432 research outputs found
Inactivation of mTORC1 in the Developing Brain Causes Microcephaly and Affects Gliogenesis
No full textThe mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) regulates cell growth in response to various intracellular and extracellular signals. It assembles into two multiprotein complexes: the rapamycin-sensitive mTOR complex 1 (mTORC1) and the rapamycin-insensitive mTORC2. In this study, we inactivated mTORC1 in mice by deleting the gene encoding raptor in the progenitors of the developing CNS. Mice are born but never feed and die within a few hours. The brains deficient for raptor show a microcephaly starting at E17.5 that is the consequence of a reduced cell number and cell size. Changes in cell cycle length during late cortical development and increased cell death both contribute to the reduction in cell number. Neurospheres derived from raptor-deficient brains are smaller, and differentiation of neural progenitors into glia but not into neurons is inhibited. The differentiation defect is paralleled by decreased Stat3 signaling, which is a target of mTORC1 and has been implicated in gliogenesis. Together, our results show that postnatal survival, overall brain growth, and specific aspects of brain development critically depend on mTORC1 function
Dilip Kumar: autor-aktor
No full textDilip Kumar has been praised for his sublime dialog delivery, for his restrained gestures, and for his measured and controlled underplay of emotions in tragic stories as well as in light-hearted comedies. His debut in 1944 with Jwar Bhata (Ebb and Tide) met with less-than-flattering reviews. So did the next three films until his 1948 film, Jugnu (Firefly), which brought him recognition and success. Unlike his contemporaries such as Raj Kapoor and Dev Anand, who propelled their careers by launching their own production companies, Dilip Kumar relied on his talent, his unique approach to characterization, and his immersion in the projects he undertook. In the course of his career that spanned six decades, Kumar made only 62 films. However, his work is a textbook for other actors that followed. Not only did he bring respectability to a profession that had been shunned by the upper classes in India as a profession for “pimps and prostitutes,” but he also elevated film-acting and filmmaking to an academic discipline, making him worthy of the title ‘Professor Emeritus of Acting’. Rooted in the theoretical framework of Howard S. Becker’s work on the “production of culture” and “doing things together,” this paper discusses Kumar’s approach to acting, character development, and the level of his involvement and commitment to each of his projects. The author of this article argues that more than the creative control as a producer or a director, it is the artistic involvement and commitment of the main actors that shape great works of art in cinema. Dilip Kumar demonstrated it repeatedly.Dilip Kumar był chwalony za wysublimowane prowadzenie dialogów, opanowaną gestykulację oraz za wyważone i kontrolowane wyrażanie emocji zarówno w opowieściach tragicznych, jak też w beztroskich komediach. Jego debiut w 1944 w Jwar Bhata (Odpływy i przypływy) spotkał się z niezbyt pochlebnymi recenzjami. Podobnie było z kolejnymi trzema filmami, aż do filmu Jugnu (Świetlik) z 1948 roku, który przyniósł mu uznanie i sukces. W przeciwieństwie do swoich rówieśników, jak Raj Kapoor iDev Anand, którzy napędzali kariery, uruchamiając własne firmy produkcyjne, Dilip Kumar polegał na swoim talencie, unikalnym podejściu do charakteryzacji i zaangażowaniu w projekty, których się podjął. W ciągu swojej sześćdziesięcioletniej kariery Kumar nakręcił tylko 62 filmy. Jednak jego praca jest podręcznikowa dla młodszych aktorów. Nie tylko przyniósł szacunek zawodowi aktora, traktowanemu przez indyjskie klasy wyższe jako zawód „alfonsów i prostytutek”, ale także podniósł aktorstwo filmowe i filmowanie do dyscypliny akademickiej, co uczyniło Kumara godnym tytułu emerytowanego profesora aktorstwa. Artykuł ten, zakorzeniony w ramach teoretycznych pracy Howarda S. Beckera nad „produkcją kultury” i „robieniem rzeczy razem”, omawia podejście Kumara do aktorstwa i rozwoju postaci oraz poziom jego zaangażowania w każdy ze swoich projektów. Autor tego artykułu przekonuje, że to artystyczne zaangażowanie i poświęcenie głównych aktorów kształtują wielkie dzieła sztuki w kinie bardziej niż kontrola twórcza producenta czy reżysera. Dilip Kumar wielokrotnie to zademonstrował
Stem Cell Antigen CD34 In Native And Engineered Form Alter Its Binding Ability To Stromal Cells And Ligands: A Classical Example Of Clinical Benefits Of Therapeutic Genetic Engineering Of Stem Cells In Transplantation
No full textCD34 is a highly glycosylated surface-expressed sialomucin and, because it is present on hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs), has demonstrated immense clinical utility in their enumeration in aphaeresis products, immunoaffinity purification for transplantation, and disease monitoring. The success of CD34 based reagents in identifying hematopoietic progenitors led to the assumption that CD34 is expressed on cells with regenerative potential and is sufficient for hematopoietic reconstitution in marrow-ablated recipients. However, its role has not been identified in substantial detail. 

With the advent of the fact that CD34 binds adapter protein like CRK-L in cytosol and CD34 knock out studies identified a a signaling role, CD34 antigen has been proposed to play a signaling function. Since it is a sialomucin, a member of the group adhesion molecules, we attempted to identify a role by over-expreesing its gene in cell lines. We report here that CD34 and engineered forms (Ser306 & Tyr318) significantly regulates adhesion to stromal cells, like mesenchymal stem cells and bone marrow ligands. These enhance binding of cells overexpressing CD34 by upregulating integrins and we therefore propose that such cells may effectively potentiate the success of transplantation through greater homing if they are used for transfusion
Sex trafficking of girls and women : Evidence from Anantapur district, Andhra Pradesh
No full textA crucial gap in the trafficking literature from India is the dearth of primary data and micro studies that could be used for vulnerability mapping of the source areas and addressing the identified risk factors. The present paper is a small attempt to contribute to plugging the gap in the context of Andhra Pradesh, identified as a hot spot in the trafficking literature. This paper is based on case studies of 78 women who had been trafficked from their places of origin in Anantapur district in Andhra Pradesh to metropolitan cities across India and who have since returned to their homes. The paper attempted to identify the individual and family circumstances that contribute to the causes of trafficking, to highlight in particular the gendered vulnerabilities that set these women up for trafficking, and to capture the process of the trafficking experience. The findings of the study are located in the dynamic interplay of the social structural context and specificities of the district that contribute to causes of trafficking and the individual circumstances and agency of the women. The case studies reported in this paper are a pointer to the compelling urgency of interventions that will go beyond the forced / voluntary divide in trafficking and sex work.Andhra Pradesh, India, trafficking
A role for SUMO modification in transcriptional repression and activation
No full textSince the discovery of the SUMO (small ubiquitin-related modifier) family of proteins just over a decade ago, a plethora of substrates have been uncovered including many regulators of transcription. Conjugation of SUMO to target proteins has generally been considered as a repressive modification. However, there are now a growing number of examples where SUMOylation has been shown to activate transcription. Here, we discuss whether there is something intrinsically repressive about SUMOylation, or if the outcome of this modification in the context of transcription will prove to be largely substrate-dependent. We highlight some of the technical challenges that will be faced by attempting to answer this question
Not Available
No full textNot AvailableFlavobacterium columnare is currently one of the important bacterial pathogens causing columnaris disease in several farmed fish species across diverse geographies. A presumptive columnaris disease outbreak in farmed catla, Catla catla (Hamilton), was investigated with the aim of isolating and identifying the causative pathogen. F. columnare (strain RDC-1) was isolated from gills of infected fish and identified by conventional biochemical methods, and through species specific polymerase chain reaction and sequencing of the 16S rDNA for molecular identification. Strain RDC-1 belonged to genomovar II with 99% similarity to available 16S rDNA sequences of F. columnare, and also shared 70% DNA-DNA relatedness with known strains of F. columnare. Bath immersion studies of RDC-1 showed development of columnaris disease in catla fingerlings within 7 days, with a cumulative mortality of 83.3%. This is the first molecular confirmation of Flavobacterium columnare as a fish pathogen of farmed Catla catla in India.NBAIM, Ma
Expression of estrogen receptor, progesterone receptor, and human epidermal growth factor receptor type 2/neu in surface epithelial ovarian tumors and its clinicohistopathological correlation
No full textBACKGROUND: Ovarian cancers represent the 4th most frequent type of cancers among females and are the most common cause of death from gynecological cancers in the world.
AIMS AND OBJECTIVES: The aim is to evaluate the expression of estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR), and human epidermal growth factor receptor (HER2/neu) immunohistochemical markers in surface epithelial ovarian tumors and its clinicopathological correlation with CA-125 level, histological type, grading of tumors, and prognosis of ovarian tumors.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: This study included 48 cases of surface epithelial ovarian tumors including serous, mucinous, and adenocarcinoma Not Otherwise Specified (NOS). After grossing and processing, H and E sections were examined and representative 3–4 μm sections taken from blocks for immunohistochemistry which was performed with specific antibodies against ER, PR, and HER2/neu as per standard protocol. Statistical analysis was performed using Chi-square test.
DISCUSSION AND RESULTS: ER expression was higher in malignant, borderline, serous tumors as compared to benign and mucinous tumors. PR expression was higher in borderline, serous tumors as compared to malignant and mucinous tumors. HER2/neu positive cases were higher in malignant, serous as compared to borderline and mucinous tumors.
CONCLUSIONS: ER expression was found to be positive in most of serous tumors, have variable role in prognosis. PR expression showed protective role in survival of patients. Her2/neu was found to be expressed in higher grade and associated with poor prognosis. Together expression of ER and Her2/neu associated with decreased survival rates
Effect of gutkha chewing on periodontal health and oral hygiene of peoples in Delhi NCR region of North India: A cross-sectional multicentered study
No full textBackground: In India, gutkha is popular among all socioeconomic groups, since it is available easily and is of less cost. Various investigations have demonstrated the relationship of gutkha biting with periodontal status and oral hygiene. Aim: The aim of this study is to assess the effect of gutkha chewing on periodontal health and oral hygiene of patients attending the dental department in India. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional investigation was directed among 200 patients going to dental camps. Among them, 100 were gutkha chewers and 100 were smokers. The oral hygiene status of selected patients was determined by using the Simplified Oral Hygiene Index. Various periodontal parameters like a gingival recession, clinical attachment loss, mobility, and furcation were used to evaluate the periodontal status. Data were collected and analyzed with the help of SPSS software version 20. Result: Among the 200 subjects, 102 were males and 78 were females. In 100 gutkha chewers, 67% were male and 33% were females. About 68% gutkha chewers showed poor oral hygiene as compared to nonchewers (41%). The values of all the periodontal parameters were significantly higher in gutkha smokers compared to nonchewers. Conclusion: Gutkha chewing has a strong effect on oral hygiene. The findings can contribute to the evidence of smokeless tobacco (gutkha) as a risk factor for periodontal disease
Hindi\u27s Original Poet ‘Amir Khusro’: A Analytical Study
No full textAbul Hasan Yamin-ud-din Khusrau (1253–1325 AD), popularly known as Amir Khusrau, was a great poet, poet, singer, musician, scholar, Sufi saint and historian. Hazrat Nizamuddin Auliya of Delhi was his spiritual teacher, he is known as the father of Qawwali, he enriched it by combining Arabic and Persian music in Hindustani classical music, Sitar was also manufactured by him. First of all, he had mentioned Hindawi for his language. He was also a poet of Persian, he had got the shelter of Delhi Sultanate. Amir Khusrau is called Tota-e-Hind (Parrot of Hind). The list of his books is long. We can divide the main works of Khusro into six parts. :- 1. Five diwans 2. Five historical poems, (Masnavis) 3. Five Khams 4. Ghazals 5. Three prose compositions and 6. Hindi poems. Khusrau\u27s three compositions are considered in Hindi - Khalik Bari, Halat-e-Kanhaiya and Najrane-e-Hindi, but only Khalikwari is available. Khusro has composed more poetry than prose. Amir Khusro has the distinction of being the first poet of Khadi Boli Hindi. In the words of late Ramdhari Singh Dinkar, "When we take up the history of Khari Boli, we definitely have to admit that the oldest written literature of this language is of Amir Khusro." He is considered to be the poet of the real spoken language and the creator of the form of modern Khadi Boli. According to Ram Kumar Verma- "Khusro is an era-changing poet of Hindi literature, who has done a great favor to Hindi literature.
HERMITE-HADAMARD TYPE INEQUALITIES FOR PREINVEX FUNCTIONS WITH APPLICATIONS
No full textIn this article, we establish new Hermite-Hadamard Type inequalities for functions whose first derivative in absolute value are preinvex. Further, we give some application of our obtained results to some special means of real numbers. Moreover, we discuss several special cases of the results obtained in this paper.BHU-UGC Non-NET fellowship [R/Dev./Sch./UGC Non-Net Fellowship/2022-23/58420]IoE Scheme [6031]The first author is financially supported by BHU-UGC Non-NET fellowship R/Dev./Sch./UGC Non-Net Fellowship/2022-23/58420. The second author is financially supported by Research Grant for Faculty (IoE Scheme) under Dev. Scheme NO. 6031
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