18 research outputs found
Organotypic slice cultures of human glioblastoma reveal different susceptibilities to treatments
No full textBackgroundGlioblastoma multiforme is the most common lethal brain tumor in human adults, with no major therapeutic breakthroughs in recent decades. Research is based mostly on human tumor cell lines deprived of their organotypic environment or inserted into immune-deficient animals required for graft survival. Here, we describe how glioblastoma specimens obtained from surgical biopsy material can be sectioned and transferred into cultures within minutes.MethodsSlices were kept in 6-well plates, allowing direct observation, application of temozolomide, and irradiation. At the end of experiments, slice cultures were processed for histological analysis including hematoxylin-eosin staining, detection of proliferation (Ki67), apoptosis/cell death (cleaved caspase 3, propidium iodide), DNA double-strand breaks (γH2AX), and neural subpopulations. First clinical trials employed irradiation with the heavy ion carbon for the treatment of glioblastoma patients, but the biological effects and most effective dose regimens remain to be established. Therefore, we developed an approach to expose glioblastoma slice cultures to 12 C and X-rays.ResultsWe found preservation of the individual histopathology over at least 16 days. Treatments resulted in activation of caspase 3, inhibition of proliferation, and cell loss. Irradiation induced γH2AX. In line with clinical observations, individual tumors differed significantly in their susceptibility to temozolomide (0.4%-2.5% apoptosis and 1%-15% cell loss).ConclusionGlioblastoma multiforme slice cultures provide a unique tool to explore susceptibility of individual tumors for specific therapies including heavy ions, thus potentially allowing more personalized treatments plus exploration of mechanisms of (and strategies to overcome) tumor resistance. © 2013 The Author(s)
Quantity and Quality of Basophil RNA Depend on the RNA Extraction Technique
No full textBasophils have been suggested to express low quantities of RNA, challenging the study of gene expression within these cells. However, the purification technique employed might have an impact on the quantity and quality of RNA purified from basophils. This chapter describes a method which gives an optimal RNA output using a TRIzol-based method in contrast to a commercial kit.</p
Increased Adiposity, Dysregulated Glucose Metabolism and Systemic Inflammation in Galectin-3 KO Mice
No full textPMCID: PMC3579848This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited
Impact of chemical amendment of dairy cattle slurry on phosphorus, suspended sediment and metal loss to runoff from a grassland soil
No full textpeer-reviewedEmerging remediation technologies such as chemical amendment of dairy cattle slurry have the potential to reduce phosphorus (P) solubility and consequently reduce P losses arising from land application of dairy cattle slurry. The aim of this study was to determine the effectiveness of chemical amendment of slurry to reduce incidental losses of P and suspended sediment (SS) from grassland following application of dairy cattle slurry and to examine the effect of amendments on metal concentrations in runoff water. Intact grassed-soil samples were placed in two laboratory runoff boxes, each 200-cm-long by 22.5-cm-wide by 5-cm-deep, before being amended with dairy cattle slurry (the study control) and slurry amended with either: (i) alum, comprising 8% aluminium oxide (Al2O3) (1.11:1 aluminium (Al):total phosphorus (TP) of slurry) (ii) poly-aluminium chloride hydroxide (PAC) comprising 10% Al2O3 (0.93:1 Al:TP) (iii) analytical grade ferric chloride (FeCl2) (2:1 Fe:TP), (iv) and lime (Ca(OH)2) (10:1 Ca:TP). When compared with the study control, PAC was the most effective amendment, reducing dissolved reactive phosphorus (DRP) by up to 86% while alum was most effective in reducing SS (88%), TP (94%), particulate phosphorus (PP) (95%), total dissolved phosphorus (TDP) (81%), and dissolved unreactive phosphorus (DUP) (86%). Chemical amendment of slurry did not appear to significantly increase losses of Al and Fe compared to the study control, while all amendments increased Ca loss compared to control and grass-only treatment. While chemical amendments were effective, the reductions in incidental P losses observed in this study were similar to those observed in other studies where the time from slurry application to the first rainfall event was increased. Timing of slurry application may therefore be a much more feasible way to reduce incidental P losses. Future work must examine the long-term effects of amendments on P loss to runoff and not only incidental losses.The first author gratefully acknowledges the award of a Walsh Fellowship by Teagasc to support this stud
Technology education in secondary schools
No full textThe author outlines his background and refers to current relevant attitudes. He considers changes which have influenced the curriculum for manufacturing in resilient materials in schools. The word technology is currently in common use. Having examined a range of sources for common themes, the author synthesises a definition and examines some implications. He uses the example of the development of the electronic computer to illustrate the difference between science and technology before arguing that 'new technology', in schools, properly belongs within the framework of 'Craft Design & Technology' (CDT). Using references from industry, education and elsewhere, he describes the process of designing and upholds its predominance as a skill to be fostered. Arising from its cyclic nature are implications for the assessment of performance. As labour saving devices, windmills and robots are widely separated by time but both require control and the author seeks to explore this link. The components of control are also identifiable in the work of pupils over many years. He contrasts industrial robots with those of their prophets. The need far a review of the education service was established in 1976. The consequent chain of political initiatives in Britain is described highlighting the nature of politics. He considers a case history when those who 'do' become championed by those who would have it done’. Durham Local Education Authority's progress in CDT in-service training is described and the world of 'lower school' technology is explored by considering both pupil and updated teacher. The author describes industrial reality and intimates a curriculum possibility - the design, by lower school pupils, of automatic systems. He sees the computer in the CDT curriculum both as design tool and as part of solutions to human needs
[Stammbuch Johannes Eberhard Krafft von Dellmensingen]
No full text[STAMMBUCH JOHANNES EBERHARD KRAFFT VON DELLMENSINGEN]
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What went wrong? The flawed concept of cerebrospinal venous insufficiency
No full textIn 2006, Zamboni reintroduced the concept that chronic impaired venous outflow of the central nervous system is associated with multiple sclerosis (MS), coining the term of chronic cerebrospinal venous insufficiency ('CCSVI'). The diagnosis of 'CCSVI' is based on sonographic criteria, which he found exclusively fulfilled in MS. The concept proposes that chronic venous outflow failure is associated with venous reflux and congestion and leads to iron deposition, thereby inducing neuroinflammation and degeneration. The revival of this concept has generated major interest in media and patient groups, mainly driven by the hope that endovascular treatment of 'CCSVI' could alleviate MS. Many investigators tried to replicate Zamboni's results with duplex sonography, magnetic resonance imaging, and catheter angiography. The data obtained here do generally not support the 'CCSVI' concept. Moreover, there are no methodologically adequate studies to prove or disprove beneficial effects of endovascular treatment in MS. This review not only gives a comprehensive overview of the methodological flaws and pathophysiologic implausibility of the 'CCSVI' concept, but also summarizes the multimodality diagnostic validation studies and open-label trials of endovascular treatment. In our view, there is currently no basis to diagnose or treat 'CCSVI' in the care of MS patients, outside of the setting of scientific research
Efeito dos óleos de coco e cártamo na adiposidade abdominal e perfil lipídico de ratas realimentadas com frutose
No full textDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Nutrição, Florianópolis, 2014Alterações no metabolismo dos ácidos graxos podem desempenhar um importante papel no desenvolvimento de complicações metabólicas. A frutose tem sido relacionada com alterações no perfil lipídico, acúmulo de gordura hepática e no tecido adiposo, sendo utilizada como modelo para induzir esteatose hepática em animais. Alguns óleos vêm sendo consumidos a fim de reduzir gordura abdominal e melhorar o perfil lipídico. Este estudo objetivou investigar o efeito dos óleos de coco e de cártamo na adiposidade abdominal, na glicemia e em parâmetros lipídicos de ratas realimentadas com frutose após jejum. Foram utilizadas 48 ratas Wistar adultas, mantidas em gaiolas individuais e distribuídas em seis grupos de oito animais: Controle-C, Soja-F, Óleo de Coco 1-Co1, Óleo de Coco 2-Co2, Óleo de Cártamo 1-Ca1 e Óleo de Cártamo 2-Ca2. O experimento totalizou 17 dias. Após adaptados por sete dias, os grupos receberam por sete dias dieta com óleo teste como fonte lipídica, permaneceram em jejum durante 48 horas e foram realimentados com dieta contendo frutose por 24 horas. Os grupos Co2 e Ca2 receberam dieta com seu óleo teste na intervenção e realimentação. Usou-se dieta AIN-93G com modificações. Ao final, realizou-se a eutanásia e foram coletadas amostras de sangue e órgãos para as determinações bioquímicas. O fígado, coração, rim e tecido adiposo retroperitoneal foram pesados para comparação entre grupos. Foram realizados os homogenatos hepático e cardíaco para a determinar os parâmetros lipídicos. Os dados foram analisados no software GraphPad Instat 3.0, sendo significativo o valor de pAbstract: Changes in fatty acid metabolism may play an important role in the development of metabolic complications. Fructose has been associated with changes in lipid profile, liver and adipose tissue fat accumulation, so it is used for development of hepatic steatosis in animal models. Some oils have been consumed to reduce abdominal fat and improve the lipid profile. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of coconut and safflower oil on abdominal adiposity, glucose and lipid profile in rats fructose-refed after fasting. 48 female Wistar rats were housed in individual cages and randomly distributed in six groups: Control-C, Soybean Oil-S, Coconut Oil 1-Co1, Coconut Oil 2-Co2, Safflower Oil 1-Ca1 and Safflower Oil 2-Ca2. The experiment lasted 17 days. After six day in an adaptation period, the groups received during a week coconut or safflower oil diet as a lipid source. Then, they were fasted for 48 hours and refed with a fructose rich diet for 24 hours. The Co2 and Ca2 groups received diet with its oil test before and after refeeding. All diets were prepared according to AIN-93G recommendations. After 17 days, the animals were euthanized and blood samples were collected for biochemical analyzes. The liver, heart, kidney and retroperitoneal adipose tissue were weighed for comparison between groups. The liver and heart were homogenates and lipid profile was performed. Data were analyzed with GraphPad Instat 3.0 software, considering statistically significant p value <0.05. ANOVA with Tukey post-test or Kruskal-wallis with Dunn post-test were used for comparison between groups. There was no plasma change. In the liver, coconut oil increased the concentrations of triglycerides and reduced cholesterol and non-HDL-c. In the heart, safflower oil increased concentrations of triglycerides, cholesterol and non-HDL-c. No changes were observed in weight of adipose tissue and organs
Social inclusion for young people: breaking down the barriers
No full textSocial exclusion, the polarisation of the types of chances life offers to different groups of young people, is increasing, it is spatially concentrated in some regions and neighbourhoods and is arguably linked to social class. Race and gender can also contribute to this phenomenon, as can other inequalities such as disability.
Social inclusion is therefore one of the central goals of European policies towards young people, especially in relation to employment, lifelong learning and vocational guidance.
This book presents key findings from a research seminar organised by the European Youth Partnership on the theme of "Social inclusion and Young People" The articles included give a picture of the forms of social exclusion affecting young people nowadays and provide evidence of the progress of strategies to promote social inclusion.
As part of the framework partnership agreement on youth between the Council of Europe and the European Commission, the research seminar and this publication support efforts in the fields of youth policy, education and training to build a more inclusive society for all
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Rainfall trends in India and their impact on soil erosion and land management
No full textUnder the threat of global warming it is vital to determine the impact that future changes in climate may have on the environment and to what extent any adverse effects can be mitigated. In this research an assessment was carried out on the impact that climate trends may have on soil erosion and contaminant transport in India and examined the potential for top soil management practices to improve or maintain soil quality. Historical rainfall data from 50-135 years and extreme temperature data for 103 years were analysed and long term trends were assessed for various aspects of Indian climates using suitable statistical techniques. Results indicated that intra-region variability for extreme monsoon seasonal rainfall is large and mostly exhibited a negative tendency leading to increasing frequency and magnitude of monsoon rainfall deficit and decreasing frequency and magnitude of monsoon rainfall excess everywhere in India except in the peninsular Indian region. This is further exacerbated by increased and more variable extreme temperatures. Intra-region rainfall variability in India is linked to the pacific Southern Oscillation, where the associations of monsoon drought and El-Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) in the regions near to coast are greatest. 50-years high resolution daily gridded rainfall data was analysed to set up certain indices for the extreme daily rainfalls to assess their changes for the six gridded regions of Kerala, the extreme south western state of India where monsoon rainfall initiates every year. This was also done for two study sites, namely Bhoj wetland area of west central India and Sukinda chromite mining site of central north east India. Significant decrease was found in monsoon and spring rainfall extremes and increase in winter and autumn rainfall extremes in Kerala that would affect the tendency of change in seasonal total rainfall as well. Decrease in monsoon rainfall in Kerala also indicate that monsoon rainfall is decreasing in India as a whole, increased occurrence of floods is expected in winter and autumn seasons, together with water scarcity are expected to be felt both in spring and monsoon seasons with a delaying monsoon onset in Kerala. Soil erosion studies were conducted for two northern most gridded regions of Kerala as an extended work of the related MPhil study, and contaminant transport with eroded sediments was looked at for the Bhoj and Sukinda sites using RUSLE2 model software and other suitable numerical methods. It was found that soil erosion depended on a complex interaction of climate, soil properties, topography, and cover management. An assessment on extreme climate patterns for Bhoj and Sukinda showed an increasing tendency of seasonal and annual rainfall extremes and temperatures leading to an increasing pattern of soil erosion at both the sites. However, a certain consensus was difficult to reach because of the complex interaction of climate and soil carbon that is a very important deciding factor for soil erosion potential. Vegetative cover and plant residue was found providing essential soil nutrients, enhancing soil properties and retarding rainfall impact on bare top soil leading to reduction of soil erosion. Therefore, a soil erosion and contaminant transport prevention plan should take care of the top soil such that it is not kept bare especially when rainfall intensity is high in a given year. This work as a whole has highlighted the importance of regional climatological analysis with the large scale spatial averages especially at local decision making level, which is very useful for the broad scenarios such as climatological and ecological risk management
