11 research outputs found

    <i>Karkata</i>, a new genus of gecarcinucid freshwater crab with two new species, and four new species of <i>Pilarta</i> Bahir and Yeo, 2007 and <i>Cylindrotelphusa</i> Alcock, 1909 (Decapoda: Brachyura) from Kerala, India

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    Figure 1. Map of collection sites of new taxa of freshwater crabs from Kerala, India.Published as part of Pati, S. K., Rajesh, L., Raj, Smrithy, Sheeja, V. U., Kumar, A. Biju & Sureshan, P. M., 2017, Karkata, a new genus of gecarcinucid freshwater crab with two new species, and four new species of Pilarta Bahir and Yeo, 2007 and Cylindrotelphusa Alcock, 1909 (Decapoda: Brachyura) from Kerala, India, pp. 1295-1330 in Journal of Natural History (J. Nat. Hist.) 51 (23-24) on page 1296, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2017.1324054, http://zenodo.org/record/518184

    Cylindrotelphusa Alcock 1909

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    &lt;i&gt;Cylindrotelphusa&lt;/i&gt; Alcock, 1909 &lt;p&gt; &lt;i&gt;Cylindrotelphusa&lt;/i&gt; Alcock 1909: 380, 1910a: 259, 1910b: 124; Colosi 1920: 11; Chace 1942:&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt; 226; Bott 1969: 360, 1970: 28; Bahir and Yeo 2007: 314; Ng et al. 2008: 67 &lt;i&gt;Cylindrotelphusa &ndash;&lt;/i&gt; Balss 1957: 1645&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt; &lt;i&gt;Type species&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt; &lt;i&gt;Gecarcinucus&lt;/i&gt; (&lt;i&gt;Cylindrotelphusa&lt;/i&gt;) &lt;i&gt;steniops&lt;/i&gt; Alcock, 1909, by original designation.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt; &lt;i&gt;Diagnosis (revised from Bahir and Yeo 2007)&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;Carapace slightly broader than long (cw/cl = ca. 1.2&ndash;1.3), deep (ch/cl = ca. 0.7&ndash;0.9); dorsal surface strongly convex; anterolateral margin distinctly serrated; frontal margin narrow (fw/cw = ca. 0.25); postorbital cristae indistinct or well developed; external orbital angle low, indistinct or triangular, distinct, outer margin same length as inner margin; epibranchial tooth indistinct or very small, blunt; postorbital region gently to strongly concave; branchial regions highly inflated; mesogastric groove long, bifurcated posteriorly; H-shaped groove visible; frontal median triangle with dorsal margin only; epistome posterior margin with prominent, triangular median lobe (Figures 11 (a,b) and 13(a,b); see Pillai 1951, fig. 3; Bahir and Yeo 2007, fig. 5(a,b)). Suture between male thoracic sternites s2/s3 visible as shallow depression, suture between sternites s3/s4 visible as shallow or deep, broad groove, reaching lateral margins or only visible as lateral grooves (Figures 11 (c,g) and 13(c,g); see Bahir and Yeo 2007, fig. 5(c)). Male abdomen narrowly triangular; fifth abdominal somite distinctly broader than long; sixth abdominal somite broader than long; telson narrowly triangular, with distinctly concave lateral margins (Figures 11 (c,h) and 13(c,h); see Bahir and Yeo 2007, fig. 5(c)). Third maxilliped exopod with well developed flagellum (Figures 11 (i) and 13(i)). G1 long, slender or stout; terminal segment nearly straight or distinctly curved, short or very long, ca. 0.4&ndash;0.6 times length of subterminal segment (Figures 12 (a&ndash;c) and 14(a&ndash;c); see Bahir and Yeo 2007, fig. 4(a&ndash;c)). G2 short, with short distal segment, ca. 0.2&ndash;0.3 times length of basal segment (Figures 12 (d) and 14(d); see Bahir and Yeo 2007, fig. 4(d)).&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt; &lt;i&gt;Remarks&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt; &lt;i&gt;Cylindrotelphusa&lt;/i&gt; can be differentiated from other Indian gecarcinucids by the following suite of carapace and gonopod characters: carapace highly arched with a narrow front; anterolateral margin with distinct serrations; external orbital angle either low or triangular, with a very short outer margin, same length as the inner margin; frontal median triangle with dorsal margin only; third maxilliped exopod with a well developed flagellum; G2 distal segment short, ca. 0.2&ndash;0.3 times the length of the basal segment (Figures 11 (a,b,i), 12(d), 13(a,b,i) and 14(d); see Pillai 1951, fig. 3; Bahir and Yeo 2007, figs 4(d) and 5(a,b)).&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt; Until the present work, &lt;i&gt;Cylindrotelphusa&lt;/i&gt; was considered to be monotypic (Bahir and Yeo 2007; Ng et al. 2008). This is now not the case because two more species, &lt;i&gt;C. breviphallus&lt;/i&gt; sp. nov. and &lt;i&gt;C. longiphallus&lt;/i&gt; sp. nov., are described here. Formerly, Pillai (1951) had described a variety of &lt;i&gt;Cylindrotelphusa&lt;/i&gt; as &lt;i&gt;Gecarcinucus&lt;/i&gt; (&lt;i&gt;Cylindrotelphusa&lt;/i&gt;) &lt;i&gt;steniops&lt;/i&gt; var. &lt;i&gt;granulata&lt;/i&gt; from North Paravur (= Parur in north Travancore) of Ernakulam district, Kerala. The first author (SKP) has tried without success to locate the types, supposedly deposited in two depositories: the Zoological Survey of India, Kolkata, and the University of Kerala (previously University of Travancore), Thiruvananthapuram. One of the present authors (VUS) tried to collect these crabs from the type locality, but without success because most of the habitat of this species (low-lying paddy fields) has now been converted into aquaculture ponds. The species might be extirpated from this area, and its extinction risk status is unclear.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt; The variety described by Pillai (1951) is regarded here as a valid species of &lt;i&gt;Cylindrotelphusa&lt;/i&gt; because it possesses distinct features of the carapace, including a significant suite of characters: carapace deep (ch/cl = 0.8); anterolateral margin with distinct serrations; frontal margin narrow (fw/cw = 0.25), finely granular, nearly straight; epigastric cristae almost indistinct; postorbital cristae indistinct; external orbital angle low, indistinct; epibranchial tooth indistinct; cervical grooves extending beyond postorbital cristae up to external orbital angle; sixth male abdominal somite with straight lateral margins; male telson as long as broad; third maxilliped exopod with well developed flagellum. Therefore, &lt;i&gt;Cylindrotelphusa granulata&lt;/i&gt; (Pillai, 1951) comb. et stat. nov. is here recognised as a distinct species.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt; Currently, four species of &lt;i&gt;Cylindrotelphusa&lt;/i&gt; are known: &lt;i&gt;C. breviphallus&lt;/i&gt; sp. nov., &lt;i&gt;C. granulata&lt;/i&gt; (Pillai, 1951), &lt;i&gt;C. longiphallus&lt;/i&gt; sp. nov., and &lt;i&gt;C. steniops&lt;/i&gt; (Alcock, 1909).&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt; &lt;i&gt;Ecological notes&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt; &lt;i&gt;Cylindrotelphusa&lt;/i&gt; occupies a wide array of habitats from low-lying paddy fields to hill streams. Generally, these crabs live in deep and interconnecting burrows adjacent to water bodies.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt; &lt;i&gt;Geographic distribution&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt; &lt;i&gt;Cylindrotelphusa&lt;/i&gt; is endemic to the southern Indian states of Kerala and Tamil Nadu. The genus is distributed in Ernakulam, Kollam, Kozhikode, Idukki, Thiruvananthapuram and Thrissur districts of Kerala, and Nilgiris district of Tamil Nadu (Alcock 1910b; Pillai 1951; Bott 1970; Bahir and Yeo 2007; Pati et al. 2014). It is also reported from few localities of the Western Ghats (Bahir and Yeo 2007).&lt;/p&gt;Published as part of &lt;i&gt;Pati, S. K., Rajesh, L., Raj, Smrithy, Sheeja, V. U., Kumar, A. Biju &amp; Sureshan, P. M., 2017, Karkata, a new genus of gecarcinucid freshwater crab with two new species, and four new species of Pilarta Bahir and Yeo, 2007 and Cylindrotelphusa Alcock, 1909 (Decapoda: Brachyura) from Kerala, India, pp. 1295-1330 in Journal of Natural History (J. Nat. Hist.) (J. Nat. Hist.) 51 (23 - 24)&lt;/i&gt; on pages 1317-1322, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2017.1324054, &lt;a href="http://zenodo.org/record/5181848"&gt;http://zenodo.org/record/5181848&lt;/a&gt

    ORNAMENTAL AQUATIC AND SEMI- AQUATIC PLANTS IN COIMBATORE DISTRICT

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    ABSTRACT The present study highlights the ornamental potential of aquatic and semi aquatic plant species collected from Coimbatore District, Tamil Nadu. A total of 67 plant species belonging to 36 families distributed in 56 genera have been documented. From phytodiversity point of view, many aquatic and semi aquatic plants still remain unexplored REFERENCES Abdullah M. B., Sanusi S. S., Abdul S. D., Sawa F. B. J. (2009). An assessment of the herbaceous species vegetation of Yankari Game Reserve, Bauchi, Nigeria. Am. Eur. J. Agric. Environ. Sci. 6 (1): 20-25. Agharkar, S. P. 1923. The present position of our knowledge of the aquatic flora of India. J. Ind. Bot. Soc. 3: 252-260. Arora, J. S. 1993. Introductory ornamental horticulture. K Publishers, Ludhana. Bhadri, B. B., Singh, B. and Desai, B. L. 1962. Water Plants. New Delhi. Binu Thomas, Rajendran, A., Chandrashekara, U. M. and Sivalingam, R. 2011. Diversity of wild ornamental potential plants in Mannavan shola forest of Southern Western Ghats, Kerala, India. Int. J. Biol. and Tech. (Spl. Issue) 2: 8-14. Biswas, K. and C. C. Calder 1936. Handbook of common Water and Marsh Plants of India and Burma. New Delhi. Burlakoti, C. and Karmacharya, S. B. 2004. Qualitative analysis of macrophytes of Beeshazar Tal, Chitwan, Nepal. Himal. J. Sci. 2 (3): 37-41. Cook, C. D. K. 1996. Aquatic and wetland plants of India. Oxford University Press, Oxford USA. Deb, D. B. 1976. A study on the aquatic vascular plants of India. Bull. Bot. Soc. Bengal.29: 155-170. Dhoti, S. and Dixit, S. 2007. Water quality improvement through Macrophytes: A casestudy. Asian J. Experim. Sci. 21 (2): 427-430. Gamble, J. S. and Fischer, C. E. C. 1915-1936. Flora of the Presidency of Madras. Part 1-11 (Part 1-7 by Gamble and 8-11 by Fischer) Adlard and Sons Ltd., London. (repr. ed.) Vols. 1-3. 1957. Harris, R. W. 1992. Arboriculture. 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Some psychological benefits of gardening. Environ. Behavior. 13: 507-542. Kaplan, R. and Kaplan, S. 1989. The experience of nature. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge. Kapoor, S. L. and Sharga, A. N. 1993. House plants. Vatika Prakashnan, India. Lohr, V. and Relf, D. 1993. Human issues in horticulture: Research priorities. Horticul. Tech. 3(1): 106-107. Manhas, R. K., Gautam, M. K. and Kumari, D. 2009. Plant diversity of fresh water swamp of Doon Valley, India. J. Amer. Sci. 5 (1): 1-7. Matthew, K. M. 1983. The Flora of Tamil Nadu Carnatic Vols. 3(1-3). St. Joseph’s College, Tiruchirapalli. Mayers, N. 1988. Threatened biotas: Hotspots in tropical forests. Environment 8: 187-208. Mishra, S. and Narain, S. 2010. Floristic and ecological studies of Bakhira Wetland, UttarPradesh, India. Ind. Forest. Niroula, B. and Singh, K. L. B. 2010. Contribution to aquatic macrophytes of Biratnagar and adjoining areas, Eastern Nepal. Ecoprint 17: 23-24. Radha, V., Rekha, T., Berjini, P. B., Jeba Juliet Joy, D. and Sheeja, B. D. 2010. Vegetation composition of derelict ponds in sub-urbs of Nagercoil-Kanyakumari district of Tamilnadu, India. In: Proceedings of the National Seminar on Conservation and Management of Wetlands in an Era of Climatic Change; Organized by Department of Botany, N. M. Christian College, Marthandam, Kanyakumari, Tamilnadu, India. Rasingam, L. 2010. Aquatic and wetland plants of Little Andaman Island, India. In: Proceedings of the National Seminar on Conservation and Management of Wetlands in an Era of Climatic Change; Organized by Department of Botany, N. M. Christian College, Marthandam, Kanyakumari, Tamil Nadu, India. Rekha, T., Radha, V., Berjini, P. B., Jeba Juliet Joy, D. and Sheeja, B. D. 2010. Hydrophyte diversity of Kanyankulam wetlands ecosystem of Kanyakumari district, Tamilnadu, India. In: Proceedings of the National Seminar on Conservation and Management of Wetlands in an Era of Climatic Change; Organized by Department of Botany, N. 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Wilhm, J. L. and Dorris T. C. (1968). Biosciences, 18, 477

    Optimization of DNA isolation and PCR parameters in Myristica sp. and related gen- era for RAPD and ISSR analysis.

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    An efficient protocol for isolation of DNA from wild and related genera of Myristica rich inpolysaccharides and polyphenols was developed. The protocol utilizes CTAB (3%), 1.5% PVPand 0.3% ß-mercaptoethanol for isolation and RNase and phenol chloroform extraction forpurification. The yield of DNA ranged from 25-175 µg/g of fresh leaf tissue, with Knemaandamanica giving the highest yield. The present method yielded 10 times higher than theold methods. Characteristic patterns were generated on digestion of DNA by EcorI and HindIII restriction enzymes. PCR parameters were optimized using random primers (OPERONTechnology, USA). DNA concentration at 20 ng/reaction, annealing temperature of 45°C, 0.3mM dNTP in presence of 0.5 U of Taq DNA polymerase, and 2.0 mM MgCl2&nbsp;and MJ ResearchGene Thermocycler was best. Successful amplification by ISSR and RAPD primers indicatedthat DNA is of good quality and free of polysaccharides and polyphenols. &nbsp

    Optimization of DNA isolation and PCR parameters in Myristica sp. and related gen- era for RAPD and ISSR analysis.

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    An efficient protocol for isolation of DNA from wild and related genera of Myristica rich inpolysaccharides and polyphenols was developed. The protocol utilizes CTAB (3%), 1.5% PVPand 0.3% ß-mercaptoethanol for isolation and RNase and phenol chloroform extraction forpurification. The yield of DNA ranged from 25-175 µg/g of fresh leaf tissue, with Knemaandamanica giving the highest yield. The present method yielded 10 times higher than theold methods. Characteristic patterns were generated on digestion of DNA by EcorI and HindIII restriction enzymes. PCR parameters were optimized using random primers (OPERONTechnology, USA). DNA concentration at 20 ng/reaction, annealing temperature of 45°C, 0.3mM dNTP in presence of 0.5 U of Taq DNA polymerase, and 2.0 mM MgCl2&nbsp;and MJ ResearchGene Thermocycler was best. Successful amplification by ISSR and RAPD primers indicatedthat DNA is of good quality and free of polysaccharides and polyphenols. &nbsp

    Investigação fitoquímica das partes aéreas de Passiflora alata Curtis

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    Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Farmácia, Florianópolis, 2011O gênero Passiflora (Passifloraceae) possui cerca de 630 espécies, constituindo o maior gênero da família, ocorrendo principalmente nas Américas. As espécies desse gênero são amplamente utilizadas na medicina tradicional, sendo relatados usos como ansiolíticos, antiespasmódico, antiinflamatório e sedativo. Especificamente P. alata, espécie central do presente trabalho, apresenta como principais metabólitos secundários relatados para as folhas flavonóides e saponinas, entre as atividades descritas as que possuem mais publicações são as sobre o SNC. No entanto, assim como para outras espécies, não existe um consenso sobre quais compostos ou classes de compostos são responsáveis por determinada atividade. Nas folhas de P. alata foi identificado por CLAE isoorientina, orientina, isovitexina e vitexina-2"-O-ramnosideo sendo esse último o composto majoritário das folhas. As partes aéreas também foram avaliadas por CCD e CLAE, apresentando perfil distinto sendo o pericarpo, das partes avaliadas, o mais rico em variedade de compostos flavonoídicos, mas em concentrações inferiores. Pode-se observar também que o flavonóide majoritário das folhas (vitexina-2"-O-ramnosideo) não é o composto majoritário detectado nas outras partes investigadas. Foi mensurado o teor de compostos fenólicos nas diferentes partes aéreas de P. alata, e as sementes apresentaram o maior teor desses compostos (3,93 g EAG /100 g de extrato) tornando-a promissora para análises químicas e biológicas futuras. A vitexina-2"-O-ramnosideo, flavonóide majoritário das folhas de P. alata, foi isolado do pericarpo de P. alata, fato ainda não descrito na literatura para essa parte da espécie. Das folhas de P. alata foi isolado uma saponina. A influência de diferentes métodos de extração das folhas e secagem dos extratos de P. alata demonstram que os métodos de extração e secagem mais eficientes para se obter um extrato com maior teor de vitexina-2"- O-ramnosideo são respectivamente infusão e liofilização.The genus Passiflora (Passifloraceae) has about 630 species, making it the largest genus in the family, occurring mainly in the Americas. The species of this genus are widely used in traditional medicine, with uses being reported as anxiolytic, antispasmodic, anti-inflammatory and sedative. Specifically for P. alata, the central specie of this work, the main secondary metabolites reported for leaves are flavonoids and saponins, among the activities described in the literarture activities are on the CNS. However, as for other species, there is no consensus about which compounds or classes of compounds are responsible for certain activities. In leaves of P. alata was identified by HPLC isoorientina, orientin, isovitexin and hitexin-2"-O-rhamnoside the latter being the major compound leaves. The aerial parts were evaluated by TLC and HPLC, and showed a distinct profile. The pericarp, the parties evaluated the richest in variety of flavonoid compounds, but in lower concentrations. What can also be observed is the major flavonoid from leaves (vitexin-2"-Orhamnoside) is the major compound detected in other parts investigated. The concentration of phenolic compounds was measured in the different aerial parts of P. alata, the seeds showed the highest content of these compounds (3.93 g EAG / 100 g of extract), making it promising for future chemical and biological analyses. The vitexin-2"-O-rhamnoside, major flavonoid from leaves of P. alata, was isolated from the pericarp of P. alata, which was not described in the literature for this part of the species. From the leaves of P. alata was isolated a saponin. The influence of different methods extraction and drying of leaves extracts of P. alata showed which the methods of extraction and drying more efficient to obtain an extract with a higher content of vitexin-2"-O-rhamnoside are respectively infusion and lyophilization

    Estudo químico de espécies brasileiras e colombianas do gênero Passiflora

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    Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Farmácia, Florianópolis, 2013.O gênero Passiflora é o mais importante da família Passifloraceae e suas espécies são conhecidas popularmente no Brasil como 'maracujás'. As folhas de várias espécies de Passiflora são usadas sob a forma de chá, como calmante e suave indutor do sono. O fruto de algumas espécies, além do uso terapêutico popular, é amplamente utilizado pela indústria alimentícia para fabricações de sucos e derivados. Além das espécies de ocorrência no Brasil, a Colômbia também representa o centro de dispersão de muitas espécies de Passiflora, das quais algumas também apresentam elevada importância econômica, etnofarmacológica e terapêutica. Contudo, apesar do grande número de espécies de Passiflora na América Latina, muitas ainda carecem de estudos a respeito de seus constituintes químicos. O presente trabalho teve como objetivo principal investigar a composição química de extratos aquosos das folhas de algumas espécies de Passiflora de ocorrência no Brasil (P. alata) e outras de ocorrência predominante na Colômbia (P. quadrangularis, P. bogotensis, P. tripartita var. mollissima). Foram realizadas análises qualitativas por técnicas cromatográficas (Cromatografia Camada Delgada, Cromatografia Líquida de Alta Eficiência, Cromatografia Líquida de Ultra Eficiência) e eletroforéticas (Eletroforese Capilar) dos perfis de flavonoides, saponinas, alcaloides e aminoácidos nos extratos aquosos das espécies de Passiflora supracitadas. Foi observada a presença de flavonoides e aminoácidos nos extratos das quatro espécies analisadas, com destaque para a grande diversidade de flavonoides glicosilados visualizados para P. tripartita var. mollissima. Saponinas foram observadas somente nos extratos aquosos das espécies P. alata e P. quadrangularis enquanto que a presença de alcaloides do tipo harmano não foi detectada nos extratos aquosos de nenhum das quatro espécies em concentrações superiores a 0,0187 ppm. Também foi utilizada a técnica de Cromatografia Contracorrente de Alta Velocidade em modo de eluição em gradiente para o isolamento de flavonoides glicosilados a partir dos extratos aquosos das folhas de P. quadrangularis e P. bogotensis. Da primeira espécie, foram isolados quatro flavonoides C-glicosídeos, identificados por técnicas espectroscópicas e espectrofotométricas como 2?-O-xilosil-vitexina, 2?-O-glicosil-vitexina, 2?-O-xilosil-orientina e 2?-O-glicosil-orientina. Da segunda espécie, foram isoladas e elucidadas seis flavonoides C-glicosídeos, dois deles ainda não descritos na literatura: 6-C-a-L-ramnopiranosil-(1?2)-(6?-acetil)-ß-D-glicopiranosil-apigenina e 6-C-a-L-ramnopiranosil-(1?2)-(6?-acetil)-ß-D-glicopiranosil-luteolina, além de isovitexina, isoorientina, 2?-O-ramnosil-isovitexina e 2?-O-ramnosil-isoorientina. Por técnicas cromatográficas diversas, foram isoladas três saponinas do extrato aquoso das folhas de P. quadrangularis, para as quais suas estruturas foram elucidadas por técnicas espectroscópicas como 3-O-ß-D-glicopiranosil-9,19-ciclolanost-24Z-en-1a,3ß,21,26-tetraol e 3-O-ß-D-glicopiranosil-9,19-ciclolanost-24Z-en-1ß,3ß,21,26-tetraol, saponinas ainda não descritas na literatura, além do 3-O-ß-D-glicopiranosil-(1?2)-ß-D-glicopiranosídeo do ácido oleanólico. Adicionalmente, uma análise comparativa entre as espécies P. alata e P. quadrangularis, as quais apresentam grande similaridade morfológica, indicou que os flavonoides C-glicosídeos majoritários dos extratos aquosos das folhas de cada espécie (2?-O-ramnosil-vitexina para P. alata e 2?-O-xilosil-vitexina para P. quadrangularis) podem ser utilizados como marcadores químicos na diferenciação dessas duas espécies. <br

    A Bootstrapped Neural Network Model Applied To Prediction Of The Biodegradation Rate Of Reactive Black 5 Dye [um Modelo De Rede Neural Bootstrap Aplicado Na Predição Da Taxa De Biodegradação Do Corante Reactive Black 5]

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    Current essay forwards a biodegradation model of a dye, used in the textile industry, based on a neural network propped by bootstrap remodeling. Bootstrapped neural network is set to generate estimates that are close to results obtained in an intrinsic experience in which a chemical process is applied. Pseudomonas oleovorans was used in the biodegradation of reactive Black 5. Results show a brief comparison between the information estimated by the proposed approach and the experimental data, with a coefficient of correlation between real and predicted values for a more than 0.99 biodegradation rate. Dye concentration and the solution's pH failed to interfere in biodegradation index rates. A value above 90% of dye biodegradation was achieved between 1.000 and 1.841 mL 10 mL-1 of microorganism concentration and between 1.000 and 2.000 g 100 mL-1 of glucose concentration within the experimental conditions under analysis.353565572Akhtar, S., Khan, A.A., Husain, Q., Potential of immobilized bitter gourd (Momordica charantia) peroxidases in the decolorization and removal of textile dyes from polluted wastewater and dyeing effluent (2005) Chemosphere, 60 (3), pp. 291-301Aleboyeh, A., Kasiri, M.B., Olya, M.E., Aleboyeh, H., Prediction of azo dye decolorization by UV/H2O2 using artificial neural networks (2008) Dyes and Pigments, 77 (2), pp. 288-294(1995) Standard methods for the examination of water and wastewater, , APHA-American Public Health Association. 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    Contributions of synaptic filters to models of synaptically stored memory

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    The question of how neural systems encode memories in one-shot without immediately disrupting previously stored information has puzzled theoretical neuroscientists for years and it is the central topic of this thesis. Previous attempts on this topic, have proposed that synapses probabilistically update in response to plasticity inducing stimuli to effectively delay the degradation of old memories in the face of ongoing memory storage. Indeed, experiments have shown that synapses do not immediately respond to plasticity inducing stimuli, since these must be presented many times before synaptic plasticity is expressed. Such a delay could be due to the stochastic nature of synaptic plasticity or perhaps because induction signals are integrated before overt strength changes occur.The later approach has been previously applied to control fluctuations in neural development by low-pass filtering induction signals before plasticity is expressed. In this thesis we consider memory dynamics in a mathematical model with synapses that integrate plasticity induction signals to a threshold before expressing plasticity. We report novel recall dynamics and considerable improvements in memory lifetimes against a prominent model of synaptically stored memory. With integrating synapses the memory trace initially rises before reaching a maximum and then falls. The memory signal dissociates into separate oblivescence and reminiscence components, with reminiscence initially dominating recall. Furthermore, we find that integrating synapses possess natural timescales that can be used to consider the transition to late-phase plasticity under spaced repetition patterns known to lead to optimal storage conditions. We find that threshold crossing statistics differentiate between massed and spaced memory repetition patterns. However, isolated integrative synapses obtain an insufficient statistical sample to detect the stimulation pattern within a few memory repetitions. We extend the model to consider the cooperation of well-known intracellular signalling pathways in detecting storage conditions by utilizing the profile of postsynaptic depolarization. We find that neuron wide signalling and local synaptic signals can be combined to detect optimal storage conditions that lead to stable forms of plasticity in a synapse specific manner.These models can be further extended to consider heterosynaptic and neuromodulatory interactions for late-phase plasticity

    Películas de DLC producidas por pecvd utilizando intercapas de Tix-Siy, AlxTiy y WX-Tiy, sobre sustratos de aceros AISI 316-L, AISI H13 y aleaciones de Ti6Al4V, depositadas por sputtering con magnetrón

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    In this research, it was possible to sinter by the rf plasma erosion technique, individual films of TiSi, TiAl and TiW on AISI H13, AISI 316l and Ti6Al4V alloy substrates, with thicknesses of 100 nm, 200 nm and 300 nm, with in order to determine its influence on adhesion on diamond like carbon coatings “DLC” (a-C:H). The DLC coatings were sintered by the chemical vapor phase “CVD” deposition technique with pulsed D.C source using a novel configuration which is to use the active screen, using three precursor gases: methane, acetylene and hexane. In order to determine if any of these had greater adherence. The TiSi, TiAl and TiW films, their morphology was characterized by scanning electron microscopy and their chemical composition by X-ray energy dispersion spectrometry, as its crystalline structure by X-ray diffraction in grazing mode, the energies were determined of bond between substrates and different coatings by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy “XPS”. The morphology of DLC were characterized by Raman spectroscopy and their hardness was determined by the nanohardness test. Adhesion was measured by the scratch test increasing the load until reaching the critical load Lc and by the indentation test under the VDI 3198 standard. The diffractograms showed that the TiSi and TiAl films did not show any characteristic peak, therefore, cannot be determined if the interlayer grew amorphous or crystalline. The adhesion results showed that the methane-grown hydrogenated amorphous carbon films presented a critical load of 10 N, therefore, the growth of the hydrogenated amorphous carbon films was modified using another interlayer of (a-Si:H) on the TiSi, TiAl and TiW coatings to have the substrate/TiSi/a-Si:H/DLC and substrate/TiAl/a-Si:H/DLC configuration, increasing its critical load to 25 N, the hardness of the DLC film was of 25.3 GPa and a modulus of elasticity of 199 GPa. Finally, the corrosion resistance was increased in the substrate /TiAl/a-Si:H/DLC coatings.En esta investigación se consiguió sinterizar por la técnica de erosión por plasma r.f, películas individuales de TiSi, TiAl y TiW sobre sustratos de acero AISI H13, AISI 316l y aleaciones de Ti6Al4V, con espesores de 100 nm, 200 nm y 300 nm, con el fin de determinar su influencia en la adherencia en los recubrimientos de carbono amorfo hidrogenado (a-C:H). Los recubrimientos de carbono amorfo hidrogenado se sinterizaron por la técnica deposición química en fase vapor con fuente D.C pulsada utilizando una novedosa configuración la cual es usar la pantalla activa, usando tres gases precursores: metano, acetileno y hexano, con el fin de determinar con cuales condiciones los recubrimientos presentaba mayor adherencia. En las películas de TiSi, TiAl y TiW, se caracterizó su morfología por microscopía electrónica de barrido y su composición química por espectrometría de dispersión de energía de rayos X, así como su estructura cristalina por difracción de rayos X en modo haz rasante. Además, se determinó las energías de enlace entre los sustratos y los diferentes recubrimientos por espectroscopía de fotoelectrones de rayos X (XPS). La morfología de las películas de carbono amorfo hidrogenado se caracterizó por espectroscopía Raman y se determinó su dureza por el ensayo de nanoindentación. La adherencia se midió por el ensayo de rayado aumentando la carga hasta llegar a la carga crítica Lc y por el ensayo de indentación bajo la norma VDI 3198. Los difractogramas mostraron que las películas de TiSi y TiAl no presentan ningún pico característico, por lo tanto, no se pudo determinar si las películas crecieron amorfas o cristalinas. Los resultados de adherencia mostraron que las películas de carbono amorfo hidrogenado crecidos sobre las intercapas con el gas metano presentaron una carga crítica de aproximadamente 10 N. Por tal motivo, se procedió a modificar el crecimiento de los recubrimientos de carbono amorfo hidrogenado, usando una intercapa adicional de a-Si:H sobre las intercapas de TiSi, TiAl y TiW para tener la configuración sustrato/TiSi/a-Si:H/DLC y sustrato/TiAl/a-Si:H/DLC. Estas nuevas intercapas permitieron aumentar considerablemente la adherencia de los recubrimientos, obteniendo valores de carga crítica de hasta 25 N, mientras que la dureza del recubrimiento de DLC alcanzó 25,3 GPa y un módulo de elasticidad de 199 GPa. Por último, se aumentó la resistencia a la corrosión en los recubrimientos de sustrato/TiAl/a-Si:H/DLC.Línea de Investigación: Ciencia de Materiales y SuperficiesDoctorad
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