196,583 research outputs found
Os Direitos autorais como fator de desenvolvimento da economia criativa
No full textDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro de Ciências Jurídicas, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Direito, Florianópolis, 2013.O objetivo desta dissertação consiste em analisar os direitos autorais como um fator de desenvolvimento da economia criativa. No curso da historia da humanidade, a criatividade foi determinante para a evolução social, cultural, econômica e humana. Como atributo do ser humano, ela e responsável por todo tipo de inventividade capaz de mostrar novos rumos para o futuro. Ela determina os movimentos sociais, as tecnologias aplicadas e as manifestações culturais e artísticas. E a criatividade que, ao conceber e sugerir o novo, contribui para o desenvolvimento em todas as suas dimensões. A sociedade industrial, pautada no modelo da ordem liberal burguesa, sob a égide do individualismo e do patrimonialismo, em que a produção de bens centrava-se na escassez material de insumos naturais não-renováveis, evoluiu para o paradigma da sociedade informacional, fortemente influenciada pela revolução das tecnologias da informação, em que o fluxo e o acesso a informação e ao conhecimento atingiram uma dimensão jamais vista. Com o novo paradigma social, o conhecimento - e, depois dele, a criatividade - passou a elemento central da economia. Assim, a nova economia pauta-se no simbólico, na abertura, na diversidade e no livre acesso a cultura e ao conhecimento para a produção de bens e serviços imateriais criativos. Logo, se a nova economia e criativa para o seu desenvolvimento, deve-se investir no estímulo da criatividade das pessoas. Para isso, destacam-se os direitos autorais, que podem viabilizar o acesso a cultura e ao conhecimento em prol do interesse publico. Verifica-se como problemática, nesse sentido, a necessária reforma da atual Lei dos Direitos Autorais (LDA), por conservar a essência privatista e individualista do modelo liberal em defesa dos interesses dos autores. Apresentam-se como fundamentos para a reforma da LDA prerrogativas como o direito ao desenvolvimento, o direito de acesso a cultura e a realização da função social dos direitos autorais. Pensar uma lei autoral que viabilize o acesso a imaterialidade criativa e fundamental para estimular a nova economia. O desafio que se apresenta e encontrar o equilíbrio entre os interesses privados dos autores e empresas e o interesse publico sobre as obras autorais. Para tanto, os direitos autorais apresentam-se como um fator de desenvolvimento para a economia criativa. No trabalho foi utilizado o método de abordagem dedutivo, de procedimento monográfico e a técnica de pesquisa bibliográfica.Abstract : The objective of this dissertation is to examine copyright as a development factor of the creative economy. In the course of human history, creativity was crucial to the social, cultural and economic evolution. As an attribute of human beings, it is responsible for all kinds of inventiveness capable of showing new directions for the future. It determines social movements, the technologies applied and cultural and artistic events. It is creativity that, by conceiving and suggesting new things, contributes to developments in every dimension. Industrial society, based on the model of liberal-bourgeois order, under the aegis of individualism and patrimonialism, in which the production of goods was focused on material scarcity of non-renewable natural resources, evolved into the paradigm of informational society, strongly influenced by the Information Technology Revolution, in which the flow and access to information and knowledge reached a dimension never seen before. With the new social paradigm, knowledge, followed by creativity, became the central element of the economy. Thereby, the new economy is driven by what's symbolic, openness, diversity and free access to culture and knowledge for the production of creative goods and intangibles. Therefore, if the new economy is creative to its own development, there should be investments in the creativity of people. For that, copyrights that may facilitate access to culture and knowledge on behalf of the public interest stand out. It can be seen as problematic in these terms the indispensable reform of the current Copyright Act, for it preserves the essence of the privatized and individualistic liberal model in defense of the authors' interests. Placed as foundations for the reform of copyright law are prerogatives such as the right to development, the right of access to culture and the accomplishment of the social function of copyright. It is therefore vital for the stimulation of the new economy the development of a copyright law that makes feasible the access to the creative immateriality. The challenge that presents itself is to find the balance between the private interests of authors and the public interest in relation to copyright works. And so copyright comes forward as a factor for the development of the creative economy. This paper used the deductive reasoning and bibliographical research
Testing for Abrasion Resistance of WC-Co Composites for Blades Used in Wood-Based Material Processing
No full textCommonly used tool materials for machining wood-based materials are WC-Co carbides. Although they have been known for a long time, there is still much development in the field of sintered tool materials, especially WC-Co carbides and superhard materials. The use of new manufacturing methods (such as FAST—field-assisted sintering technology), which use pulses of electric current for heating, can improve the properties of the materials used for cutting tools, thereby increasing the cost-effectiveness of machining. The ability to increase tool life without the downtime associated with tool wear allows significant cost savings, particularly in mass production. This paper presents the results of a study of the effect of grain size and cobalt content of carbide tool sinters on the tribological properties of the materials studied. The powders used for consolidation were characterised by irregular shape and formed agglomerates of different sizes. Tribological tests were carried out using the T-01 (ball-on-disc) method. In order to determine the wear kinetics, the entire friction path was divided into 15 cycles of 200 m and the weight loss was measured after each stage. In order to determine the mechanism and intensity of wear of the tested materials under technically dry friction conditions, the surface of the tested sinters was observed before the test and after 5, 10, and 15 cycles. The conclusions of the study indicate that the predominant effect of surface cooperation at the friction node is abrasion due to the material chipping that occurs during the process. The results confirm the influence of sintered grain size and cobalt content on durability. In the context of the application of the materials in question for cutting tools, it can be pointed out that sintered WC(0.4)_4 has the highest potential for use in the manufacture of cutting tools.</p
Archiving nature’s heartbeat using smart phones
No full textThe impact of urban development and climate change has created the impetus to monitor changes in the environment, particularly, the behaviour, habitat and movement of fauna species. The aim of this chapter is to present the design and development of a sensor network based on smart phones to automatically collect and analyse acoustic and visual data for environmental monitoring purposes. Due to the communication and sophisticated programming facilities offered by smart phones, software tools can be developed to allow data to be collected, partially processed and sent to a remote server over the network for storage and further processing. This sensor network which employs a client-server architecture has been deployed in three applications: monitoring a rare bird species near Brisbane Airport, study of koalas behaviour at St Bees Island, and detection of fruit flies. The users of this system include scientists (e.g. ecologists, ornithologists, computer scientists) and community groups participating in data collection or reporting on the environment (e.g. students, bird watchers). The chapter focuses on the following aspects of our research: issues involved in using smart phones as sensors; the overall framework for data acquisition, data quality control, data management and analysis; current and future applications of the smart phone-based sensor network, and our future research directions
Os impactos da propriedade intelectual do software sobre o desenvolvimento no contexto da sociedade da informação
No full textDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro de Ciências Jurídicas, Programa de Pós-graduação em Direito, Florianópolis, 2009A propriedade intelectual do software permanece um tema controvertido no direito. A partir da assinatura do Acordo sobre Aspectos dos Direitos de Propriedade Intelectual Relacionados ao Comércio (TRIPS), em 1994, no âmbito da Organização Mundial do Comércio (OMC) estabeleceu-se que os programas de computador seriam protegidos como obras literárias, aplicando-se a eles o arcabouço jurídico internacional já existente do Direito de Autor e do Copyright. No entanto, a adoção deste sistema de proteção deu-se mais por razões pragmáticas do que por uma identidade perfeita entre o objeto a ser tutelado e o ramo do direito escolhido. As características específicas do software fizeram com que, ao longo das últimas décadas, surgissem diversas questões relevantes, das quais se ocuparam tanto os doutrinadores como as cortes dos diversos países integrantes da OMC. Hoje verifica-se a existência de uma sobreposição entre dois tipos de proteção principais: o Direito de Autor e/ou Copyright e o sistema de patentes. O Direito de Autor continua a proteger o programa de computador, tendo em vista a norma dispositiva do TRIPS. No entanto, um grande número de escritórios de patentes locais (incluindo o escritório de patentes norte-americano - USPTO - e o japonês - JPO) passaram a admitir o patenteamento das chamadas "invenções relacionadas a programas de computador". Os conflitos internos, decorrentes da inserção de uma obra essencialmente funcional sob a tutela do Direito de Autor e do Copyright, bem como os conflitos entre a proteção autoral e a proteção patentária dos diversos elementos do software, suscitam questões extremamente interessantes e de grande relevância no momento atual. Isto porque, neste início do novo século, a sociedade está passando por uma transformação significativa, abandonando a organização típica da sociedade industrial e passando a uma nova configuração que se convencionou chamar Sociedade da Informação. Na essência desta nova configuração da sociedade encontram-se as Tecnologias de Informação e Comunicação (TICs), das quais o software é parte essencial. A delimitação da tutela do software neste novo contexto pode ter impactos significativos sobre o desenvolvimento econômico e social. Neste estudo pretendemos analisar os pontos positivos e negativos dos dois sistemas que se sobrepõem na proteção do software à luz dos princípios estabelecidos na Declaração do Milênio, adotada pela Assembléia das Nações Unidas, que estabeleceu os objetivos de desenvolvimento para as próximas décadas. Nosso objetivo é demonstrar que a definição dos contornos da proteção do software deve levar em conta tanto o seu papel na nova configuração da sociedade quanto os objetivos traçados pela Declaração do Milênio.The intellectual property protection of computer software remains a controversial issue. The execution of the Trade Related Intellectual Property Rights Agreement (TRIPS) in 1994, under the World Trade Organization, established that computer programs would be protected as literary works, and therefore the international legal framework already established for Copyright protection would be applicable to such works. However, the adoption of such protective system was a result of practical considerations, rather than a perfect match between the object of legal protection and the chosen legal framework. The specific characteristics of computer software have led, along the past decades, to the emergence of several important issues, which have been addressed both by legal scholars and by the courts of the several WTO-member countries. The situation today allows for the existence of an overlapping between to main systems of protection: Copyright and the patent System. While copyright protects computer programs in view of the mandatory rule included in the TRIPS Agreement, a significant number of local patent offices (including the USPTO and the JPO) grant patents to the so-called "computer software related inventions". The internal conflicts, arising from the insertion of an essentially functional work within the scope of Copyright Law, as well as the conflicts arising between Copyright protection and patent protection of the different elements of computer software raise extremely interesting issues, which are also very relevant at this moment, when society is undergoing a significant change, letting go of the traditional Industrial Era structure and merging into a new configuration which has been tagged "Information Society". In the essence of such new configuration of society are the Communication and Information Technologies (CITs), of which computer software is an essential part. In this study we intend to analyze the positive and negative aspects of both systems for software protection, based on the principles established in the Millenium Declaration adopted by the United Nations Assembly, which established the development goals for the next decades. Our goal is to demonstrate that computer software protection should be determined taking into account both its role in the new social configuration and the objectives established by the Millenium Declaration
A Biblioteca pública digital: direito autoral e acesso na sociedade informacional
No full textDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro de Ciências Jurídicas, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Direito, Florianópolis, 2011O objetivo principal desta pesquisa é a análise do estatuto jurídico das bibliotecas pelo prisma do direito autoral, com ênfase no papel exercido pela biblioteca pública como instrumento de acesso à cultura e à informação, e como é possível manter esta missão no ambiente digital. O primeiro capítulo da pesquisa apresenta, a partir da doutrina selecionada, conceitos sobre a sociedade informacional e suas relações com o Direito. Traz ainda as bases normativas do princípio do acesso à informação, em diversos níveis, bem como iniciativas filosóficas e autoregulatórias para organização de informações técnicas ou intelectuais. O segundo capítulo descreve o funcionamento do sistema internacional de direitos autorais e traça um panorama de seus limites, com ênfase para as interpretações de organismos multilaterais. Por fim, o terceiro capítulo apresenta um histórico das bibliotecas e de suas bases jurídicas e normativas, observações sobre os institutos da digitalização e disponibilização de obras por bibliotecas, bem como apresenta algumas propostas legislativas no nível internacional, com as conclusões encontradas.The main objective of this research is the analysis of the legal status of libraries through the prism of copyright, emphasizing the role played by the public library as a means of access to culture and information, and how to sustain this mission in the digital environment. The first chapter brings some instrumental concepts from the selected doctrine, regarding the informational society and its relations with the law. It also presents the normative basis of the principle of access to information at various levels, as well as philosophical or self-regulatory initiatives for access to technical or intellectual information. The second chapter describes the operation of the international copyright system and presents an overview of its limits, with emphasis on the interpretations of multilateral organisms. Finally, the third chapter presents a history of libraries and its legal basis and regulations, with comments on the institutes of digitization and making available of works by libraries, and examines some legislative proposals for libraries limitations at the international level, with the conclusions found
Medidas de fronteira Trips-Plus: implicações e limites à expansão de normas de observância dos direitos de propriedade intelectual
No full textDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro de Ciências Jurídicas, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Direito, Florianópolis, 2011O objetivo geral deste trabalho consiste em analisar as novas disposições em matéria de observância dos direitos de propriedade intelectual por meio de medidas de fronteira surgidas em novos foros que discutem e regulamentam o tema. Foram utilizados o método de abordagem dedutivo, o método de procedimento monográfico e a técnica de pesquisa bibliográfica. Os novos foros e regras surgem do entendimento por parte dos países desenvolvidos de que é necessário aumentar os padrões internacionais de proteção dos direitos de propriedade intelectual, suscitando questionamentos sobre as implicações desta expansão no desenvolvimento e na manutenção do equilíbrio entre interesse público e privado. É necessário observar estas normas por meio dos limites e padrões máximos existentes no Acordo TRIPS para que sejam alcançadas orientações que possibilitem a criação de normas equilibradas de medidas de fronteira, avaliando custos e benefícios, preservando interesse público e privado, deixando espaço para autonomia e flexibilidades para os países se desenvolverem.The main objective of this work is to analyze the new provisions in matter of enforcement of intellectual property rights through border measures arising in new forums that discuss and regulate the subject. Were used the deductive approach method, the monographic procedure method and the literature research technique. The new forums and rules emerge from the developed countries# understanding that it#s necessary to increase the international standards of intellectual property rights protection, raising questions about the implications of this expansion in developing and maintaining the balance between public and private interests. It#s necessary to observe these norms through the maximums limits and standards in TRIPS Agreement so that reach the orientations that enable the creation of balanced border measures rules, evaluating costs and benefits, preserving public and private interests, and leaving space for autonomy and flexibility for countries to develop
Dr. Duane M. Jackson, Morehouse College, July 2011
No full textThis video is a conversation with Dr. Duane M. Jackson. Dr. Jackson talks about his paper, "Recall and the Serial Position Effect: The Role of Primacy and Recency on Accounting Students' Performance." Jackie Daniel, AUC Woodruff Library, is the interviewer
"Reflections on the subject of Emigration from Europe with a view to Settlement in the United States" By M. Carey.
No full text"Reflections on the subject of Emigration from Europe with a view to Settlement in the United States: containing bried sketches of the moral and political character of those states.
By M. Carey, member of the American philosophical, and of the American Antiquarian Society, and author of The Olive Branch, Cindiciae Hibernicae, essays on banking, on political economy, and on internal improvement.
To which are now added the English editor's comments on the subject; together with Important Advice to Emigrants, and Cautions Against Impositions Practiced in the Outports
The design of a Bayesian Network for mobility management in Wireless Sensor Networks
No full textMobility in Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) is achieved by attaching sensors to mobile objects such as animals (Juang et al. 2002), people (Campbell et al. 2008), and robots (Dantu et al. 2005). Currently, the research about WSN management is mainly focused on energy management functions to control how sensors should use their power; fault management functions to solve sensor problems; quality of services (QoS) management functions to quantify and control the performance; and mobility management functions to detect the sensor movement so that the network wireless connectivity is always maintained (Wang et al. 2010; Ruiz et al. 2003). However, the sensor mobility has not only an impact on the network connectivity, but also on the network spatial coverage. In mobile WSNs, the extension of the spatial coverage is often changing, and as a result, the region of interest might be inaccurately sensed by the mobile sensors. Therefore, the representation of a movement context is important to avoid making interpretations and decisions outside of the situation in which the WSN is capturing information; and make possible to decide where, when and how the sensing is performed in order to obtain the most suitable spatial coverage of a region of interest. This paper proposes a Bayesian network (BN) approach for making explicit the structural and parametric components of a movement context using WSN metadata. The aim is to infer mobility management requirements when a spatial coverage is incorrectly covering a Region of Interest (ROI), regardless the network connectivity. The BN approach provides several advantages regarding to the probabilistic representation of a movement context, the inference of mobility management requirements based on such a context, and the dynamic updating of the movement context every time new metadata are retrieved from the WSN. Previous research works in WSNs have used a similar approach focusing on energy management (Elnahrawy and Nath 2004) and prediction of sensor movement directions (Coles et al. 2009). The main contribution of our work is the analysis of how well a ROI is being covered by mobile sensors, and what are the requirements to improve that coverage given a movement context. A controlled experiment was carried out and the results show that, when the ROI is not being sufficiently covered by a WSN, the BN can probabilistically infer different mobility management requirements, based on a given movement context. Two movement contexts have been used to illustrate this approach. They are related to whether the sensing is being carried out in an emergency situation or not
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