322,895 research outputs found
Passiflora mistratensis Kuethe & Vanderplank 2022, sp. nov.
No full textPassiflora mistratensis Kuethe & Vanderplank sp. nov. (Figure 1) Type:— COLOMBIA. Risaralda department: Mistrató, Vereda río arriba, 5°18’38”N 75°53’11”W, 1700 m, fl., 27 April 1992, C. Lozano 6389 (holotype: COL!, isotypes: COL!, HUA!). Diagnosis: —This new species is nearest related to Passiflora danielii and Passiflora trisulca, from which it differs in always having unlobed leaves and up to three pairs of large, stipitate nectaries. The flowers of Passiflora mistratensis further differ from these abovementioned species by having awns of less than 2 mm long (vs. long, conspicuous awns in excess of 6–7 mm in length). Description: —Vine medium size, robust, 2–7 m high. Stem terete, striate, glabrous. Tendrils terete, glabrous, 12–18 cm long. Stipules foliaceous, semi-ovate, margin glandular, 25–35 × 12–20 mm, adaxial surface glabrous, abaxial surface sparsely lanate, apex green, without mimicry but very occasionally a slight yellowish tip of less than 1 mm. Petiole sub-terete with sulcus on adaxial surface, 2.2–4 cm long, glabrous with (2–) 3 pairs of glands, one pair of glands held close to the leaf blade the other one or two pairs in the distal half of the petiole (glands auriculate-capitate, 2–2.7 mm long, 1.3–1.7 mm in diam.). Leaf blade lanceolate, entire, 10–18.5 × 4.5–8.5 cm, sub-coriaceous, adaxial surface glabrous, abaxial surface appressed-lanate, rounded at base with 3–6 small nectariferous glands each side on the edge of the leaf blade close to the point of attachment, acute at apex. Peduncle single, terete, glabrous, 5–7 cm long. Bracts lanceolate, 10–15 × 4–5 mm, smooth margin, glabrous, deciduous as flower buds mature. Flowers pale mauve and purple, 7.5–8 cm in diam., diurnal. Hypanthium campanulate, 8–10 mm diam., 5–6 mm high, green. Sepals ovatelanceolate, fleshy, 25–32 × 9–12 mm, adaxial surface greenish-white, abaxial surface of the petals rugged, covered with tiny spines along the midribs, green with white margin and short awn ca. 1–2 mm long (if present). Petals ovatelanceolate, 25–32 × 7–9.5 mm, adaxial and abaxial surfaces pale mauve. Corona filaments in 6 series, outer 1 st and 2 nd series fleshy, 20–24 mm long, 0.8–1.1 mm in diam., banded purple, white and violet, 3 rd and 4 th series fleshy ca. 3.5 mm long, linear-clavate with purple tips, 5 th series ca. 2.5 mm long, erect, linear-clavate with white tips, 6 th series ca. 4.5 mm long, erect, clavate with white tips. Operculum erect, 5–6 mm high, free nearly to base, purple with white tips, lower quarter “z” shaped and membranous. Limen cupuliform. Androgynophore slender ca. 2.3 cm long, pale green speckled purple. Staminal filaments pale green speckled purple, 7–8 mm long. Anthers pale green. Pollen deep yellow. Ovary ovoid, glabrous, ca. 5 mm long, pale green. Style green speckled purple, 7–8 mm long. Stigma olive green. Fruit only seen in a photograph without scale, not mature, obovate, not stipitate, green with white speckles. Arils unknown. Seed unknown. Phenology: —This species can be found in flower between October and April, with fruit recorded in March and April. The effective pollinator of the flower has not been observed, however, the structure of the flower suggests pollination by bees and medium sized flying insects. Etymology: —This species is named after the municipality Mistrató, Risaralda, Colombia. Distribution and habitat: —This new species can be found at various locations throughout the Cauca Valley of Colombia (Fig. 2), where it has been reported from the departments of Antioquia, Risaralda and Valle de Cauca. This for a large part follows the course of the Río Cauca, which is the central river between the Colombian Cordillera Occidental and the volcanic Central Cordillera. This species appears to be restricted to premontane cloudforests of the east-facing slopes of the Cordillera Occidental, where it grows at elevations between 1400 and 2000 m above sea level. Notable populations have been cited in the municipalities of La Ceja (Antioquia) just south of the city Medellín; Mistrató (Risaralda) west of the city Manizales; and Darién (Valle de Cauca) north of Calí, where it was first found growing near the shores of the Calima Reservoir in secondary disturbed forest. Conservation notes: —The several collections (<25 specimens recorded in situ) of this species and georeferenced sightings (unvouchered) were found mostly within the northern extent of the Cauca Valley, and may show the limit of its potential distribution. Plotting those georeferenced points in GeoCat software gives a total Area of Occupancy (AOO) of about 20 km 2 and an Extent of Occurrence of 2,940 km 2, scaling Passiflora mistratensis EN (Endangered) according to the software. This is further supported by the IUCN (2019) criterion B1a quantifying a 5,000 km 2 threshold; and criterion C2a quantifying an estimated total population of less than 2,500 mature individual plants and a decline caused by its fragmented distribution and habitat disappearance. Of course, before an official Conservational Assessment could be given, other factors such as habitat stability and extent of deforestation within this distribution have to be taken into account. This would require much additional fieldwork to be carried out in this region. There is only one National Park (Cerro Tatamá) located within its distribution, however, several smaller nature protectorates (Quinchia, Santa Emilia, Farallones de Citara) are situated across this area. The species has also been collected for conservation by Gustavo Morales, and is cultivated both locally (Jardín Botanico de Bogota - JBB) and in private collections across Europe and the United States. Additional specimens examined (paratypes): — COLOMBIA. Caldas: “Canaan” South of Salento, 1500 m, 31 July 1922, F.W. Pennell 9064 (PH, US); Risaralda: Mistrató, Verede río Arriba, 1700 m, 27 April 1992, C. Lozano 445355 (COL); Risaralda: Mistrató, Verede río Arriba, 1700 m, 27 April 1992, C. Lozano 445357 (COL); Risaralda: Municipio de Sta. Rosa, Alrededores del Hotel Termales, Declive a la izquierda de la quebrada del hotel, Cordillera Central, vertiente occidental, 1640 m, 22 July 1980, J.M. Idrobo, A.M. Cleef, J.O. Rangel Churio, S. Salamanca Villagas 9814 (NL); Valle del Cauca: Hoya del rio Cali, vertiente derecha Los Carpatos, 2000 m, 3 March 1944, J. Cuatrecasas 18510 (US); Valle del Cauca: 4 km NW of San Antonio, 1981 m, 3 July 1958, V. D. Miller & B. D. Miller 42 (US); Valle del Cauca: Chanco, orilla rio Calima, 1600 m, 19 November 1989, D.A. Wilson, F. Prado 2527 (US); Valle del Cauca: La Cumbre, 1800 m, 14 May 1922, E.P. Killip 5555 (GH, NY, US); Valle del Cauca: La Cumbre, 1600 m, 14 May 1922, E.P. Killip 5682 (GH, MA, PH, NY, US). CULTIVATED. English National Passiflora Collection, material from Embalse de Calima in Valle de Cauca, 2016, R. J. R. Vanderplank 2466/20 (NCP); R. J. R. Vanderplank 2465/20 (NCP).Published as part of Kuethe, J. R. & Vanderplank, John, 2022, Passiflora mistratensis, a new species of Passiflora (Passifloraceae) from Colombia, commonly known from European cultivation, pp. 159-165 in Phytotaxa 552 (2) on pages 160-163, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.552.2.3, http://zenodo.org/record/669095
Diffusive author(s), cohesive author: Analysis of S/N (1994)
No full textThis study indicates the ways in which various aspects of the author(s) are brought forth in Dumb type’s performance art, the S/N production. Previous research has suggested a non-hierarchical organization of Dumb type and the absence of a “privileged author” in Dumb type’s collaborative work, S/N. However, the results that I have investigated from member’s interviews on the creative process of S/N along with my analysis of the recorded images of S/N, indicate a different aspect of the author(s). First, S/N was created through, so to speak, the collective ideas of the members of Dumb type. Further, S/N has at least nine quotations from previous performances, installations, and printed writings, besides the work-in-progress technique. Explicating one of the “author functions” as given by Michel Foucault, each text has plural subjects of the author. However, it has been revealed from members’ interviews that Teiji Furuhashi had a decision-making role in selecting the members’ ideas within the performance. Since then, S/N has had plural subjects of creation; however, Furuhashi is one of the subjects of creation along with the “privileged author.” S/N has plural authors (diffusive authors) yet at the same time, it has a “privileged author,” Teiji Furuhashi (cohesive author)
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
No full textThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Contrasting patterns in leaf traits of Mediterranean shrub communities along an elevation gradient: measurements matter
No full textWe assessed the changes in community-weighted mean (CWM) and variability of specific leaf area (SLA) and leaf area (LA) of different Mediterranean shrub communities along an elevation gradient in the island of Sardinia (Italy). Furthermore, we explored the relative contribution of species turnover and intraspecific variation to shifts in CWM values along the gradient. Forty sampling units (5 × 5 m) were selected in a probabilistic way along a 1300 m elevation gradient which crossed four thermotypes (thermometric belts). Leaf traits were measured in each sampling unit. ANOVA and a trend test for monotonic changes in variance were used to assess, respectively, CWM differences and variability in both the leaf traits across thermotypes. Variance decomposition of CWM values was used to identify the role of inter- and intraspecific variation. SLA and LA responded differently along the studied gradient in terms of abundance-weighted mean values and variability: CWM of SLA showed the lowest values in the driest thermotype, while LA in the more humid one; SLA variability showed a significant increasing trend with increased water availability, while LA variability did not show any pattern. The contribution of intraspecific trait variation was significant for both the leaf traits, but higher for SLA, where negative covariation between inter- and intraspecific variation was detected. We highlight the importance of simultaneously considering measurements of both leaf traits to understand the functional response of communities in Mediterranean environments. Moreover, neglecting intraspecific variation in leaf traits, even along steep gradients with relevant species compositional changes, can result in the underestimation of the amount of trait variation in response to environmental changes
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
No full textWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
Author's address:
No full textCan archives of audiovisual TV interviews be used to make authors more visible to students, and thereby reduce the learning gap between native and non-native language speakers in college classes? We examined students in a college course who learned about one scholar's ideas through watching an audiovisual TV interview (i.e., visible author format) and about another scholar's ideas through reading a formal text description (i.e., invisible author format). For the invisible author, native language speakers scored significantly higher than the non-native language speakers on a corresponding exam question (i.e., a cognitive measure), generated more words on the exam question (i.e., a motivational measure), and mentioned the author's name more often in answering the exam question (i.e., an affective measure). For the visible author, the groups did not differ on any of these measures. These findings provide evidence for the idea that making the author visible through audiovisual TV interviews can eliminate the learning gap between native and non-native language speakers. 3 Universities around the world serve students who are non-native speakers of th
The vanishing author in computer-generated works: a critical analysis of recent Australian case law
No full textAbstract
The use of software is ubiquitous in the creation of many copyright works, yet the requirement in copyright law that every work have a human author who engages in independent intellectual effort means that its use may prevent copyright subsistence. Several recent Australian cases have refocused attention on authorship as an essential criterion of copyright subsistence, and these cases suggest that much computer-produced output may be authorless and thus lack copyright protection. This article, the first in a two-part series, analyses how each case deals with the question of authorship of computer-produced works and why the use of software diminishes copyright protection for a significant number of computer-generated works. The article critiques the application of conventional notions of human authorship developed in the pre-computer age to modern productions and suggests alternative approaches to authorship that satisfy both the major objectives of copyright policy and the need to adapt to the computer age. The article argues that, without a broader judicial approach to authorship of computer-generated works, Parliament must remedy the lacuna in protection for these ‘authorless’ works. Possible solutions for reform are suggested. In a forthcoming article, the author comprehensively examines those reform proposals
The construction of Karen Karnak: The multi-author-function
No full textThis thesis is situated within the comparatively recent developments of Web 2.0 and the emergence of interactive WikiMedia, and explores the mode of authorship within a Read/Write culture compared to that of a Read/Only tradition. The hypothesis of this study is that the role of the audience has become merged with the author, and as such, represents new functions and attributes, distinct from a more conventional concept of authorship, in which the roles of audience and author are more separate. Read/Write and participatory culture, as defined by this study, is focused on collaboration, and includes the influences of D.I.Y. culture, Open-Source practices and the production of text by multiple authors. Multi-authorship presents a re-thinking of several concepts which support the notion of the individual author, since the focus of multi-authorship is not on attribution and ownership of a finished text, but on the continued malleability of a text. Modes of multi-authorship, demonstrated in the use of the pseudonyms Alan Smithee and Karen Eliot, represent declarative authors whose names signify multiple origins, whilst concurrently indicating a distinct body of work. The function of these names form an important context to this study, since primary research involves the construction of an experimental mode of multi-authorship utilising WikiMedia technology and the interaction of thirty nine participants, who are invited to create a body of work under the collective pseudonym Karen Karnak. The data generated by this experiment is analysed using aspects of Michel Foucault's author-function to identify and determine power structures inherent in the WikiMedia context. The interplay of power structures, including concepts such as identity, ownership and the body of work, affect the resulting mode of authorship and contribute to the construction of Karen Karnak, suggesting further areas of research into the emerging multi-author
An Author´s Existence
No full textThis bachelor´s thesis represents a sort of personal looking back vhich goes in two parallel lines - looking for oneself in artistic circles and looking for one own creative approach to the life and pedagogy. The work is divided into three parts. First part maps the author´s (not only) family background, in the second part the author leads us through a period of searching and trying to understand oneself through studying artistic and psychosomatic disciplines and the third integrating part concentrates on the present moment as a point of departure for work with the voice and voice pedagogy
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