Taiwan Agricultural Research Institute Council of Agriculture, Executive Yuan
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(農業試驗所特刊第226號)Proceedings of the Symposium on Fertility and Function Assessment and its Verification for Phosphate-solubilizing Bacteria
No full text化學肥料與農藥的使用及相關農業科技的進步，為我國農業創造前所未有的成就，但隨著臺灣經濟情況改善，國民飲食習慣及對農產品安全要求也跟著改變。有越來越多的消費者注意到過多的化學肥料與農藥的使用，將會影響農產品的品質、自然生態環境與消費者的健康。因此，推動永續農業與友善環境的觀念，已廣泛受到各先進國家的重視。如何減少化學肥料及農藥的施用，而又能兼顧農業生產的質與量，已被視為農業研究的新方向。利用來自土壤中的微生物，將土壤中過多或不易利用的化學肥料重新釋放並增加植株吸收的作法，不但能符合上述的要求，且可降低農業的生產成本，確保農民的收益
Effect of Phosphate Solubilizing Bacteria on the Growth of Millet in Soil with Different Phosphorus Content
No full text為測試溶磷菌肥 (功) 效在田間的應用，本場選擇臺東地區代表性作物小米，進行溶磷菌在不同磷含量的土壤對小米生長的效應，結果顯示以處理一 (溶磷菌有機肥) 的產量在低及中磷試區與對照有顯著差異，如單純施用液態溶磷菌則在各區均無顯著差異，綜合施肥法以液態溶磷菌為基礎，深入根系施用，與對照有差異，惟可能缺乏能長久維持溶磷菌生存的有機質及養分，因此效益不顯著；綜上試驗顯示參與本試驗之市售二款溶磷菌在小米生長的效應方面高磷區因不缺肥，溶磷菌較無法發揮效益，在中低磷區，因各項養分均不高，因此溶磷菌有機肥得以發揮效用。
In order to test the application of phosphate solubilizing fertilizer in the field, we selected the representative crop millet in Taitung area to carry out the effect of phosphate solubilizing bacteria on the growth of millet with different phosphorus content. The results showed that the yield of treatment one (phosphate solubilizing bacteria within organic manure) was significantly different between the low and medium soil phosphorus content areas with the control. The application of liquid phosphate solubilizing fertilizer was not significantly different in all areas. The comprehensive fertilization method was based on liquid phosphate solubilizing fertilizer, even if it was applied deep into the root system. There may be a lack of organic matter and nutrients that can sustain the survival of phosphate solubilizing bacteria for a long time, so there is no significant benefit in every treatment. The result showed that the two commercially phosphate solubilizing bacteria in this test have no any millet growth promotion in the high soil phosphorus content area, and in the lowand medium- soil phosphorus content area, the nutrients of soil are not high, so the phosphate solubilizing bacteria with organic manure can be effective
Methods and Effects of Phosphate-solubilizing Microbial Fertilizers Application at Taro in Paddy Field
No full text由於水芋的養分利用率低，水芋肥料推薦量非常高，使養分回收率偏低，造成肥料投入的浪費。藉由溶磷菌肥料的輔助，提升養分吸收能力，可能比單純使用化學或有機質肥料，更能提升肥料利用。本研究於2018 年春作水芋分別執行溶磷菌肥料肥功效田間驗證試驗及溶磷菌肥料整合性施肥試驗。肥功效田間驗證試驗使用2 種市售液態溶磷菌肥料，並依據施肥量及溶磷菌肥料型式分為9 種處理，整合性施肥試驗則發展溶磷菌肥料與化學肥料及有機質肥料等整合性施肥技術，並確認溶磷菌肥料肥功效。肥功效田間驗證試驗顯示，全量施肥有最高的養分吸收量、生質量及產量，可能是土壤交換性鉀過高，使氮的供應成為限制因子，但是2/3 肥料用量下，施用其中1 種溶磷菌肥料活菌處理，養分吸收量、生質量及產量與全量施肥沒有差異，顯示該溶磷菌肥料有助於肥料減量。整合性施肥試驗顯示，在肥料用量相同情形下，施用溶磷菌處理者，地下部根長較對照處理長，地上部莖基寬度、葉長、葉寬及生質量較對照處理高，產量亦高於對照處理，溶磷菌肥料肥功效顯著。溶磷菌肥料應用於水芋栽培，建議土壤肥力應維持平衡，避免養分供應成為限制因子，溶磷菌肥料施用頻率2 週1 次，並增加溶磷菌施用次數，可能使肥功效更明顯。
The verification field test and the integrated fertilization test of phosphate-solubilizing microbial fertilizers were carried out at taro in paddy field at 2018. Fertilizer verification field test used 2 kinds of commercially available liquid phosphate-solubilizing microbial fertilizers. This field test had 9 treatments according to the rate of fertilizer and phosphate-solubilizing microbial fertilizers type. The integrated fertilization test aim at the development of microbial fertilizer, chemical fertilizer and organic fertilizer integrated fertilization technology, which will help in confirm the effect of phosphate-solubilizing microbial fertilizers. Fertilizer verification field test showed that full rate of fertilization has the highest nutrient absorption, biomass and yield, may caused by the high soil exchange potassium which result in the supply of nitrogen becomes a limiting factor. The treatment of 2/3 rate of fertilization and application of one kinds of phosphate-solubilizing microbial fertilizers, nutrient absorption, biomass and yield are not significant different with full rate of fertilization. The integrated fertilization test showed that under the same fertilizer rate, the root length was longer than that of the control treatment, the shoot width, leave length, leaf width and biomass were higher than that of the control, and the yield was higher than that of the control treatment. The application of phosphate-solubilizing microbial fertilizers at taro in paddy field must base on well soil fertility. Increasing in frequency and times of microbial fertilizer application may strengthen the fertilizer effect
The Influence of Biochar Amendment on the Growth of Romaine Lettuce, the Soil Physical-Chemical Properties and Microbial Flora
No full text生物炭已被廣泛運用作為土壤添加劑，但生物炭仍有負面影響之報導，本文探討生物炭施用後對蘿蔓萵苣生長、土壤理化性質與土壤微生物群落組成及多樣性之影響。本試驗於2018 年3 月進行。試驗地點在高雄區農業改良場，試驗作物為蘿蔓萵苣，生物炭種類為木炭、稻殼燻炭及稻殼灰炭，生物炭施用量每公頃20噸。田間試驗主要由高雄區農業改良場規劃管理，農試所負責在蘿蔓萵苣種植前與採收後檢測土壤之理化性質與分析土壤之微生物群落組成及多樣性。試驗結果顯示：(1) 施用木炭可增加蘿蔓萵苣產量24%，而施用稻穀燻炭與稻穀炭灰會降低蘿蔓萵苣產量，分別降低產量29%與60%。(2) 施用木炭及稻殼灰炭可提高土壤pH 值。(3) 施用木炭、稻殼燻碳及稻殼灰炭皆可提高土壤有效性鉀含量。(4) 施用木炭可顯著降低有效性鐵與銅含量。(5) 施用木炭、稻殼燻碳及稻殼灰炭可降低土壤DNA 含量。(6) 施用木炭可顯著提高底土微生物碳源的利用率。(7) 施用木炭、稻殼燻炭及稻殼灰炭可降低土壤總細菌數、游離性固氮菌數及溶磷菌數。(8) 施用稻殼燻炭與稻殼灰炭可提高子囊菌的數量。
Biochar has been used nationwide as soil amendment; even though there is still some negative effect to the crop growth reported. In this paper, the influence of biochar amendment to the growth of romaine lettuce was explored in terms of soil physical-chemical properties and composition of microbial flora as well as biodiversity. The experiment was conducted in March 2018. Experiment site was located in Kaohsiung District Agricultural Research and Extension Station (KDARES). The test plant was romaine lettuce (Lactuca sativa L. var. longifolia). The biochar included charcoal, carbonized rice husk and rice husk ash. Field trial plots were designed and managed by KDARES. Biochar was incorporated 20 tons per hectare. Soil samples were collected before planting and after harvest separately for the related analyses. The test results indicated that (i) charcoal amendment could increase crop yield 24%; carbonized rice husk and rice husk ash decrease crop yield 29% and 60% respectively, (ii) charcoal and rice husk ash could enhance soil pH, (iii) all of tested biochar could increase soil available potassium, (iv) charcoal amendment could significantly lower the quantity of available irons and coppers, (v) all of tested biochar could lower the DNA quantity in soil, (vi) charcoal amendment could enhance significantly microbial carbon utilization rate in subsoil, (vii) all of biochar amendment could lower total bacterial, free-living nitrogen fixing bacterial and phosphate-solubilizing bacterial counts, (viii) amendment of carbonized rice husk and rice husk ash could promote the quantity of ascomycetes
Successive subculture induced the degeneration of virulence and development on Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. niveum
No full text(農業試驗所特刊第227)Latuca sativa L. Germplasm Illustrations (II)
No full text萵苣（Latuca sativa L.）植株的形態及色彩種類相當多樣·深受皇灣及全球消費者所喜愛·其中結球萵黃更是我國蔬菜外銷的主力作物之一·每年的11月至翌年的3月為主要的供貨時期·外銷匡家為日本、南幃、新加坡及香港等地區·每年為室灣賺取不少的外匯·並增進農民的收益
Genetic Variation of Physicochemical Properties and Digestibility of Foxtail Millet (Setaria italica) Landraces of Taiwan
No full textFoxtail millet is considered a 'smart food' because of nutrient richness and resilience to environments. A diversity panel of 92 foxtail millet landraces preserved by Taiwan indigenous peoples containing amylose content (AC) in the range of 0.7% to 16.9% exhibited diverse physiochemical properties revealed by a rapid viscosity analyzer (RVA). AC was significantly correlated with 5 RVA parameters, and some RVA parameters were also highly correlated with one another. In comparison to rice, foxtail millet contained less starch (65.9-73.1%) and no significant difference in totals of resistant starch (RS), slowly digestible starch (SDS), hydrolysis index (HI), and expected glycemic index (eGI) according to in vitro digestibility assays of raw flour with similar AC. RS was significantly positively correlated with AC and four RVA parameters, cold paste viscosity (CPV), setback viscosity (SBV), peak time (PeT), and pasting temperature (PaT), implying that suitable food processing to alter physicochemical properties of foxtail millet might mitigate hyperglycemia. This investigation of pasting properties and digestibility of diverse foxtail millet germplasm revealed much variation and showed potential for multi-dimensional utilizations in daily staple food and food industries
(農業試驗所特刊第179號)東亞遷移性水稻害蟲及管理對策(修訂再版)
No full text水稻為國人主要糧食作物，生長期中可能遭受病、蟲、草害而導致嚴重損失，單就害蟲危害，在第二期稻可造成3,1~90.2%，平均30％左右的損失，損失量約為第一期稻的兩倍。第二期稻的被害變異範圍與平均危害程度，皆較第一期稻嚴重，主要是受海外遷入的稻飛蝨類及瘤野螟等遷移性害蟲之遷入數量的影響所致。這些由海外遷入的害蟲，除可增加族群的密度及危害程度外，對藥劑的感受性或對抗蟲品種水稻反應的差異，以及媒介水稻病毒病害的情況，都可能對台灣地區的蟲害管理造成衝擊
