9 research outputs found
BENEFÍCIO PREVIDENCIÁRIO NA MATÉRIA JURÍDICA DO MUNDO OCIDENTAL: FATORES DE DEGRADAÇÃO E PRINCÍPIOS DE OTIMIZAÇÃO
Get PDFThe authors of the article have revealed the principles of justice of the author’s traditional and public pension system. The authors have accomplished a critical analysis of the existing pension systems of the Western world, primarily the Bismarck one. The existing factors of pension provision, which lead to the loss of economic competition by democratic, legal states to some authoritarian states, have been clarified. It has been concluded that the Bismarck joint pension system cannot be effectively reformed. It should be gradually abandoned. It has been defined that the principles of the traditional and public pension system are based on the inextricable relationship between the financial situation of working children and their non-working parents. It has been proved that this social relationship must be protected by the norms of public law under the legal guarantees of the state.Os autores do artigo revelaram os princípios de justiça do sistema previdenciário tradicional e público do autor. Os autores realizaram uma análise crítica dos sistemas previdenciários existentes no mundo ocidental, principalmente o de Bismarck. Os fatores existentes de provisão de pensões, que levam à perda de competição econômica por parte de estados democráticos e legais para alguns estados autoritários, foram esclarecidos. Concluiu-se que o sistema previdenciário conjunto de Bismarck não pode ser efetivamente reformado. Deve ser gradualmente abandonado. Foi definido que os princípios do sistema previdenciário tradicional e público são baseados na relação inextricável entre a situação financeira dos filhos trabalhadores e de seus pais não trabalhadores. Ficou provado que esta relação social deve ser protegida pelas normas de direito público sob as garantias legais do Estado
FOREIGN EXPERIENCE FOR FINANCING SMALL AND MEDIUM BUSINESS
Get PDFThe aim of the article is to study the peculiarities of the financial and credit mechanism of supporting small and medium enterprises in foreign countries with the purpose of identification of key areas for the development of financial and credit support for small and medium enterprises in Ukraine. The subject of the study is the foreign experience of financing small and medium-sized businesses. Methodology. The research is based on a comparison of financial and credit support of small and medium business in Ukraine and in foreign countries. The advantages and disadvantages of different support systems for small and medium-sized enterprises are determined on the basis of an analysis of the specifics of financing small and medium-sized businesses in Germany, the USA, the UK, Italy, Japan, and some other countries. The possibilities and limits of the application of positive foreign experience in this area are determined on the basis of a comparative legal study of certain provisions of Ukrainian legislation. The results of the study showed that the peculiarities of the financial and credit mechanism for supporting small and mediumsized businesses in foreign countries, which were studied, are as follows: the predominance of indirect support methods, provision of state financial help only on a competitive, turnaround, and paid basis; effectively functioning system of state guarantee of loans, which were provided to small businesses by commercial banks (guarantee from 60 to 90% of the loan); creation of a network of special banks, which serve small businesses at different levels; strong financial stimulation for small businesses in their innovation activity; stimulating taxation system and special depreciation procedure; creation of conditions for equal access for all entrepreneurs to information and consulting services (especially on taxation, lending, and insurance issues). Practical implications. The positive experience of financing small and medium business shows that the foreign practice of functioning of the financial and credit mechanism for supporting small business is not based on the fact that, on preferential terms, small enterprises can receive all the necessary financial and credit resources for their development and support small business at all costs. But this practice is aimed to create a favourable economic and legal climate that allows small businesses not only to survive but also to successfully develop. Correlation/originality. A comparative analysis of small and medium business financing systems is the basis for developing the most promising directions for the development of domestic legislation in this field
Constitutional, Administrative and Criminal Law Regulation of Protecting Rights of Internally Displaced Persons: Foreign Experience and Directions for Improvement
Get PDFThe purpose of the article consists in revealing the constitutional, administrative and criminal law foundations of protecting rights of internally displaced persons, problems of implementing foreign experience and identification of directions for improvement. It is substantiated that the system of individual protection standards is a kind of international mechanism for ensuring first of all the status of rights and freedoms of internally displaced persons, the corresponding guarantees regulated by the norms of universal, regional and special treaties, implemented by authorized subjects of public administration in various spheres of society. Attention is focused on compliance with the Guidelines of 1998, which are the basis of the legal acts of the European Union, the Council of Europe and other democratic countries. However, the existing standards of individual protection are not uniform, and there is no corresponding institutional mechanism. Universal, supranational, regional, mandatory, recommendatory, permanent and temporary standards are singled out. The authors conclude that the Ukrainian authorities are entrusted with important tasks, functions and powers to guarantee the rights and freedoms of internally displaced persons, as well as tasks concerning implementation and protection of such rights and freedoms, restoration of violated rights and implementation of existing international standards and best foreign practices. Therefore, it is natural to improve Ukrainian legislation and ensure effective and accessible procedures. Proposed are ways to solve existing problems in the sphere of social protection, electoral law, housing and land rights, and provision of legal aid
Legal regulation of higher legal education: Foreign experience and prospects in Ukraine
No full textThe purpose of the research. The purpose of the article is to clarify the problems of higher legal education in relation to transformational processes that require legal regulation. Main content. It is determined that that it is the higher educational institution that is the main subject of training a law professional capable of performing complex tasks of the transformational stage of the state development. Methodology: Review of materials and methods based on the analysis of the Ukrainian legislation regulating higher legal education. Conclusions. Outlined are problems of higher legal education requiring application of better foreign experience.El propósito de la investigación. El objeto del artículo es esclarecer la problemática de la educación jurídica superior en relación con los procesos de transformación que requieren regulación jurídica. Contenido principal. Se determina que es la institución de educación superior el sujeto principal de formación de un profesional del Derecho capaz de desempeñar tareas complejas de la etapa transformacional del desarrollo estatal. Metodología: Revisión de materiales y métodos basados en el análisis de la legislación ucraniana que regula la educación jurídica superior. Conclusiones. Se describen problemas de educación jurídica superior que requieren la aplicación de una mejor experiencia extranjera
Конституційне, адміністративне та кримінально-правове регулювання захисту прав внутрішньо переміщених осіб: зарубіжний досвід та напрями вдосконалення (Scopus)
No full textBalynska O. Constitutional, Administrative and Criminal Law Regulation of Protecting Rights of Internally Displaced Persons: Foreign Experience and Directions for Improvement / Olha Balynska, Maksym Korniienko, Oleh Martseliak, Vira Halunko, Ihor Mahnovskyi // Khazanah Hukum. - 2024. - Vol. 6. - № 1. - Pp. 1-10.Мета статті полягає у розкритті конституційних, адміністративних та кримінально-правових засад захисту прав внутрішньо переміщених осіб, вирішенні проблем впровадження зарубіжного досвіду та визначенні напрямів удосконалення чинного національного законодавства. Обґрунтовано, що система індивідуальних стандартів захисту є своєрідним міжнародним механізмом забезпечення статусу прав і свобод внутрішньо переміщених осіб, відповідних гарантій, регламентованих нормами універсальних, регіональних та спеціальних договорів, реалізованих уповноваженими суб’єктами державного управління в різних сферах життєдіяльності суспільства. Акцентовано увагу на дотриманні Керівних принципів 1998 року, які є основою правових актів Європейського Союзу, Ради Європи та інших демократичних країн. Проте існуючі стандарти індивідуального захисту не є уніфікованими, а відповідного інституційного механізму немає. Виокремлено універсальні, наднаціональні, регіональні, обов’язкові, рекомендаційні, постійні та тимчасові стандарти. Автори дійшли висновку, що на українську владу покладено важливі завдання, функції та повноваження щодо забезпечення прав і свобод внутрішньо переміщених осіб, а також завдання щодо реалізації та захисту таких прав і свобод, відновлення порушених прав, виконання чинних міжнародних стандартів та запровадження передового зарубіжного досвіду. Тому є природним такий шлях вдосконалення українського законодавства та забезпечення ефективних і доступних процедур. Запропоновано шляхи вирішення існуючих проблем у сфері соціального захисту, виборчого законодавства, житлових і земельних прав, надання правової допомоги. The purpose of the article consists in revealing the constitutional, administrative and criminal law
foundations of protecting rights of internally displaced persons, problems of implementing foreign
experience and identification of directions for improvement. It is substantiated that the system of
individual protection standards is a kind of international mechanism for ensuring first of all the status of
rights and freedoms of internally displaced persons, the corresponding guarantees regulated by the norms
of universal, regional and special treaties, implemented by authorized subjects of public administration in
various spheres of society. Attention is focused on compliance with the Guidelines of 1998, which are the
basis of the legal acts of the European Union, the Council of Europe and other democratic countries.
However, the existing standards of individual protection are not uniform, and there is no corresponding
institutional mechanism. Universal, supranational, regional, mandatory, recommendatory, permanent and
temporary standards are singled out. The authors conclude that the Ukrainian authorities are entrusted
with important tasks, functions and powers to guarantee the rights and freedoms of internally displaced
persons, as well as tasks concerning implementation and protection of such rights and freedoms,
restoration of violated rights and implementation of existing international standards and best foreign
practices. Therefore, it is natural to improve Ukrainian legislation and ensure effective and accessible
procedures. Proposed are ways to solve existing problems in the sphere of social protection, electoral law,
housing and land rights, and provision of legal aid
METHODS OF ASSESSING THE EFFICIENCY OF INTERNET MARKETING COMMUNICATIONS
Get PDFThe purpose of the study is to systematize the methodological foundations for evaluating the effectiveness of marketing communications on the Internet. In the literature, there are often limited definitions of interactivity, which do not reveal the essence and do not allow fully realizing the marketing opportunities associated with its phenomena. Today, interactive video, gaming technologies, which are increasingly used in the creation of advertising and communication materials, provide unprecedented opportunities for users to create and flexibly change their own scenarios for the development of events, to guide the history of the video and its heroes, which, among other things, makes it possible to make the presentation object not only goods or services but also the practice of behaviour in different situations of their purchase and consumption. In Internet marketing communications, preconditions for estimating the time budget, general stay in the network, implementation of specific behavioural scenarios of the full-fledged functioning of the user as a representative of the target audience, including through various devices and due to multimedia character, are formed. Optimization of Internet communications of enterprises is carried out on the basis of cyclic interactive communication and timely adjustments of parameters of the received traffic from automated services such as Google analytics, Yandex Metrica, CoMagic, and others. An audience behaviour analysis becomes possible by the use of cookie data. This fragment of data stored on Internet users’ computers reveals the broad opportunities for enterprises to target their advertising, identifying the target audience, for example, by geographic location of users, tracking their interests, counting impressions and passing through banners. Due to the high level of inherent interactivity, simplification of activity realization, and its coordination in a virtual environment, with real results, the development of marketing communications on the Internet contributes to the transition from the integrated application of specialized tools and technologies to their genuine integration. These new opportunities, subject to their implementation, will update one more aspect – the achievement of the effectiveness of Internet communications in marketing. Attempts and methodical options for the formation of a holistic set of marketing communications, with their declared effectiveness, have become widespread. The author proposes a more adaptive system for evaluating the effectiveness of marketing communications, where a balanced system of indicators and stages of work are complemented by the classical algorithms that create the necessary preconditions for preventing or neutralizing the identified problems in the organization of Internet marketing communications. The effectiveness of the CPM model depends entirely on the derivative results of user behaviour (review of site materials, ordering and purchasing goods). Therefore, depending on the goals of the campaign, that is, expanding the target audience or promoting sales, the result may be more predictable. The success of online platforms is based on the consistent development of activities, which is harmonized by three benchmarks: differentiation, effectiveness, efficiency. If earlier, marketing monitoring of the audience and behaviour of Internet users was mainly based on the features of its persons or contingents, and the information context, today it needs to be integrated (contextual targeting, retargeting, and other tools)
: Development of a Tool to Author Interactive, Multimedia, Computer‐Based Patient Simulations
No full textCASE STUDIES for Dentistry®: Development of a Tool to Author Interactive, Multimedia, Computer-Based Patient Simulations
No full textComputer-based patient simulations have been used to enhance the dental curriculum since the 1980s. This article describes the development of CASE STUDIES for Dentistry (CSD), a patient case simulation building template, developed at Virginia Commonwealth University, with which authors who have no programming expertise can create realistic, effective, interactive multimedia patient simulations by entering their own information and images into a straightforward, fill in the blanks interface. This program was written with Authorware, by Macromedia Inc. Design considerations included emphasis on information collection and analysis, synthesis of collected information, hypothesis proposal and testing, diagnosis, and treatment planning. The program consists of easily accessible interfaces for both authors and students. Authors build simulated patients using typed-in text and their own images. Faculty can build computer-based simulated patients so that students can immediately practice what they learn in class within a simulated doctor-patient relationship. CSD allows building simulations ranging from simple to complex patients in multiple disciplines. Robust feedback and other features allow students to learn both process and content in a self-directed, interactive environment
Interactive emergency training in dentistry: Development of a virtual patient player simulation software
No full textVirtual patients have long been established as part of medical training. With their help, students can develop their therapeutic and diagnostic skills under conditions that are as realistic as possible, without any risk for a patient. While model or dummy simulations represent a standard in dentistry for the training of manual skills, computer-based, interactive simulations of virtual patient cases in this field are rarely described. Some of these systems have been designed for a limited purpose and do not permit a flexible and reusable design of virtual patients, or only permit it with restrictions. The MedBiquitous standard offers solutions for this purpose. This has proven itself in the medical field as a basis for virtual patient simulations. It offers an expandable structure for the data of virtual patients and describes fundamental algorithms of associated simulation software. In this paper, virtual patient player simulation software for interactive emergency training in dentistry is developed on the basis of the MedBiquitous model. As an example, a first virtual patient was created. MedEmergency Player enables action-focussed simulation without rigidly predefined linear or branched treatment pathways, unlike existing systems and the previous use of the MedBiquitous standard. The user directly experiences and examines the reactions as with a real patientVirtuelle Patienten sind in der medizinischen Ausbildung seit langem etabliert. Mit ihrer Hilfe können Lernende ohne Risiko für einen Patienten ihre therapeutischen und diagnostischen Fähigkeiten unter möglichst realitätsnahen Bedingungen ausbauen. Während Modell- oder Puppensimulationen in der Zahnmedizin zum Training manueller Fähigkeiten einen Standard darstellen, werden computerbasierte, interaktive Simulationen virtueller Patientenfälle für dieses Fachgebiet selten beschrieben. Einige dieser Systeme sind für einen begrenzten Einsatzzweck konzipiert und lassen eine flexible und wiederverwendbare Gestaltung virtueller Patienten nicht oder nur eingeschränkt zu. Lösungsansätze hierzu zeigt der MedBiquitous-Standard. Dieser hat sich im medizinischen Bereich als Grundlage virtueller Patientensimulationen bewährt. Er bietet eine erweiterbare Struktur für die Daten virtueller Patienten und beschreibt grundlegende Algorithmen einer dazugehörigen Simulationssoftware. In der vorliegenden Arbeit wird auf Grundlage des MedBiquitous-Modells eine Virtual Patient Player-Simulationssoftware für ein interaktives Notfalltraining in der Zahnmedizin entwickelt. Ein erster virtueller Beispielpatient wurde erstellt. Der MedEmergency-Player ermöglicht im Unterschied zu vorhandenen Systemen eine aktionsbetonte Simulation ohne "starr" vorgegebene Behandlungspfade. Der Benutzer erfährt und untersucht die Reaktionen unmittelbar wie bei einem realen Patienten
