Taiwan Agricultural Research Institute Council of Agriculture, Executive Yuan
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Fertility Efficacy Evaluation of Commercial Phosphate-solubilizing Biofertilizers
No full text微生物肥料商品在田間施用時，常出現有效與無效兩極化之反應，使農民對微生物肥料缺乏信心。農業試驗所2017 年從市面上購買溶磷菌肥料產品，測試這些產品對作物生長之效益，試驗作物為百日草，試驗土壤選擇紅壤與石灰質土壤，試驗地點在農業試驗所溫室。溶磷菌種類為市面上販售之14 種溶磷菌肥料。試驗處理為接種14 種溶磷菌肥料，另外也測試了這14 種溶磷菌肥料載體之效果。試驗結果顯示：在鹼性土壤中，接種溶磷菌肥料產品4 可增加百日草開花數0.9 朵，及增加地上部磷吸收量58%，而其載體亦可增加百日草開花數0.9 朵及增加地上部磷吸收量43%。接種溶磷菌肥料產品10 對百日草開花數沒有影響，但可增加地上部乾重13%及增加地上部磷吸收量24%，而其載體可增加百日草開花數0.5 朵，並增加百日草地上部乾重15%及增加地上部磷吸收量31%。其他12 種溶磷菌肥料產品對百日草開花數、地上部乾重及磷吸收量無顯著促進效果。在酸性土壤中，接種溶磷菌肥料產品4 可增加百日草開花數0.7 朵及增加地上部乾重5%，但對磷的吸收量沒有增加效果，而其載體可增加百日草開花數1.2 朵，並增加地上部乾重15%及增加磷吸收量17%。接種溶磷菌肥料產品13 可增加百日草地上部乾重5%及地上部磷吸收量8%，而其載體可增加百日草地上部乾重12%及地上部磷吸收量8%。其他12 種溶磷菌肥料產品對百日草開花數、地上部乾重及磷吸收量無顯著促進效果。
Biofertilizers often showed unstable responses in field trials with two extremes, i.e., effective and non-effective. This experience gave farmers weak confidence in biofertilizers. From 2017, commercial phosphate-solubilizing biofertilizers (PSB) were purchased and evaluated their growth efficacy by pot culture (Zinnia angustifolia) in Taiwan Agricultural Research Institute (TARI). The test soils were red soils and calcareous soils. Totally, 14 phosphate-solubilizing biofertilizer products and their carriers were evaluated in this report. The test results conducted in calcareous soil indicated that inoculation of PSB #4 could increase 0.9 flower number and 58% phosphate absorption to the upper ground biomass. Besides, the carrier of PSB #4 could increase 0.9 flower number and 43% phosphate absorption to the upper ground biomass as well. Inoculation with PSB #10 had no influence to flower number, but could increase 13% dry weight and phosphate absorption 24% to the upper ground portion. However, the carrier of PSB #10 could increase 0.5 flower number, 15% dry weight and phosphate absorption 31% to the upper ground portion. The other 12 products did not exhibit significant growth effect. The test results conducted in red soils indicated that inoculation of PSB #4 could increase 0.7 flower number and 5% dry weight to the upper ground biomass; however there was no effect in phosphate absorption. The carrier of PSB #4 could increase 1.2 flower number, 14% dry weight and 17% phosphate absorption to the upper ground biomass. Inoculation with PSB #13 had no influence to flower number, but could increase 5% dry weight and phosphate absorption 8% to the upper ground portion. However, the carrier of PSB #13 could increase 12% dry weight and phosphate absorption 8% to the upper ground biomass. The other 12 products did not show any significant growth effect
The Research of the Effect of Azospirillum sp. Inoculant on the Seedling, Growth and Yield of Organic Rice
No full text本研究於一期和二期作水稻秧苗育苗過程分別接種稀釋102 倍、103 倍及104倍等液態固氮螺旋菌Azospirillum sp.菌劑，以未施用菌劑為對照處理，評估該菌劑對秧苗生育效益；及探討有機水稻每公頃施用150 kg、100 kg 及75 kg 氮素之有機質肥料，並施用稀釋102 倍菌劑對植株生育的影響。秧苗試驗結果顯示：一期作施用菌劑處理之秧苗根長皆明顯大於未施用菌劑處理；田間試驗結果顯示：一期作每公頃施用75 kg 氮素之有機質肥料及未施用有機質肥料，並施用菌劑處理之株高分別為112 cm 與104 cm，高於未施用菌劑之對照處理 (108 cm 與100 cm)。另施用菌劑處理之分蘗數與穗數亦顯略高於未施用菌劑處理的趨勢。除此，每公頃施用75 kg 氮素之有機質肥料並施用菌劑處理者之每欉稻稈乾重為57 g，高於未施用菌劑處理者 (49 g)；二期作每公頃施用150 kg 氮素之有機質肥料並施用菌劑處理之株高為98 cm，顯著高於未施用菌劑處理 (93 cm)。每100 欉稻穀乾重為3.43 kg顯著高於未施用菌劑處理 (3.15 kg)，相當於每公頃乾稻穀重為5.01 ton，比未施用菌劑處理增加9.1%。
The objective of this plan is to assess the effect of Azospirillum sp. inoculum on the rice seedling and the growth and yield of organic rice in the field. The rice seedling’s experiment was performed on the seedling trays in the first and second crop, respectively. The treatments of rice seeds were steeped in different concentrations of Azospirillum sp. inoculum (10-2, 10-3, 10-4 and control). The results of rice seedlings showed the root length of treatment with Azospirillum sp. inoculum was obviously higher than the control without inoculum in the first crop. Additionally, the rice seedlings with Azospirillum sp. inoculum diluted to 10-2 and without inoculum were chosen for the field experiments, and the results showed the height of treatment with inoculum for applying 75 kg and 0 kg of nitrogen per hectare were about 112 cm and 104 cm, respectively in the first crop that were higher than without inoculum (108 cm, 100 cm). Additionally, there was a tendency that the tiller numbers and panicle numbers treated with inoculum were also slightly higher than without inoculum. Moreover, the dry weight of rice straw per plant of treatment with inoculum and applied 75 kg of nitrogen per hectare was about 75g that was also higher than control (49 g). In the second crop, the plant height applied 150 kg of nitrogen per hectare and adding inoculum was about 98 cm that was higher than without inoculum (93 cm), and the dry grain yield of rice straw per 100 plants was about 3.43 kg that was significantly higher than control (3.15 kg). That was, the treatment applied 150 kg of nitrogen per hectare and with inoculum was about 5.01 ton that was higher than control (4.59 ton) about 9.1%
Genomic and phenotypic evaluation of rice susceptible check TN1 collected in Taiwan
No full textBackground Taichung Native 1 (TN1), a variety of rice (Oryza sativa L.) developed in Taiwan, has played a key role in the green revolution of this major staple crop because of its semi-dwarf characteristics. Due to its susceptibility, it has been used as a susceptibility indicator in rice insect and pathogen resistance studies worldwide. While within-variety differences have been reported for agronomic traits in other rice varieties, no study has addressed the within-variety consistency of pathogen and insect susceptibility of TN1, which would influence the result interpretation of plant-pest interaction studies. Therefore, the objective of this study was to evaluate the genomic consistency and to assess a range of agronomic and insect susceptibility traits in three representative accessions of TN1 in Taiwan. Results Among these three accessions, two were identical across 43,325 genome-wide single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) while the third one differed at four SNPs. Of the three accessions of TN1, there were minor differences in seed length, seed breadth, length/width ratio, number of leaves and tillers, and number of unfilled seeds. Besides, there was no effect on relative growth rate of Cnaphalocrocis medinalis larvae fed on the three accession sources. Furthermore, there is no different on plant susceptibility among these three accessions against C. medinalis and Nilaparvata lugens. Conclusion Our study indicates that it is appropriate to use TN1 in Taiwan to test for rice insect susceptibility as it yields consistent results
咖啡果小蠹噴藥防治時機及化學藥劑篩選
No full text咖啡果小蠹是台灣入侵的新興害蟲，目前台灣仍無任何的化學藥劑推薦用於防治本害蟲，本文針對咖啡上現有防治害蟲的推薦藥劑進行室內藥劑篩選，結果顯示40.8% 陶斯松水基乳劑 (稀釋1500 倍) 對咖啡果小蠹具有毒殺效果，2.4%第滅寧水懸劑 (稀釋1500倍)次之。惟使用化學藥劑會有農藥殘留及使害蟲產生抗藥性的風險，建議如要使用已推薦於咖啡上的化學藥劑進行共同防治，需要遵守安全採收期及藥劑輪用，並且搭配多種的防治方式來防治田間的咖啡果小蠹，才能達到農藥減量的生產模式
Screening of Rice Mutants from a Sodium Azide Derived Mutation Pool of Tainung 67 Variety: Grain Appearance and Amylose Mutants
No full text本試驗以疊氮化鈉誘變所建立之台農67號突變庫已純化之1，120個M7世代突變品系為材料，進行米粒外觀及直鏈性澱粉含量突變體之篩選，結果發現突變品系之白米率及完整米率之突變範圍分別為44~81%及0~78%。突變親台農67號之穀粒外穎及種皮為無色，米粒呈透明，透明度中等，部份米粒有腹白，極少數有心白發生。經誘變後發現有完全心白、完全腹白及不同程度之乳白粒突變體出現，部分品系透明度增加，呈晶瑩剔透狀，但也有很多品系變成似糯性之不透明色。突變後米粒直鏈性澱粉含量分佈範圍從糯性至31%，變異範圍明顯廣大，且呈連續分布。而具有相同直鏈性澱粉含量之突變品系其農藝性狀、千粒重、結實率及米粒型態也呈現相當大之變異。利用糙米橫切面碘液染色，可快速分辨糥性與非糯性突變體、乳白米與糯米突變體，然而所分離的糥性突變品系間，仍有部分直鏈性澱粉合成之差異存在。總之，疊氮化鈉誘變劑誘導水稻台農67號產生許多碾米品質、米粒外觀及直鏈性澱粉含量差異之突變體，提供同一米質多樣性變異之資源，可直接評估其利用性或作為探討澱粉合成之機制及影響米質之相關生理生化特性之材料，提供改進米質與產量之參考。
In this paper, we report the screening of grain appearance and amylose content from 1,120 mutants in M7 generation of a mutation pool derived from TNG67 rice variety induced by sodium azide mutagenesis. The results show that the range of variations in milled rice rate and head rice rate are 44-81% and 0-78%, respectively. The grains of TNG67 variety show colorless husk and seed coat, middle translucent and partial white-belly, mutants colored husks and seed coats, high translucent, all white-belly, milk-white and transparent grains are observed. The grain amylose content of mutants shows continuous distribution to 31%. Mutants with similar amylose content possess various grain characteristics in 1000-grain weight, grain filling rate and morphological shape. Grain cross-section staining with iodide could be applied to differentiate the waxy mutant from non-waxy, milk-white, and waxy-pigmented mutants. These grain mutants provide good materials for rice food processing and starch metabolism studies, and germplasms for rice variety and quality improvement
