1,721,075 research outputs found
Suzuki_OpenPracticesDisclosure_rev – Supplemental material for Intentional Binding Without Intentional Action
No full textSupplemental material, Suzuki_OpenPracticesDisclosure_rev for Intentional Binding Without Intentional Action by Keisuke Suzuki, Peter Lush, Anil K. Seth and Warrick Roseboom in Psychological Science</p
Serial dependence in timing perception
No full textRecent sensory history affects subsequent experience. Behavioural results have demonstrated this effect in two forms: repeated exposure to the same sensory input produces negative after-effects wherein sensory stimuli like that previously experienced are judged as less like the exposed stimulation, while singular exposures can produce positive after-effects wherein judgements are more like previously experienced stimulation. For timing perception, there is controversy regarding the influence of recent exposure - both singular and repeated exposure produce apparently negative after-effects - often referred to as temporal recalibration and rapid temporal recalibration, respectively. While negative after-effects have been found following repeated exposure for all timing tasks, following a single exposure, they have only been demonstrated using synchrony judgements (SJ). Here, we examine the influence of a single presentation – serial dependence for timing – for standard timing tasks: SJ, temporal order judgements (TOJ), and magnitude estimation judgements (MJ). We found that serial dependence produced apparently negative after-effects in SJ, but positive after-effects in TOJ and MJ. We propose that these findings, and those following repeated exposure, can be reconciled within a framework wherein negative after-effects occur at sensory layers, consistent with classical depictions of sensory adaptation, and Bayesian-like positive after-effects operating across different, higher, decision levels. These findings are consistent with the after-effects known from other perceptual dimensions and provide a general framework for interpreting positive (serial dependence) and negative (sensory adaptation) after-effects across different tasks
Serial dependence in timing perception
No full textRecent sensory history affects subsequent experience. Behavioural results have demonstrated this effect in two forms: repeated exposure to the same sensory input produces negative after-effects wherein sensory stimuli like that previously experienced are judged as less like the exposed stimulation, while singular exposures can produce positive after-effects wherein judgements are more like previously experienced stimulation. For timing perception, there is controversy regarding the influence of recent exposure - both singular and repeated exposure produce apparently negative after-effects - often referred to as temporal recalibration and rapid temporal recalibration, respectively. While negative after-effects have been found following repeated exposure for all timing tasks, following a single exposure, they have only been demonstrated using synchrony judgements (SJ). Here, we examine the influence of a single presentation – serial dependence for timing – for standard timing tasks: SJ, temporal order judgements (TOJ), and magnitude estimation judgements (MJ). We found that serial dependence produced apparently negative after-effects in SJ, but positive after-effects in TOJ and MJ. We propose that these findings, and those following repeated exposure, can be reconciled within a framework wherein negative after-effects occur at sensory layers, consistent with classical depictions of sensory adaptation, and Bayesian-like positive after-effects operating across different, higher, decision levels. These findings are consistent with the after-effects known from other perceptual dimensions and provide a general framework for interpreting positive (serial dependence) and negative (sensory adaptation) after-effects across different tasks
Staying in Sync: Strategies to determine audiovisual synchrony in temporally cluttered environments
No full textThe world is a fundamentally multisensory place, with many physical events generating signals that can be encoded in multiple sensory modalities, such as audition and vision. Our ability to interact effectively with our environment is dependent on being able to quickly and accurately combine these multiple streams of sensory information to form coherent percepts. However, this is by no means a trivial task. Many factors play a critical role in determining the extent to which multiple signals, originating from the same physical event, will be combined into a singular multisensory representation. In the case of the perceived timing of audition and vision, a critical obstacle that must be overcome is the different physical and neural transmission speeds of audio and visual signals. An extensive body of research has suggested several key strategies through which these problems might be resolved. While many of these strategies provide effective solutions to the problem of variable discrepancies in signal timing, they are often based on experiments conducted in temporally sparse environments, presenting only a single audiovisual (AV) signal pair. As such, fundamental problems remain as to how they might be implemented in the complex, temporally cluttered environments in which humans exist. In order to operate effectively in temporally cluttered environments, AV synchrony strategies would need to be highly flexible. Previous studies have suggested that, at least with regards to different types of AV stimuli, the combination of audio and visual signals is flexible. However, it is unclear to what extent these strategies remain effective in the presence of other temporally proximate sensory signals. The purpose of this thesis is to explore whether these AV synchrony strategies remain effective in scenarios containing multiple possible interpretations of AV temporal relationships. In particular, Chapters 2 and 3 examine the role of temporal context between multiple, temporally proximate, sensory signals in determining the temporal synchrony of a given AV signal pair. The conclusion of these studies is that temporal context is crucial in determining specific multisensory relationships, and suggests that the absolute accuracy of audiovisual timing judgements may have been systematically underestimated by previous studies. Chapter 4 takes a different approach to examining how AV synchrony is achieved, investigating the role of contextual congruency between multiple audio and visual signal pairs in establishing appropriate estimates of AV timing. The results of this study demonstrate that we are capable of concurrently maintaining multiple, contextually appropriate, estimates of AV timing for distinct AV pairs. These three chapters constitute the empirical contribution of this thesis. Together, they demonstrate that some of the processes critical to perception of AV synchrony are highly flexible and able to provide appropriate and accurate interpretations from temporally uncertain scenarios. The impact of these studies on our understanding of how unified AV representations are formed and future directions for these investigations are discussed
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Serious problems with interpreting rubber hand “Illusion” experiments
No full textThe rubber hand “illusion” (RHI), in which participants report experiences of ownership over a fake hand, appears to demonstrate that subjective ownership over one's body can be easily disrupted. It was recently shown that existing methods of controlling for suggestion effects in RHI responding are invalid. It was also shown that propensity to agree with RHI ownership statements is correlated with trait phenomenological control (response to imaginative suggestion). There is currently disagreement regarding the extent to which this relationship may cofound interpretation of RHI measures. Here we present the results of simulated experiments to demonstrate that a relationship between trait phenomenological control and RHI responding of the size reported would fundamentally change the way existing RHI results must be interpreted. Using real participant data, each simulated experiment used a sample biased in selection for trait phenomenological control. We find that using experiment samples comprised only of participants higher in trait phenomenological control almost guarantees that an experiment provides evidence consistent with RHI. By contrast, samples comprised of only participants lower in trait phenomenological control find evidence for RHI only around half the time - and of greater concern, evidence specifically for “ownership” experience just 4% of the time. These findings clearly contradict claims that the magnitude of relationship between phenomenological control and RHI responding is a minor concern, demonstrating that the presence of participants higher in trait phenomenological control in a given RHI experiment sample is critical for finding evidence consistent with RHI. Further study and theorising regarding RHI (and related effects) must take into account the role that trait phenomenological control plays in participant experience and responses during RHI experiments
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