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Comportements alimentaires plus durables chez les personnes en difficulté financière en France : valeurs, barrières, opportunités
No full textGiven the adverse impacts of current food systems on human health, planetary habitability and social inequalities, it is urgently needed to shift towards a more sustainable model. This transition implies adopting a more balanced, plant-based diet and consuming food produced in a fairer and more environmentally-friendlier way, but such changes have to be accessible and acceptable. A lack of accessibility could act as a barrier for a significant proportion of the population who is experiencing financial hardship, due to insufficient income and high inflation. However, few studies have been conducted on the determinants of sustainable eating behaviours in this population. The overall aim of this thesis is to better understand how people experiencing financial hardship in France perceive opportunities to make more sustainable food choices in terms of acceptability and accessibility.Firstly, we focused on the effects and perception of food assistance programs which aim to make sustainable eating behaviours more affordable and accessible.We qualitatively studied the food values of 27 customers of a social grocery shop. Our analysis showed that these consumers value several dimensions of sustainable eating, but have little knowledge of the environmental impact of food systems. However, they feel powerless to engage in the desired behaviours, especially due to an unfavourable food environment. The social grocery shop is a highly appreciated opportunity to adopt a more balanced diet, but remains limited.We then analysed the purchases of customers of a social grocery shop, following a change in the supply of fruit and vegetables. Our analyses show that this intervention did not lead to an increase in fruit and vegetable purchases, but represents a qualitative improvement, enabling customers to consume organic products (a quarter of the fruit and vegetables purchased, despite a higher price).Finally, we qualitatively analysed the perceptions of 27 participants who received food vouchers for fruit, vegetables and legumes. Our results show that the vouchers were well accepted despite implementation issues, and often changed food choice processes by placing greater weight on pleasure and variety.Secondly, we examined the perception of the accessibility and acceptability of adopting a more sustainable diet among parents experiencing financial hardship.We first interviewed 14 parents experiencing financial hardship living in a deprived neighbourhood about their perceptions of a more sustainable diet. Our findings show that these parents value a more plant-based diet for health and the budget, but make trade-offs that are not favourable to such changes due to multiple external constraints.Through an online questionnaire with a representative sample of parents, we also observed that the feeling of financial hardship is associated with choices more motivated by prices and familiarity, the perception that changing their diet is costly, a stronger feeling of powerlessness, and a lower intention to consume more legumes.This thesis highlights the importance of considering the specific values, barriers and opportunities of people experiencing financial hardship when considering a fair transition towards more sustainable food systems. Addressing physical and economic accessibility is key to facilitate the integration of more sustainable habits into daily routines.Compte tenu des conséquences des systèmes alimentaires actuels sur la santé humaine, l’habitabilité de la planète et les inégalités sociales, il est nécessaire d’évoluer rapidement vers un modèle plus durable. Cette transition implique notamment l’adoption d’un régime plus équilibré et plus végétal et la consommation d’aliments issus de filières plus justes et protégeant l’environnement, mais ces changements doivent être accessibles et acceptables. Or, le manque d’accessibilité pourrait être une barrière pour une partie importante de la population qui est en difficulté financière, en raison de ressources insuffisantes et d’une forte inflation. Cependant, peu d’études ont été conduites sur les déterminants des comportements alimentaires durables dans cette population. L’objectif de cette thèse est de comprendre comment les personnes en difficulté financière en France perçoivent les opportunités de faire des choix alimentaires plus durables en termes d’acceptabilité et d’accessibilité.Dans un premier temps, nous nous sommes intéressés aux effets et à la perception de dispositifs d’aide alimentaire qui visent à rendre les comportements durables plus accessibles.Nous avons qualitativement étudié les valeurs alimentaires de 27 client·e·s d’une épicerie sociale et solidaire. Notre analyse a montré que ces personnes valorisent plusieurs dimensions de l’alimentation durable mais connaissent peu l’impact environnemental des systèmes alimentaires. Elles ressentent une impuissance à adopter les comportements valorisés, notamment en raison d’un environnement alimentaire contraint. L’épicerie constitue une opportunité appréciée pour adopter une alimentation plus équilibrée, mais reste limitée.Nous avons ensuite analysé les achats des client·e·s d’une épicerie sociale et solidaire suite à un changement d’approvisionnement en fruits et légumes. Notre analyse montre que cette intervention n’a pas entraîné d’augmentation des achats de fruits et légumes, mais constitue une amélioration qualitative de l’offre et a permis aux client·e·s de consommer des produits biologiques (un quart des fruits et légumes achetés malgré un prix plus élevé).Enfin, nous avons qualitativement analysé les perceptions de 27 personnes ayant reçu des chèques alimentaires pour des fruits, des légumes et des légumineuses pendant trois mois. Nos résultats montrent que les chèques ont été bien acceptés malgré des limites d’implémentation, et ont souvent permis de modifier les arbitrages dans les choix alimentaires en donnant plus d’importance au plaisir et à la variété.Dans un second temps, nous avons étudié la perception de l’accessibilité et de l’acceptabilité de l’adoption d’un régime plus durable chez les parents en difficulté financière.Nous avons d’abord interrogé 14 parents en difficulté financière habitant dans un quartier défavorisé sur leurs perceptions d’un régime plus durable. Nos résultats montrent que ces parents valorisent la végétalisation du régime pour la santé et le budget, mais font des arbitrages qui sont peu favorables à ce changement en raison de multiples contraintes extérieures.Par un questionnaire en ligne auprès d’un échantillon représentatif de parents, nous avons également observé que le sentiment de difficulté financière est associé à des choix plus motivés par le prix et les habitudes, à la perception que changer son régime est coûteux, à un plus fort sentiment d’impuissance, et à une moindre intention de consommer plus de légumineuses.Cette thèse souligne l’importance de considérer les valeurs, les barrières et les opportunités spécifiques des personnes en difficulté financière, dans l’optique de penser une transition juste vers une alimentation plus durable. Il est essentiel d’agir sur l’accessibilité physique et économique pour faciliter l’inscription d’habitudes plus durables dans les routines
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
La cantine scolaire au cœur de la transition vers une alimentation durable : cadre, acteurs et limites
No full textNational audienc
La cantine scolaire au cœur de la transition vers une alimentation durable : cadre, acteurs et limites
No full textNational audienc
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