游離鐵（Fed,Dithionite法）在剖面中之含量分佈大致與粘粒一致，唯受水田表土鐵之往下移動、地下水位上下起伏及剖面質地出現極不均的情形所影響。表土之Fed與粘粒含量二者呈極顯著正相關，且Fed含量呈旱田較高，排水良水田次之，而排水不良水田較低之趨勢。
無定形鐵（Feo,Ammonium oxalate法）在剖面中之含量分佈則與粘粒無關而與有機質之分佈一致，即使表土具較低之Fed含量，Fed含量均以表土層最高，然後逐漸降低。表土之Feo含量受有機質含量及水田浸水影響，故表土之Feo與Fed不同，其與粘粒含量之相關僅呈5％顯著，且旱田者Feo含量明顯較水田低。
2﹒鐵活性比（Feo／Fed）在剖面中之分佈亦大致與有機質一致，而表土之鐵活性比，排水不良水田最高、排水良水田次之，旱田最低，故利用此比值可將此三種不同剖面形態之土壤區分。唯表土以下之灰斑層無法以此比值鑑定。
3﹒表土之土壤性質與土壤磷吸著的相關分析顯示土壤磷吸著僅與Feo含量成極顯著正相關，Feo對土壤磷吸著的重要性遠大於Fed。
4﹒土壤經浸水90天放乾後，僅經浸水處理的土壤，Feo含量較未浸水土壤增加，而添加1％有機質浸水處理者，增加幅度更大，且此效果，以旱田土壤明顯大於水田土壤。由此而導致土壤對磷吸著的增加趨勢亦同。經處理後之土壤利用草酸銨以抽出Feo後，磷吸著會明顯降低，且處理間磷吸著的差異亦因此而除去，顯示Feo確實是影響磷吸著的重要因子，唯各土壤間磷吸著的差異仍存在，表示土壤中除Feo外尚有其他成分參與磷的吸著作用。The distribution of extractable forms of iron within profiles was described for rice soils and upland field from alluvial soils of central-south Taiwan. The different properties of profiles with various soil morphology was investigated and evaluated its effect on P-sorption. The results are summarized below:
1. The distribution of free iron content (Fed, dithionite-extractable) within soil profiles not completely concided with that of clay content, reflecting the influence of fluctuating water tables, downward movement of Fed in surface soil under paddy condition, and texture discontinuity within profile on the distribution of iron. There was the high correlation between Fed and clay content in sruface soils; however, the largest content of Fed was usually found in upland fields, followed by well drained paddy fields, and the lowest in poor drained paddy fields.
The distribution of amorphous iron content (Feo, oxalate-extractable) within profiles concided with that of organic matter content, but generally it did not correspond to clay content. The maximum for Feo, however, was usually in the surface soil in spite of its Fed depletion. Feo content in the surface soil was affected by organic matter content and flooding, therefore Feo contern, differing from Fed, was correlated with clay content with 5% significance. However. Feo content in surface soils of upland fields was much lower than that of paddy fields.
2. The active iron ratio (Feo/Fed) decreased with depth down the profile and generally corresponded with organic matter content. The Feo/Fed ration in the surface soils could be used to separate well drained upland fields, well drained paddy fields, and poorly drained paddy fields. Layers below surface soils, exhibiting gley morphology, showed no difference in the Feo/Fed values, compared with their nongleyed counterpart, so that the Feo/Fed ratio could not be used to separate gleyed or nongleyed horizons below surface soils.
3. Among all the properties of the surface soils,only the Feo content was high correlated with soil P-sorption. The effect of Feo on P-sorption was much more important than that of Fed.
4. The soils were ammended with o and 1% organic matter as cellulose and kept flooded for 90 days. Upon soil-flooding and draining, the Feo content increased in each soils. With the application of 1% organic matter at the time of soil flooding, the Feo content increased by a large magnitude.
These effects for the soils from upland fields wewe much larger than those from paddy fields, there was the same trend for the effect on P-sorption.
When the soils with or without organic matter treatment during flooding were drained, air-dried, and extracted with ammonium oxalate, P-sorption decreased. This extraction also eliminated the difference in P sorption due to prior flooding. These implied that Feo seemed to be responsible for the P sorption. The difference in P sorption among the soils, however, was not removed by this extraction. This indicated that soil properties other then amorphous Fe content of soil may also be responsible for the P sorptivity
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
The NuRD Complex in Neurodevelopment and Disease: A Case of Sliding Doors
No full textThe Nucleosome Remodelling and Deacetylase (NuRD) complex represents one of the major chromatin remodelling complexes in mammalian cells, uniquely coupling the ability to “open” the chromatin by inducing nucleosome sliding with histone deacetylase activity. At the core of the NuRD complex are a family of ATPases named CHDs that utilise the energy produced by the hydrolysis of the ATP to induce chromatin structural changes. Recent studies have highlighted the prominent role played by the NuRD in regulating gene expression during brain development and in maintaining neuronal circuitry in the adult cerebellum. Importantly, components of the NuRD complex have been found to carry mutations that profoundly affect neurological and cognitive development in humans. Here, we discuss recent literature concerning the molecular structure of NuRD complexes and how the subunit composition and numerous permutations greatly determine their functions in the nervous system. We will also discuss the role of the CHD family members in an array of neurodevelopmental disorders. Special emphasis will be given to the mechanisms that regulate the NuRD complex composition and assembly in the cortex and how subtle mutations may result in profound defects of brain development and the adult nervous system
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
- …
