646 research outputs found
Kontroversi Gaya Komunikasi Politik Presiden K.H. Abdurrahman Wahid
No full textK.H Abdurrahman Wahid is a religious and political figure in Indonesia. As a religious leader Gus Dur was known as the Chair of the PBNU and the great ulama of the descendants of the Banu Hashim. As a politician, Gus Dur is the fourth President of the Republic of Indonesia. Gus Dur's political communication as a religious figure and the President was known to be controversial. The controversial rhetoric of political communication turns out to have a hidden meaning that can be expressed through the study of discourse analysis using the method presented by Teun A. van Dijk. This study uses an interpretive approach with a critical paradigm. The 2001 Presidential Decree became the main focus of the author in expressing the meaning contained in the controversial phenomenon. The results showed that controversial political communication carried out by Gus Dur turned out to save the people from unconstitutional actions. Key words: Political Communication, K.H Abdurrahman Wahid, Critical Discourse Study
Strategi guru PAI dalam membentuk karakter siswa di SMP Wahid Hasyim Malang
No full textABSTRAK
Pendidikan adalah suatu kegiatan yang produktif. Maka, keberhasilan dari proses pendidikan dipengaruhi oleh beberapa faktor. Salah satunya adalah pendidik atau guru. Di Indonesia, istilah pendidik seringkali disamakan dengan guru. Yakni, apabila ia berkata sejatinya bisa digugu, dan apabila ia berperilaku bisa ditiru. Fenomena yang terjadi di tengah-tengah masyarakat kita adalah menurunnya moral dan karakter bangsa. Ada kecenderungan di masyarakat untuk mengatakan bahwa apabila terjadi kerusakan moral dari sebuah organisasi, yang mesti bertanggung jawab adalah pendidikan; lebih khusus lagi adalah para guru. Demikian pula dengan pendidikan karakter. Dari uraian di atas peneliti tertarik mengangkat judul penelitian skripsi tentang Strategi Guru PAI Dalam Membentuk Karakter Siswa, karena di tangan gurulah penentu kadar kualitas out put di sekolah
Dalam penelitian ini penulis menentukan rumusan masalah sebagai berikut: (1) Bagaimanakah Pembentukan karakter siswa di SMP Wahid Hasyim Malang. (2) Bagaimanakah Strategi guru PAI terhadap pembentukan karakter siswa di SMP Wahid Hasyim Malang Tjuan penelitian ini adalah: (1) Mendeskripsikan Pembentukan karakter siswa di SMP Wahid Hasyim Malang. (2) Mendeskripsikan Strategi guru PAI terhadap pembentukan karakter siswa di SMP Wahid Hasyim Malang.
Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian kualitatif, untuk mendiskripsikan atau menggambarkan tentang Strategi Guru PAI dalam Membentuk Karakter Siswa di SMP Wahid Hasyim Malang. Penelitian kualitatif adalah prosedur penelitian yang menghasilkan data deskriptif berupa kata-kata tertulis atau lisan dari orang-orang dan perilaku yang diamati. Adapun pendekatan yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah pendekatan kualitatif deskriptif. Penelitian ini dilakukan di lapangan yaitu SMP Wahid Hasyim Malang sebagai objek penelitian. Dalam penulisan skripsi ini, peneliti menggunakan tehnik pengumpulan data dengan metode observasi, wawancara dan dokumentasi. Uji keabsahan data dalam penelitian ini menggunakan metode triangulasi. Kemudian penulis menyusun laporan penelitian sesuai pedoman penulisan skripsi.
Dari hasil penelitian dan pembahasan diperoleh kesimpulan sebagai berikut: Pembentukan karakter siswa di SMP Wahid Hasyim Malang sudah cukup baik. Strategi-strategi yang digunakan guru PAI di SMP Wahid Hasyim Malang antara lain: (1) Keteladanan, (2) Penanaman disiplin, (3) Pembiasaan dan, (4) Menciptakan lingkungan yang kondusif. Indikator keberhasilan pembentukan karakter siswa di SMP Wahid Hasyim Malang antara lain. (1) Siswa memiliki karakter yang baik, tercermin dalam perilaku sehari-harinya. (2) Siswa menjadi disiplin dan taat peraturan. (3) Terjalin kerjasama antar sekolah dan orang tua siswa dalam upaya membentuk karakter siswa.
Dari uraian di atas diharapkan bagi guru PAI di SMP Wahid Hasyim Malang agar tetap konsisten dalam mendidik, membina, membimbing dan membentuk karakter siswanya.
ABSTRACT
Education is a productive activity. Thus, the success of the educational process is influenced by several factors. One is the educator or teacher. In Indonesia, the term is often equated with teacher educators. That is, if he could say digugu true, and if he behaves can be replicated. Phenomena occurring in the midst of our society is declining moral and national character. There is a tendency in society to say that if there is damage to the morale of an organization, which should be held accountable is education; more particularly teachers. Similarly with character education. From the above studies researchers are interested in lifting the title of Master's thesis on Strategies in Shaping Character PAI students, because the hand was Master determinant of levels of output quality in schools.
In this study the authors determined the formulation of the problem as follows: (1) How does the character formation of students in junior Wahid Hashim Malang. (2) How is Strategies of teachers PAI against formation character of students in SMP Wahid Hasyim Malang Tjuan this study were: (1) Describes The establishment of character students in SMP Wahid Hasyim Malang. (2) Describe the strategy for the formation of character PAI teacher in junior high school student Wahid Hashim Malang.
This study uses qualitative research methods, to describe or depict on PAI Guru Strategies in Shaping Character Students in junior Wahid Hashim Malang. Qualitative research is a research procedure that produces descriptive data in the form of words written or spoken of the people and the observed behavior. The approach used in this study is a qualitative descriptive approach. The research was conducted in the field that is junior Wahid Hashim Malang as the object of research. In writing this paper, researchers used a technique of gathering data by the method of observation, interview and documentation. Test the validity of the data in this study using triangulation methods. Then the authors prepared a report on the study according to guidelines for thesis writing.
Discussion of research results and conclusions obtained are as follows: Establishment of the character of students in junior Wahid Hashim Malang has been good enough. The strategies used in junior high school teacher Wahid Hashim PAI Malang, among others: (1) Modeling, (2) Planting of discipline, (3) habituation and, (4) Creating a conducive environment. Indicator of the success of the character formation of students in junior Wahid Hashim Malang, among others. (1) Students have a good character, reflected in his everyday behavior. (2) Students to be disciplined and obey the rules. (3) established cooperation between schools and parents in efforts to shape the character of students. From the above discussion is expected to teachers in junior high PAI Wahid Hashim Malaysia in order to remain consistent to educate, nurture, guide and shape the character of their students
Implementasi pendidikan karakter pada mata pelajaran Pendidikan Agama Islam di kelas VIII SMP Wahid Hasyim Dinoyo
No full textABSTRAK
Dampak globalisasi yang terjadi pada saat ini membawa masyarakat Indonesia melupakan pendidikan karakter bangsa. Padahal pendidikan karakter merupakan suatu pondasi bangsa yang sangat penting dan perlu di tanamkan sejak dini. Terlebih dengan dirasakannya berbagai ketimpangan hasil pendidikan dilihat dari perilaku lulusan pendidikan formal saat ini, semisal korupsi, perkembangan seks bebas pada kalangan remaja, narkoba tawuran, dan sebagainya. Pendidikan agama adalah salah satu pendidikan yang mempunyai fokus untuk lebih memberikan nilai-nilai dan norma-norma yang memberi arah, arti dan tujuan hidup manusia.
Berdasarkan latar belakang di atas, maka permasalahan yang timbul adalah (1) Bagaimana implementasi pendidikan karakter pada mata pelajaran Pendidikan Agama Islam di kelas VIII SMP Wahid Hasyim Dinoyo. (2) Faktor- faktor apa sajakah yang dapat mendukung dan menghambat pembentukan karakter peserta didik di kelas VIII SMP Wahid Hasyim Dinoyo?. (3) Upaya apa saja yang dilakukan untuk mendukung keberhasilan implementasi pendidikan karakter di SMP Wahid Hasyim Dinoyo?
Kajian dan pembahasan skripsi ini bertujuan untuk: (1) Mendeskripsikan implementasi Pendidikan Karakter Pada Mata Pelajaran Pendidikan Agama Islam di Kelas VIII SMP Wahid Hasyim- Dinoyo; (2) Untuk mendeskripsikan beberapa faktor pendukung dan penghambat implementasi pendidikan karakter pendidikan agama Islam di kelas VIII SMP Wahid Hasyim Dinoyo; dan (3) untuk mendeskripsikan beberapa upaya yang dilakukan untuk mendukung keberhasilan implementasi pendidikan karakter di SMP Wahid Hasyim Dinoyo
Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan deskriptif kualitatif, dengan teknik analisis deskriptif kualitatif pula, yaitu berupa pemaparan dan penggambaran secara menyeluruh tentang keadaan yang sebenarnya mengenai data-data terkait, baik yang tertulis maupun lisan dari objek penelitian yang ada di lembaga tersebut. Dalam proses pengumpulan data, penulis menggunakan beberapa metode, yaitu metode observasi, interview dan dokumentasi. Untuk mendukung pemaparan data, penulis juga menyertakan berbagai lampiran yang terkait dengan penelitian ini.
Hasil penelitian yang dilakukan penulis dapat disampaikan disini bahwa pelaksanaan pendidikan karakter di kelas VIII SMP Wahid Hasyim pada tahun ajaran 2011/2012 terutama dalam mata pelajaran pendidikan agama Islam di kelas VIII terdapat beberapa nilai-nilai karakter yang diterapkan dalam pembelajaran antara lain: nilai kejujuran, nilai kecerdasan, ketangguhan, nilai kepedulian, kedisiplinan dan beberapa nilai-nilai karakter yang lain. Adapun dalam pelaksanaan pendidikan karakter di kelas dimulai dari tahap perencanan. Pada tahap perencanan dalam mata pelajaran pendidikan agama Islam di kelas VIII SMP Wahid Hasyim ini dimulai dari mengidentifikasi nilai-nilai karakter yang tidak dimaksudkan untuk membatasi nilai-nilai yang dapat dikembangkan pada pembelajaran SK/KD. Pendidikan karakter yang diterapkan dalam mata pelajaran Pendidikan Agama Islam yang ada di SMP Wahid Hasyim ini guru memberikannya dengan menginternalisasikan nilai-nilai karakter yang diharapkan melalui pembelajaran dengan menggunakan beberapa strategi yang mendukung untuk pelaksanaan pendidikan karakter. Faktor yang menjadi penghambat dan pendukung pelaksanaan pendidikan karakter di kelas adalah: peran aktif guru, partisipasi siswa, lingkungan/ suasana pembelajaran yang mendukung, teman, partisipasi orang tua. Upaya yang dilakukan dalam mendukung keberhasilan implementasi pendidikan karakter di SMP Wahid Hasyim Dinoyo adalah guru menciptakan suasana yang kondusif dengan strategi- strategi pembelajaran yang bervariasi, dalam kegiatan ekstrakulikuler didukung dengan adanya shalat dhuha berjama’ah, shalat duhur berjama’ah dan kantin kejujuran sebagai penunjang pengaplikasian siswa dalam menerapkan nilai-nilai karakter.
ABSTRACT
The impact of globalization is happening at the moment to forget the people of Indonesia to bring the nation's character education. Though education is a foundation of the nation's character is very important and needs to instill early on. Especially with the inequality of educational outcomes felt different views of the behavior of the current graduates of formal education, such as corruption, the development of free sex among teenagers, drugs, fights, and so forth. Religious education is one that has a focus on education to better provide the values and norms that give direction, meaning and purpose of human life.
Based on the above background, the problems that arise are (1) How does the implementation of character education on the subjects of Islamic Religious Education in the junior class VIII Dinoyo Wahid Hashim. (2) what are the factors that can support and inhibit the formation of the character of students in class VIII Junior Wahid Hashim Dinoyo?. (3) what efforts are being made to support the successful implementation of character education in junior Wahid Hashim Dinoyo?
The review and discussion of this thesis aims to: (1) describe the implementation of Character Education Lesson In Islamic Education in Junior Class VIII-Dinoyo Wahid Hashim, (2) To describe some of the factors supporting and inhibiting the implementation of character education in the Islamic religious education junior class VIII Wahid Hashim Dinoyo, and (3) to describe some of the efforts made to support the successful implementation of character education in junior Wahid Hashim Dinoyo
This study used a qualitative descriptive approach, with qualitative descriptive analysis techniques as well, namely in the form of exposure and the overall depiction of the actual circumstances of the relevant data, both written and oral object of study in these institutions. In the process of data collection, the authors used several methods, the methods of observation, interview and documentation. To support the presentation of data, the authors also include a variety of attachments associated with this research.
The results of research on the author can be submitted here that the implementation of character education in junior class VIII Wahid Hashim in the academic year 2011/2012, especially in the subjects of Islamic religious education in class VIII there are some character values that are applied in the study include: the value of honesty, the value of intelligence, toughness, the value of caring, discipline and some of the values of the other characters. As for the implementation of character education in the classroom starting from the planning stage. At the planning stage in the subjects of Islamic religious education in junior class VIII Wahid Hashim begins with identifying the values of the characters that are not intended to limit the values that can be developed in learning SK / KD. Implemented character education in the subjects of Islamic Religious Education in school the teacher gave Wahid Hashim to internalize the values of the expected character through learning by using several strategies that support for the implementation of character education. Factors inhibiting and supporting the implementation of character education in the classroom are: the active role of the teacher, student participation, the environment / atmosphere that supports learning, friend, parent participation. Efforts are made to support the successful implementation of character education in junior Wahid Hashim Dinoyo teachers create an atmosphere that is conducive to learning strategies are varied, in extracurricular activities supported by the Duha prayer in congregation, congregational prayers and canteen Ḑuhūr honesty as supporting application of the students in applying the values of the characters
Review of Malaysian agricultural policies with regards to sustainability
No full textThe new scientific knowledge coupled with concerns for the environmental, economic and social aspects of agriculture brought Malaysian agriculture into a state of transition. The need for reviewing Malaysian agricultural policies has arisen due to that fact that current agricultural practices in the country are found to be related to environmental, economic and social problems. This study is an effort to review the current Malaysian agricultural policies with regards to sustainability. The Third National Agricultural Policy (3NAP), which is the latest one and relevant secondary materials have primarily been reviewed to substantiate our arguments in this paper. The study, however, argues that the latest Malaysian agricultural policies are compatible with the standards of sustainable agriculture, but the current agricultural practices in the country differ, to some extent, from sustainability principles. The study ends up with some concluding remarks.Md. Wahid Murad, Nik Hashim Nik Mustapha and Chamhuri Siwa
MODEL KURIKULUM DAN RELEVANSINYA DALAM KEHIDUPAN SEHARI-HARI DI MI WAHID HASYIM
No full textThis article reveals the results of research on the curriculum model and its relevance in daily life, where the curriculum is a concept in every learning. The use of the curriculum at Madrasah Ibtidaiyah (MI) Wahid Hasyim is currently still using 2 curricula in the learning process, namely: (1) Curriculum 2013 for grades 2, 3, 5 and 6; and (2) Independent Curriculum for grades 1 and 4. In this application, of course, it is the embodiment of the principle of relevance, the principle of flexibility, the principle of continuity, the principle of practicality and the principle of effectiveness. These curriculum principles are of course the basis of goals or guidelines in every process of teaching and learning activities at Madrasah Ibtidaiyah Wahid Hasyim. So that learning at MI Wahid Hasyim can strive with the existing curriculum principles. This study uses case study research that focuses on qualitative. Qualitative research carried out is by observation and interviews to find out an existing event. In this study, the researcher conducted research directly at the Madrasah Ibtidaiyah Wahid Hashim school. Then the interviewer is a representative of the madrasah of the curriculum section as well as the homeroom teacher of class 5B. It is hoped that this research will be able to provide benefits to the general public about the curriculum model and its relevance in daily life
Market valuation analysis for selected companies in healthcare industry / Nurhaslinda Hashim, Munirah Mohamed and Siti Daleela Mohd Wahid
No full textThe COVID-19 pandemic was characterized as a global phenomenon by the WHO in March 2020. The pandemic had significant effects, short and long-term impacts on healthcare companies and the healthcare industry. Hence, healthcare companies should analyze their financial performance to sustain themselves in this critical period. For that reason, this paper aims to comprehend how selected companies in the healthcare industry utilize all the components in a company’s financial statement to achieve outstanding company performance. Our analysis used market valuation ratios such as earnings per share (EPS) and book value per share (BVPS). To strengthen our analysis, we determine the strengths and weaknesses to assess the healthcare companies’ position in the market. Thus, we will recommend strategies that will aid the company in better performance in the future
Pendidikan pesantren menurut K. H Abdurrahman Wahid
No full textABSTRAK
Salah satu pendidikan tertua yang memiliki ciri khas yang unik, serta memiliki akar tradisi holistik ke-Indonesia-an adalah pesantren. Kemampuannya dalam menjaga nilai primordial secara swadaya membuat lembaga ini menjadi satu- satunya lembaga pendidikan yang mampu bertahan dan memposisikan diri sebagai aktor penting terhadap penyebaran nilai-nilai ke Islaman dalam pranata sosial di masyarakat. Maka tidak mengherankan jika kemudian pesantren dianggap sebagai lembaga yang tertutup dan kebal terhadap perkembangan zaman.
Berangkat dari itulah penulis kemudian ingin membahas pemikiran pengembangan kurikulum pesantren menurut K.H. Abdurrahman Wahid yang mencoba untuk menginspirasikan banyak pemikir tokoh pesantren dengan prinsip al- muhafadzah ala al-qadim al-shalih wa al-akhdzu bi al-jadid al-ashlah. Maka dari itu, penulis mengambil judul pendidikan Pesantren Menurut K.H. Abdurrahman Wahid. Dengan harapan, konsepsi pengembangan kurikulum pesantren yang ditawarkan oleh beliau mampu dijadikan acuan elemen pelaksanaan pendidikan dalam rangka mengembangkan pendidikan pesantren. Agar di kemudian hari pendidikan pesantren mampu menjawab tantangan globalisasi dan tuntutan zaman.
Fokus masalah dalam penelitian ini adalah pembahasan tentang modernisasi pesantren khususnya pada pengembangan kurikulum pesantren. Adapun se cara rinci yaitu: memasukkan sekolah umum ke dalam pesantren, program ketrampilan di pesantren, program pengembangan masyarakat menurut Abdurrahman Wahid.
Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan deskriptif kualitatif dengan jenis jenis library research. Sedangkan metode pengumupulan data menggunakan metode dokumentasi dalam rangka mencari sumber dan data yang menunjang dalam penulisan ini. Kemudian dari dokumentasi tersebut dianalisis dengan menggunakan metode content analysis dan interpretasi sumber dan data yang di dapat.
Dengan kerangka itu, dapat diketahui K.H. Abdurrahman Wahid memandang dan mengartikan pengembangan kurikulum pesantren menyangkut tiga hal yang sudah disebutkan di atas. Memasukkan sekolah umum ke dalam pesantren merupakan tindakan penting untuk kemajuan pesantren. Yang secara subtansi, beliau memiliki keinginan yang besar akan terciptanya sebuah perubahan fundamental dalam pendidikan yaitu terjadinya integrasi antara ilmu umum dan agama, lalu menarik minat masyarakat agar mau masuk ke pesantren.
Program ketrampilan pesantren merupakan ide K.H. Abdurrahman Wahid yang kedua. Program ini dimaksudkan untuk menyediakan peserta didik alat untuk memperoleh ketrampilan yang diperlukan setelah lulus dari pesantren. Konsep yang ketiga mengenai pemberdayaan masyarakat melalui pesantren. Bermaksud menciptakan tenaga – tenaga pembangun masyarakat (change agents) dari pesantren, sehingga lulusan pesantren bisa membantu warga desa untuk mengembangkan potensi – potensi yang dimiliki.
Pemikiran K.H. Abdurrahman Wahid mengenai pengembangan kurikulum pesantren ini banyak dipengaruhi oleh latar belakang pendidikannya serta pengaruh dalam lingkungan pesantren (Tebu Ireng) itu sendiri. Karena kita tahu bahwa K.H Abdurrahman Wahid adalah cucu dari K.H Hasyim Asy’ari, pendiri pondok pesantren Tebu Ireng. Dan diharapkan nantinya, apa yang sudah beliau tuang dalam pemikirannya dapat bermanfaat untuk kemajuan pesantren pada khususnya, dan kemajuan Islam pada umumnya.
ABSTRACT
One of the oldest education has a unique characteristic, and has a tradition of holistic roots to Indonesia's was boarding. Ability to maintain the primordial value of self-governing make this institution the only institution that can survive and position themselves as important actors of the spread of the values to the Islamization of social institutions in society. So no wonder then pesantren regarded as a closed institution and immune to the times.
Departing from the author's thoughts and then want to discuss the curriculum development of the pesantren by KH Abdurrahman Wahid is trying to inspire many thinkers pesantren leaders to the principle of al-muhafadzah ala al- qadim al-shalih wa al-akhdzu bi al-jadid al-ashlah. Therefore, the authors took the title of boarding school education by KH Abdurrahman Wahid. With hope, the conception of pesantren curriculum development offered by him could be a reference element of the implementation of education in order to develop the pesantren education. In order for boarding school education at a later date to the challenge of globalization and the demands of the times.
The focus of the problem in this study is a discussion about the modernization of boarding schools, especially in curriculum development. As for a detailed manner that is: insert into boarding schools, skills programs in schools, community development programs by Abdurrahman Wahid.
This study used a qualitative descriptive approach to the type of type of library research. While the method pengumupulan data using the method in order to find the source documentation and data that support in writing this. Then from the documentation was analyzed by using the method of content analysis and interpretation of sources and data in the can.
With that framework, it is known K.H. Abdurrahman Wahid view and interpret the pesantren curriculum development involves three things that have been mentioned above. Entering the public schools into boarding an important action for the advancement of the pesantren. Which is the substance, he has a great desire to create a fundamental change in education is the integration between public science and religion, and attract people to want to go to boarding school.
Pesantren skills program is the idea K.H. Abdurrahman Wahid of the latter. The program is intended to provide students the tools to acquire the necessary skills after graduating from boarding school. The third concept of community empowerment through the pesantren. Intends to create power - power community builder (change agents) from boarding school, boarding school so that graduates can assist villagers to develop their potential - potential.
Thought K.H. Abdurrahman Wahid of the pesantren curriculum development is heavily influenced by their educational background and influences in a boarding school environment (Cane Ireng) itself. Because we know that KH Abdurrahman Wahid was the grandson of KH Hashim Ash'ari, founder of Cane Ireng boarding school. And is expected later, what has he cast in his thinking can be beneficial to the progress of schools in particular, and the progress of Islam in general
Development of Reading Materials for Teaching Arabic Through Android for Students In Wahid Hashim Islamic Junior High School Balung Jember
No full textIn the globalization era, in the 20th century, the development of Information and Communication Technology is very rapid. Even in the educational process, the teacher must be intelligent and able to choose the type of educational material he uses in the teaching and learning process. Educational materials play an essential role in the educational process and have an individual contribution to education, which impacts students. The problem in Wahid Hashim Balung Jember Islamic high school was the lack of unique education materials for reading skills. This study aims: 1) to determine the steps of developing reading materials for teaching Arabic through Android and 2) to determine the effectiveness of teaching reading materials for teaching Arabic through Android. This study uses the model approach proposed by Borg and Gall, and researchers use pre-test and post-test to develop reading materials. The results of this study showed that reading materials using Android developed by researchers effectively improve students ' reading skills.
في عصر العولمة، قرن 20 أن التطورات في مجال تكنولوجيا المعلومات والإتصالات هي سريعة جدا. حتي في عملية التعليم، ينبغي للمعلم أن يكون ذاكيا وقادرا على اختيار نوع المادة التعليمية التي يستخدمها في عملية التعليم والتعلم. إن المادة التعليمية تؤدي دورا هاما في عملية التعليم ولها إسهامات الفردية في التعليم، وهذا له تأثير على التلاميذ. ومشكلات ما وقعت في المدرسة الثانوية الإسلامية واحد هاشم بالونج جمبر عدم وجود مواد التعليمية خاصة في مهارة القراءة. إن الأهداف من هذا البحث هي: 1) ولمعرفة الخطوات تطوير مادة القراءة لتعليم اللغة العربية عبر أندرويد 2) لمعرفة فعالية تعليم مادة القراءة لتعليم اللغة العربية عبر أندرويد. استخدمت الباحثة منهج البحث والتطوير بالنموذج الذي اقترحه برج وغال، واستخدمت الباحثة الإختبار القبلي والإختبار بعدي في تطوير المادة القراءة. ونتيجة هذه الرسالة هي أن المادة القراءة عبر أندرويد المطورة من الباحثة لها فعالة لترقية مهارة القراءة التلاميذ
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