40 research outputs found
Análise de hidrocarbonetos policíclicos aromáticos (HPAs) nas etapas do processamento da erva-mate (Ilex paraguariensis) e caracterização química dos resíduos da trituração para o desenvolvimento de produto
No full textTese (doutorado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro de Ciências Agrárias, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciência dos Alimentos, Florianópolis, 2009A erva-mate (Ilex paraguariensis) é uma espécie nativa da Argentina, Brasil e Paraguai e tem importante papel social, econômico e cultural. Apesar dos vários estudos comprovando os benefícios do consumo de erva-mate para a saúde humana, a tecnologia utilizada na sua industrialização ainda é rudimentar, com necessidades de implementação de processos de beneficiamento menos poluentes, que resultem na diversificação e garantia de qualidade dos produtos. O presente estudo objetiva analisar os hidrocarbonetos policíclicos aromáticos # HPAs em amostras coletadas nas etapas do processamento da erva-mate com vistas à otimização do processo produtivo, visando a geração de produtos de qualidade superior. Os HPAs foram determinados por cromatografia líquida de alta eficiência com detecção UVvísivel. Foi encontrada uma grande variação dos teores totais de HPAs nas amostras analisadas, sendo que todas as amostras expostas a altas temperaturas apresentaram concentrações mais elevadas de HPAs, comparativamente às amostras não tratadas. Os resultados indicam que o tratamento atualmente utilizado durante a produção de erva-mate pode levar a um aumento dos HPAs no produto final devido às altas temperaturas utilizadas no processamento, além da contaminação pela combustão da madeira e do ambiente de produção da matéria-prima. Adicionalmente, objetivou-se aumentar o espectro de produtos derivados de erva-mate presentes no mercado, por meio da investigação do potencial tecnológico do resíduo gerado na etapa de trituração da erva-mate (pó de mate) como matéria prima no desenvolvimento de novos produtos (balas de mate). O pó de mate foi avaliado quanto à composição química, teor de polifenóis totais, metilxantinas, taninos, perfil de polifenóis, óleos essenciais e atividade antioxidante. A composição química e propriedades físicas de balas contendo diferentes concentrações de pó de mate também foram determinadas. A aceitabilidade global e intenção de compra das balas foram avaliadas por uma escala facial, de cinco pontos e de atitude, de cinco pontos, respectivamente. O pó de mate apresentou teores significativos de fibra alimentar, cinzas totais, metilxantinas (principalmente a cafeína) e polifenóis (principalmente o ácido 4,5 dicafeoilquínico). Em relação aos óleos essenciais, o pó de mate apresentou baixo rendimento (0,01 %); sendo identificado o cariofileno como composto majoritário. A suplementação de balas com diferentes concentrações de pó de mate provocou um aumento significativo no conteúdo de polifenóis, fibras, metilxantinas e minerais além de uma maior capacidade antioxidante das balas. Os testes sensoriais indicaram que as balas de mate foram aceitas e aprovadas quanto à intenção de compra.The mate (Ilex paraguariensis) is a native specie of Argentina, Brazil, and Paraguay and has social, economic and cultural importance. Despite several studies showing the benefits of mate consumption to human health, the technology used in its industrialization is quite low, requiring the implementation of less pollutant processes that will result in higher quality products. This study aimed at to analyze polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons - PAHs in samples collected at different stages of the mate processing. This approach will suggest possible changes in the production process, aiming the generation of superior quality products. PAHs were determined by high performance liquid chromatography with UV-visible detection. A wide variation in the PAHs total contents was detected, with higher values found in all the samples exposed to high temperatures as compared to the non-processed ones. The results reveal that currently processing of mate biomass leads to increase of the PAHs in the final product mostly due to the high temperatures used in processing, in addition to the contamination of the combustion of wood and the environment from production of raw materials. As a second goal, it was aimed to increase the sort of products originated from mate by investigation the technological potential of the residue generated in the stage of mate grinding (mate powder) as raw material for the development of a new product, i.e. mate candy. The mate powder was evaluated for chemical composition regarnding the polyphenols, methylxanthines, tannins, dietary fiber, total ash, and essential oils contents, as well as the antioxidant activity. The chemical composition and physical properties of candies containing different concentrations of mate powder were also determined. Besides, the overall acceptability and consumption intent of the candies were evaluated through hedonic scale of eight point and attitude scales of five points, respectively. Mate powder showed high contents of dietary fiber, total ash, methylxanthines (mainly caffeine) and polyphenols (mainly acid 4.5 dicaffeoylquinic). For the essential oils fracton, powder mate showed low yield (0.01%) as caryophyllene as the major compound. Supplementation of the candies with mate powder caused significant increases in their polyphenol, fiber, methylxanthine, and mineral contents, and improved their antioxidant capacity. The sensory tests indicated that mate candies were acceptable and approved in relation to purchased intent
Obtenção de extrato de erva baleeira (Cordia verbenacea D.C.) por diferentes técnicas: medida da atividade biológica, modelagem matemática e determinação do equilíbrio de fases
No full textTese (doutorado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro Tecnológico. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Engenharia de Alimentos.A erva baleeira (Cordia verbenacea) é uma planta da Família das Borraginaceae, encontrada nas restingas marítimas de quase todo o litoral brasileiro, sendo mais comumente encontrada no trecho compreendido entre os Estados de Santa Catarina e São Paulo. Devido ao seu perfil de composição, a erva baleeira possui propriedades antiinflamatória e cicatrizante sendo indicada para o tratamento de reumatismo, artrite reumatóide, tendinite, dores lombares e musculares e nevralgias. Os compostos da classe dos sesquiterpenos encontrados em seus extratos como a-humuleno e trans-cariofileno são os principais responsáveis pela sua atividade antiinflamatória. Assim, o presente trabalho tem como objetivo avaliar a qualidade dos extratos de erva baleeira obtidos a partir da tecnologia supercrítica através da comparação, em termos de rendimento de processo, composição dos extratos e atividade biológica, com os extratos obtidos a partir das técnicas convencionais de extração (maceração seguida de fracionamento com solventes orgânicos, extração soxhlet e hidrodestilação) e também com o uso de etanol e acetato de etila como co-solventes junto à ESC. Os extratos supercríticos de erva baleeira foram obtidos numa faixa de pressão de 100 a 300 bar e temperatura de 30, 40 e 50ºC com densidade do solvente variando de 0,385 a 0,948 g/cm3 sendo o maior rendimento de 5,0% para a condição de extração de 300 bar e 50ºC. Foram utilizados solventes orgânicos de diferentes polaridades na extração convencional como: hexano, diclorometano, acetato de etila, etanol, acetona e misturas aquosas de 25 e 50% (etanol/água). O etanol e o acetato de etila foram utilizados nas concentrações de 2, 5 e 8% em massa como co-solventes na ESC, proporcionando rendimentos de até 8,6%. Foram identificados importantes compostos nos extratos de erva baleeira como a-humuleno, trans-cariofileno, espatulenol, cariofileno óxido, b-sitosterol e artemetina. Também foi avaliada, através do método DPPH (2,2-difenil-1-picrilhidrazil), método ABTS (2,2#-azino-bis-(3-etil-benzotiazolna-6-ácido sulfônico), radical ânion superóxido e proteção contra a peroxidação lipídica a atividade antioxidante dos extratos obtidos com as diferentes tecnologias. O conteúdo de compostos fenólicos presente nos extratos foi determinado através do método de Folin-Ciocalteau. A erva baleeira se mostrou uma importante fonte de compostos com atividade antioxidante com destaque para os extratos: fração acetato de etila da maceração, misturas aquosas etanol/água e extrato acetato de etila da soxhlet que apresentaram as maiores capacidades antioxidantes. A atividade antimicrobiana foi avaliada e os extratos supercríticos mostraram forte inibição antimicrobiana principalmente contra bactérias Gram-positivas com destaque para o extrato obtido com CO2 puro a 30ºC e 300 bar. Para a descrição da cinética de extração do sistema extrato de erva baleeira + CO2 supercrítico foram empregados diferentes modelos de transferência de massa apresentados na literatura. O modelo de Sovová (1994) foi o que melhor se ajustou aos dados experimentais e a convecção se mostrou como principal mecanismo de transferência de massa e a difusão como fator limitante. Foi investigado experimentalmente o comportamento de fases dos sistemas binários contendo a-humuleno + CO2 e trans-cariofileno + CO2 e do sistema ternário formado por a-humuleno + trans-cariofileno + CO2, através do método estático sintético. Os resultados experimentais obtidos no estudo do equilíbrio de fases apresentaram transições de fases do tipo líquidovapor, líquido-líquido e líquido-líquido-vapor. Cordia verbenacea is a plant from the Borraginaceae family, widely find along the southeastern coast of Brazil, especially between the states of Santa Catarina and São Paulo. Due to its composition profile, Cordia verbenacea presents anti-inflammatory and healing properties, being indicated for treatment of rheumatism, rheumatoid arthritis, tendonitis, muscle and back pain and neuralgia. The compounds from the sesquiterpene class present in Cordia verbenacea extracts, such as a-humulene and trans-caryophyllene, are the main responsible for its antiinflammatory activity. Therefore, the aim of this study is to evaluate the quality of Cordia verbenacea extracts obtained by supercritical technology and compare, in terms of process yield, extracts composition and biological activity, with extracts obtained by conventional extraction techniques (maceration followed by fractionation with organic solvents, soxhlet extraction and hydrodistillation). The supercritical method was also improved by using ethanol and acetate ethyl as co-solvents. The supercritical extracts of Cordia verbenacea were obtained in a range of pressure from 100 to 300 bar and 30, 40 and 50°C of temperature with density of solvent varying from 0.385 a 0.948 g/cm3, being the largest extraction yield of 5.0% for the extraction condition of 300 bar and 50°C. The organic solvents of different polarity, used in conventional methods were: hexane, dichloromethane, ethyl acetate, ethanol, acetone and aqueous mixtures of 25 and 50% (ethanol / water). Ethanol and ethyl acetate were used in concentrations of 2.5 and 8% in mass as co-solvents in the supercritical extraction, providing yields up to 8.6%. Relevant compounds were identified in extracts of Cordia verbenacea as a-humulene, trans-caryophyllene, spathulenol, caryophyllene oxide, b-sitosterol and artemetin. The potential of the extracts were evaluated by the methods DPPH (2,2 - diphenyl - 1 - picrylhydrazyl), ABTS (2,2#- azinobis - 3 - ethylbenzothiazoline 6 - ulfonate), superoxide anion radical and protection against lipid peroxidation, in order to detect the antioxidant activity of extracts obtained by the different extraction technologies. The content of phenolic compounds present in the extracts was determined by the method of Folin-Ciocalteau. Cordia verbenacea has showed itself an important source of compounds with antioxidant activity, especially for the ethyl acetate fraction (maceration), ethanol/water mixtures and ethyl acetate from soxhlet method which presented the highest antioxidant capacity. The antimicrobial activity was evaluated and the supercritical extracts showed high antimicrobial inhibition, especially against gram-positive bacteria with emphasis to the extract obtained by CO2 at 30ºC and 300 bar. The kinetic description of the system Cordia verbenacea + supercritical CO2 was performed by different mass transfer models, presented in literature. The Sovová (1994) model show the best adjustment with experimental data and the convection was indicated as the main mass transfer mechanism, with diffusion as a limiting factor. The phase behavior was investigated for the binary systems containing a-humulene + CO2 and trans-caryophyllene + CO2 and for the binary system formed by a-humulene + trans-caryophyllene + CO2, through the static synthetic method. The experimental results obtained in the study of equilibrium phases showed transition of phases of the type liquid-vapour, liquid-liquid and iquid-liquid-vapour
The differences in relationships of intelligence general reading ability and achievement in communications among college freshman with higher level and lower level critical reading abilities, 1964
No full textPhoneme discrimination and localization performance in children with cochlear implants and contralateral auditory brainstem implants with inner ear malformations
No full textPurpose This study compares unilateral and bilateral phoneme discrimination (PD) and azimuth localization abilities in children with severe inner ear malformations and cochlear nerve deficiencies who use a cochlear implant (CI) and a contralateral auditory brainstem implant (ABI). Methods A total of 17 children between the ages of 7 and 18 years with CI and contralateral ABI were included in the study. PD and localization tests were evaluated in three conditions: CI only, ABI only, and bilateral. All subjects completed a self-report Hearing-Related Quality of Life (HRQoL) scale. Results Statistical analysis revealed that PD scores were significantly higher in the bilateral condition than in the ABI condition alone (p = 0.003). However, no significant differences were found between the CI and ABI or between the CI and bilateral conditions. Similarly, no statistically significant differences in localization performance were found between the three conditions (p > 0.05). Regression analysis identified HRQoL as a significant predictor of bilateral PD (p < 0.05), while ABI localization was a significant predictor of bilateral localization (p < 0.05). Additionally, bilateral PD was found to be a significant predictor of HRQoL (p = 0.001). Conclusion While the performance of CI alone and bilateral PD is similar, there is a significant difference between the performance of ABI alone and bilateral PD. Therefore, in cases with an ABI, bilateral stimulation should be maintained by continued use of a CI in the contralateral ear, even in the presence of severe inner ear malformation and/or cochlear nerve deficiencies. In the long term, comparable levels of PD discrimination and localization performance can be achieved by using two different modalities.Izmir Bakircay UniversityThis article is derived from the doctoral dissertation of the first author, Erva Degirmenci Uzun. The authors gratefully acknowledge the children and parents who participated in this study for their patience and cooperation and the Hacettepe University auditory implant team for their great effort during the follow-up period of the children with ABI
ANALISIS RISIKO KECELAKAAN KERJA DAN KESELAMATAN KERJA PADA PROSES PRODUKSI BETON SIAP PAKAI MENGGUNAKAN METODE HIRARC (Studi Kasus: Perusahaan Beton)
No full textJika membutuhkan abstrak atau isi jurnal silahkan menghubungi author melalui e-mail [email protected] atau [email protected]
Dipublikasikan tanggal: 05 Juli 202
Sobre a Padronização de um Método Prático Para a Dosagem da Cafeína
No full textIn this work the author puts in evidence a practical and at the same time rapid method for the determination of the cafein quantity in erva-mate, that may be utilized to perfection in food and industrial analyses or others that not demand scientific rigour. The author presents a description of the method and makes a comparison with the classical method of Grandval-Lajoux, showing that the differences between the one and the other are practically nil. In conclusion, the result of the three analyses of the same sample of erva-mate, made by the Grandval-Lajoux method are cited, show that the same differences appear as those shown between the rapid method suggested by the author and the classical method. In this case, the maximum difference was 0,06% and the minimum 0,01%
Production Methods of D-Allulose
No full textRare sugars are of great interest as alternative sweeteners because they are beneficial for human health and have a high industrial value. The existence of rare sugars in nature in very limited quantities has encouraged studies to convert common sugars obtained from plants into rare sugars by enzymatic, chemical or other methods. D-allulose, which has a very important place among rare sugars, is a sugar that stands out with its low calorie and sweetness very close to sucrose. It has the ability to regulate many biological functions such as lowering blood glucose level, improving insulin resistance, reducing fat accumulation in the body and reducing fever, as well as having high solubility and positive effects on food tissue, making the use of this sugar more efficient in food processing. D-allulose is known as "indigestible carbohydrate". It occurs naturally in many fruits and beverages and some cereal products. Today, D-allulose can be produced in many ways such as plant extraction, chemical synthesis, enzymatic conversion and can be safely used in the production of some foodstuffs. In this review, D-allulose production methods are presented, differences in these methods and their advantages and disadvantages are compared to each other. © 2022 by the Author(s)
The Impact of Implementing Green Economy on Company Profits in the Long Term at Pt Ace Hardware Indonesia Tbk.
No full textThis study analyzes the relationship between the application of green economy concepts, financial performance, and employee responses to sustainability issues at PT Ace Hardware Indonesia Tbk. Through data analysis from financial reports, profit and loss reports, cash flow reports, as well as employee survey results, the findings show that there is a significant link between sustainable business practices and positive employee responses to sustainability issues. Moreover, economic equality reaching 48% among employees reflects the company\u27s commitment to social inclusivity and equality in the workplace. From this analysis, it appears that the application of the green economy concept has the potential to increase company profitability and competitiveness in the long term. Based on these findings, several suggestions are provided to optimize the implementation of the green economy concept, including increasing employee awareness, developing broader environmental policies, and investing in green technology. Implementation of these suggestions is expected to strengthen PT Ace Hardware Indonesia Tbk\u27s position as a sustainable company and increase its profitability, while also having a positive impact on the environment and society as a whole
An?lise de desempenho na bovinocultura de corte, frutas c?tricas e erva-mate: um estudo de caso
No full textRural properties, whether family or corporate, regardless of their size, need tools that allow and
assist in improving their controls and to support the manager, who, as responsible for
monitoring the production process, planning and control, to better decide and evaluate the
results in order to maximize them, can access reliable data related to the decision. In face of
this context, where the need for better control is being drawn, the objective of this work was to
seek alternatives to present elements that allow the identification of data and measurement of
productive and financial performance for rural properties that develop beef cattle breeding,
citrus (orange) orchard, and yerba mate production. The theoretical foundations were based on
concepts related to rural administration, property profile, and related to beef cattle, citrus
orchard, and yerba mate activities, pointing out elements about their researched processes,
presenting the referred indicators. The research study object comprised the analysis of the
performance of rural properties, exposing elements for such and demonstrating its validity
before the case study of a specific property. The data were collected through an instrument
developed by the author based on the data accessed and with the objective of calculation,
elaborated by means of the literature review carried out, culminating with the application in onsite verification through documentary research. The data analysis followed theoretical
indications that showed out the expected performance parameters. With the verification of the
results, it was found that the rural property studied presented positive financial results for the
three activities evaluated; in relation to the productive performance, the beef cattle-raising
activity did not meet the two indicated parameters, because there was an increase in the land
area that demands a larger herd to increase production and needs a greater daily follow-up of
herd events in relation to newborn calves; The orange orchard was below the productive
parameter presented, because there was the expansion of the area for the activity with the
insertion of young plants that are developing and still do not present all their productive capacity
interfering in the total production of the area; finally, the yerba mate that in the productive
performance satisfactorily met the established parameter with the lowest production cost.
Finally, it was observed that with the calculation tool it was possible to obtain data for the
analysis of the productive and financial performance of the activities and the property,
providing precise information for planning, control and decision making of the rural property,
thus contributing to its correct management.As propriedades rurais, sejam familiares ou empresariais, independente do seu tamanho,
necessitam de ferramentas que permitam e auxiliem na melhoria de seus controles e para apoiar
o gestor, que, como respons?vel por acompanhar o processo produtivo, seu planejamento e
controle, para assim melhor decidir e avaliar os resultados a fim de maximiz?-los, possa acessar
dados confi?veis relacionados a decis?o. Frente a esse contexto, cujas necessidades de controle
mais aprimorados se desenham, o objetivo do presente trabalho foi buscar alternativas para
apresentar elementos que viabilizem a identifica??o de dados e mensura??o de desempenho
produtivo e financeiro para propriedades rurais que desenvolvem atividade de bovinocultura de
corte, pomar c?trico (laranja) e produ??o de erva-mate. Os fundamentos te?ricos se apoiaram
em conceitos referentes a administra??o rural, perfil da propriedade, e relacionados as
atividades de bovinocultura de corte, pomar c?trico e erva-mate apontando elementos sobre seus
processos pesquisados, se apresentando os referidos indicadores. A pesquisa desenvolvida foi
de abordagem qualitativa classificada como explorat?ria. O objeto de estudo da pesquisa
compreendeu a an?lise de desempenho de propriedades rurais, expondo elementos para tal e
demonstrando sua validade perante de estudo de caso de uma propriedade espec?fica. Os dados
foram coletados atrav?s de um instrumento elaborado pela autora a partir dos dados acessados
e com o objetivo de c?lculo elaborado por interm?dio da revis?o bibliogr?fica realizada,
culminando com a aplica??o na verifica??o in loco por via documental. A an?lise dos dados
seguiu indicativos te?ricos que apontaram par?metros de desempenho esperados. Com a
verifica??o dos resultados, se constatou que a propriedade rural estudada apresentou resultados
financeiros positivos para as tr?s atividades avaliadas; em rela??o ao desempenho produtivo, a
atividade de bovinocultura de corte n?o atendeu ? dois par?metros indicados, isso porque houve
o aumento da ?rea de terras que demanda de um rebanho maior para elevar a produ??o e
necessita de maior acompanhamento di?rio dos eventos do rebanho em rela??o aos bezerros
rec?m-nascidos; o pomar de laranja ficou abaixo do par?metro produtivo apresentado, isso
porque ocorreu a amplia??o da ?rea para a atividade com a inser??o de plantas jovens que est?o
se desenvolvendo e ainda n?o apresentam toda sua capacidade produtiva interferindo na
produ??o total da ?rea; por fim, a erva-mate que no desempenho produtivo atendeu
satisfatoriamente ao par?metro estabelecido com o menor custo de produ??o. Finalmente, se
observou que com o instrumento de c?lculo foi poss?vel obter dados para a an?lise do
desempenho produtivo e financeiro das atividades e da propriedade, fornecendo informa??es
precisas para o planejamento, controle e tomada de decis?o da propriedade rural, contribuindo
assim, para sua correta gest?o
Using Pop-Up Book in E-Learning to Improve Students Vocabulary Mastery Student
No full textThis research aims to test the effectiveness of using Pop-Up Books to increase students\u27 vocabulary. Pop-Up Book is implemented for students in E-learning using YouTube videos. This research uses a quasi-experiment design with non-equivalent control groups. By conducting tests on two groups, this research design combines pre-test, treatment, and post-test research. The author uses a test for students created to measure student achievement in increasing vocabulary using Pop Up. Test to determine the difference in students\u27 vocabulary mastery between the experimental group and the control group after the learning process using Pop-Up Books or without using Pop-Up Books. The population in this study were class VII students at MTs PSM Randublatung Blora for the 2021/2022 academic year. Two classes of class VII students at MTs PSM Randublatung, Blora, were used as samples. The control group is the first class, while the experimental group is the second class. Class VII C is the control group, while VII D is the experimental group. The results of this research indicate that the use of Pop-Up Books to increase students\u27 vocabulary is effective. The test results show that the average score is 86.44, which is in the good range. With a rate of 59.03%, the use of Pop-Up Books as learning media is quite effective
