363 research outputs found
Can newscasts reduce prejudice?: television's potential impact upon the malleability of implicit attitudes
No full textElectronic Thesis or DissertationDespite a preponderance of evidence that news reports increase negative racial attitudes, some researchers have demonstrated that the print media can reduce such effects. Research has yet to examine television news can similarly reduce negative racial attitudes among viewers, even though television suffers from a worse reputation for encouraging such biases than does print. Building upon psychological research into the malleability of prejudice, the present research explores television's potential to affect viewer prejudice. Psychological research (e.g., Dasgupta and Greenwald, 2001; Wittenbrink, Judd, and Park, 2001) shows that targeted manipulations can both positively and negatively affect implicit prejudices. Media research (e.g. Power, Murphy, and Coover, 1996; Casas & Dixon, 2003; Ramasubramanian, 2005) demonstrates that print media can produce positive and negative effects upon stereotypes and prejudice, though such research remains somewhat contradictory. Capitalizing on psychology's differentiation between implicit and explicit attitudes, this study is the first specifically to explore the potential for television news to prime counter-prejudicial attitudes. Specifically, the study uses an Implicit Association Test (IAT) to measure television news' facility to serve as a prime to strengthen or weaken racial schema and impact racial attitudes. After recording base-level prejudice through the IAT, researchers showed national news segments featuring famous and infamous Whites and Blacks to 130 White participants. Each segment was chosen either for visual impact or for the potential emotional impact of its subject. Pairs of segments served as either stereotypical or counterstereotypical manipulations. Following presentation of the segments, researchers measured post-manipulation implicit prejudice using the IAT and recorded levels of explicit prejudice as responses to semantic differentials and feeling thermometers. Data did not support initial hypotheses concerning the segments' effects upon explicit and implicit prejudice, but the experiment did yield interesting results that should help future media researchers. This dissertation provides a guide for future media research designs utilizing the IAT, suggests that television may possess a positive capacity to curb pro-White biases in society, and implies that television's propensity to increase anti-Black attitudes may be more limited than previous media research studies seem to suggest
Transverse single spin asymmetries of forward neutrons in p+p , p+Al , and p+Au collisions at \sqrt{s_{NN } }=200 GeV as a function of transverse and longitudinal momenta
No full textIn 2015 the PHENIX collaboration at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider recorded +, +Al, and +Au collision data at center of mass energies of √=200 GeV with the proton beam(s) transversely polarized. At very forward rapidities >6.8 relative to the polarized proton beam, neutrons were detected either inclusively or in (anti)correlation with detector activity related to hard collisions. The resulting single spin asymmetries, that were previously reported, have now been extracted as a function of the transverse momentum of the neutron as well as its longitudinal momentum fraction . The explicit kinematic dependence, combined with the correlation information allows for a closer look at the interplay of different mechanisms suggested to describe these asymmetries, such as hadronic interactions or electromagnetic interactions in ultraperipheral collisions, UPC. Events that are correlated with a hard collision indeed display a mostly negative asymmetry that increases in magnitude as a function of transverse momentum with only little dependence on . In contrast, events that are not likely to have emerged from a hard collision display positive asymmetries for the nuclear collisions with a kinematic dependence that resembles that of a UPC based model. Because the UPC interaction depends strongly on the charge of the nucleus, those effects are very small for + collisions, moderate for +Al collisions, and large for +Au collisions.【The members of PHENIX Collaboration not shown at the author section】
U. A. Acharya, C. Aidala, Y. Akiba, M. Alfred, V. Andrieux, N. Apadula, H. Asano, B. Azmoun, V. Babintsev, N. S. Bandara, K. N. Barish, S. Bathe, A. Bazilevsky, M. Beaumier, R. Belmont, A. Berdnikov, Y. Berdnikov, L. Bichon, B. Blankenship, D. S. Blau, J. S. Bok, V. Borisov, M. L. Brooks, J. Bryslawskyj, V. Bumazhnov, S. Campbell, V. Canoa Roman, R. Cervantes, M. Chiu, C.Y. Chi, I.J. Choi, J.B. Choi, Citron, M. Connors, R. Corliss, N. Cronin, T. Csörgő, M. Csanád, T. W. Danley, M. S. Daugherity, G. David, K. DeBlasio, K. Dehmelt, A. Denisov, A. Deshpande, E. J. Desmond, A. Dion, D. Dixit, J. H. Do, A. Drees, K. A. Drees, J. M. Durham, A. Durum, H. En'yo, A. Enokizono, R. Esha, S. Esumi, B. Fadem, W. Fan, N. Feege, D.E. Fields, M. Finger, Jr., M. Finger, D. Fitzgerald, S. L. Fokin, J. E. Frantz, A. Franz, A. D. Frawley, Y. Fukuda, P. Gallus, C. Gal, P. Garg, H. Ge, M. Giles, F. Giordano, Y. Goto, N. Grau, S.V. Greene, M. Grosse Perdekamp, T. Gunji, H. Guragain, T. Hachiya, J. S. Haggerty, K. I. Hahn, H. Hamagaki, H.F. Hamilton, J. Hanks, S. Y. Han, M. Harvey, S. Hasegawa, T. O. S. Haseler, T. K. Hemmick, X. He, J.C. Hill, K. Hill,11 A. Hodges, R.S. Hollis, K. Homma, B. Hong, T. Hoshino, N. Hotvedt, J. Huang, K. Imai, M. Inaba, A. Iordanova, D. Isenhower, D. Ivanishchev, B. V. Jacak, M. Jezghani, X. Jiang, Z. Ji, B. M. Johnson , D. Jouan, D. S. Jumper, J. H. Kang, D. Kapukchyan, S. Karthas, D. Kawall, A. V. Kazantsev, V. Khachatryan, A. Khanzadeev, A. Khatiwada, C. Kim, E.-J. Kim, M. Kim, T. Kim, D. Kincses, A. Kingan, E. Kistenev, J. Klatsky, P. Kline, T. Koblesky, D. Kotov, L. Kovacs, Kudo, K. Kurita, Y. Kwon, J. G. Lajoie, D. Larionova, A. Lebedev, S. Lee, S. H. Lee, M.J. Leitch, Y. H. Leung, N.A. Lewis, S.H. Lim, M. X. Liu, X. Li, V.-R. Loggins, D.A. Loomis, K. Lovasz, Lynch, S. Lökös, T. Majoros, Y. I. Makdisi, M. Makek, V. I. Manko, E. Mannel, M. McCumber, P. L. McGaughey, D. McGlinchey, C. McKinney, M. Mendoza, A.C. Mignerey, A. Milov, D.K. Mishra, J. T. Mitchell, M. Mitrankova, Iu. Mitrankov, G. Mitsuka, S. Miyasaka, S. Mizuno, M. M. Mondal, P. Montuenga, T. Moon, D. P. Morrison, B. Mulilo, T. Murakami, J. Murata, K. Nagai, K. Nagashima, T. Nagashima, J. L. Nagle, M.I. Nagy, I. Nakagawa, K. Nakano, C. Nattrass, S. Nelson, T. Niida, R. Nouicer, T. Novák, N. Novitzky, G. Nukazuka, A. S. Nyanin, E. O’Brien, C. A. Ogilvie, J. D. Orjuela Koop, J. D. Osborn, A. Oskarsson, G. J. Ottino, K. Ozawa, V. Pantuev, V. Papavassiliou, J. S. Park, S. Park, M. Patel, S. F. Pate, W. Peng, D. V. Perepelitsa, G. D. N. Perera, D. Yu. Peressounko, C. E. PerezLara, J. Perry, R. Petti, M. Phipps, C. Pinkenburg, R. P. Pisani, M. Potekhin, A. Pun, M.L. Purschke, P. V. Radzevich, N. Ramasubramanian, K. F. Read, D. Reynolds, V. Riabov, Y. Riabov, D. Richford, T. Rinn, S. D. Rolnick, M. Rosati, Z. Rowan, J. Runchey, A. S. Safonov, T. Sakaguchi, H. Sako, V. Samsonov, M. Sarsour, S. Sato, B. Schaefer, B. K. Schmoll, K. Sedgwick, R. Seidl, A. Sen, R. Seto, A. Sexton, D. Sharma, I. Shein, T.-A. Shibata, K. Shigaki, M. Shimomura, T. Shioya, P. Shukla, A. Sickles, C. L. Silva, D. Silvermyr, B. K. Singh, C. P. Singh, V. Singh, M. Slunečka, K.L. Smith, M. Snowball, R.A. Soltz, W.E. Sondheim, S.P. Sorensen, I. V. Sourikova, P. W. Stankus, S. P. Stoll, T. Sugitate, A. Sukhanov, T. Sumita, J. Sun, Z. Sun, J. Sziklai, K. Tanida, M. J. Tannenbaum, S. Tarafdar, A. Taranenko, G. Tarnai, R. Tieulent, A. Timilsina, T. Todoroki, M. Tomášek, C. L. Towell, R.S. Towell, I. Tserruya, Y. Ueda, B. Ujvari, H. W. van Hecke, J. Velkovska, M. Virius, V. Vrba, N. Vukman, X. R. Wang, Y. S. Watanabe, C. P. Wong, C. L. Woody, L. Xue, C. Xu, Q. Xu, S. Yalcin, Y. L. Yamaguchi, H. Yamamoto, A. Yanovich, I. Yoon, J. H. Yoo, I.E. Yushmanov, H. Yu, W.A. Zajc, A. Zelenski, S. Zharko, and L. Zoujournal articl
A local defect resonance for linear and nonlinear ultrasonic thermography
No full textAn efficient wave-defect interaction is the key to a high thermal response of flaws in ultrasonic thermography. To selectively enhance defect vibrations a concept of local defect resonance is developed and applied to ultrasonic activation of defects. The frequency match between the defect resonance frequency and the probing ultrasonic wave results in a substantial rise of a local defect temperature. The defect resonance is accompanied by depletion of the excitation frequency vibration due to nonlinear frequency conversion to higher harmonics. The local generation of higher frequency components provides a high thermal defect response in such an acoustically nonlinear thermography mode
Azimuthal anisotropy of D-meson production in Pb-Pb collisions at root s(NN)=2.76 TeV
No full textThe production of the prompt charmed mesonsD(0), D+, andD(*+) relative to the reaction plane was measured in Pb-Pb collisions at a center-of-mass energy per nucleon-nucleon collision of root s(NN) = 2.76 TeV with the ALICE detector at the CERN Large Hadron Collider. D mesons were reconstructed via their hadronic decays at central rapidity in the transverse-momentum (pT) interval 2-16 GeV/c. The azimuthal anisotropy is quantified in terms of the second coefficient v(2) in a Fourier expansion of the D-meson azimuthal distribution and in terms of the nuclear modification factor R-AA, measured in the direction of the reaction plane and orthogonal to it. The v(2) coefficient was measured with three different methods and in three centrality classes in the interval 0%-50%. A positive v(2) is observed in midcentral collisions (30%-50% centrality class), with a mean value of 0.204(-0.036)(+0.099) (tot.unc.) in the interval 2 < pT < 6 GeV/c, which decreases towards more central collisions (10%-30% and 0%-10% classes). The positive v(2) is also reflected in the nuclear modification factor, which shows a stronger suppression in the direction orthogonal to the reaction plane formidcentral collisions. The measurements are compared to theoretical calculations of charm-quark transport and energy loss in high-density strongly interacting matter at high temperature. The models that include substantial elastic interactions with an expanding medium provide a good description of the observed anisotropy. However, they are challenged to simultaneously describe the strong suppression of high-pT yield of D mesons in central collisions and their azimuthal anisotropy in noncentral collisions
A comparison of methods used to predict the vibrational energy required for a reliable thermosonic inspection
No full textThermosonics is capable of detecting cracks in several types of components. The component is excited with high-power ultrasonic vibrations, causing cracks to generate heat, which can be detected by an infrared (IR) camera. However, the excitation in a typical thermosonic test is non-reproducible and can lead to cracks being undetected if sufficient vibrational energy is not applied at the crack location. The vibrational energy dissipated as heat at the defect is directly related to the frequency and amplitude of the vibration, and this energy can be represented by a single parameter (Heating Index) computed from the vibration waveform. The Heating Index parameter is useful as it can be used to predict the vibration level required for a reliable thermosonic inspection. The aim of this work is to compare different vibration measuring devices that may be used to capture the vibration waveform required to compute the Heating Index. In this study, an aero engine turbine blade is inspected using a practical thermosonic setup, after which the vibration waveforms acquired from a laser vibrometer, microphone and strain gauge are processed. Results from this work will highlight the relative merits and limitations of these different vibration measuring devices for computing the Heating Index
Centrality, rapidity and transverse momentum dependence of J/Psi suppression in Pb-Pb collisions at root(NN)-N-S=2.76TeV
No full textThe inclusive J/.nuclear modification factor (R-AA) in Pb-Pb collisions at root(NN)-N-S = 2.76TeVhas been measured by ALICE as a function of centrality in the e+ e-decay channel at mid-rapidity (| y| < 0.8) and as a function of centrality, transverse momentum and rapidity in the + -decay channel at forward-rapidity (2.5 < y < 4). The J/.yields measured in Pb-Pb are suppressed compared to those in ppcollisions scaled by the number of binary collisions. The RAAintegrated over a centrality range corresponding to 90% of the inelastic Pb-Pb cross section is 0.72 - 0.06(stat.) - 0.10(syst.) at mid-rapidity and 0.58 - 0.01(stat.) - 0.09(syst.) at forward-rapidity. At low transverse momentum, significantly larger values of RAAare measured at forward-rapidity compared to measurements at lower energy. These features suggest that a contribution to the J/.yield originates from charm quark (re) combination in the deconfined partonic medium. (C) 2014 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B. V
Measurement of charged jet suppression in Pb-Pb collisions at =2.76TeV
No full textA measurement of the transverse momentum spectra of jets in Pb-Pb collisions at =2.76TeV is reported. Jets are reconstructed from charged particles using the anti- jet algorithm with jet resolution parameters R of 0.2 and 0.3 in pseudo-rapidity ||<0.5. The transverse momentum p_T of charged particles is measured down to 0.15 GeV/c which gives access to the low p_T fragments of the jet. Jets found in heavy-ion collisions are corrected event-by-event for average background density and on an inclusive basis (via unfolding) for residual background fluctuations and detector effects. A strong suppression of jet production in central events with respect to peripheral events is observed. The suppression is found to be similar to the suppression of charged hadrons, which suggests that substantial energy is radiated at angles larger than the jet resolution parameter R=0.3 considered in the analysis. The fragmentation bias introduced by selecting jets with a high p_T leading particle, which rejects jets with a soft fragmentation pattern, has a similar effect on the jet yield for central and peripheral events. The ratio of jet spectra with R=0.2 and R=0.3 is found to be similar in Pb-Pb and simulated PYTHIA pp events, indicating no strong broadening of the radial jet structure in the reconstructed jets with R<0.3.A measurement of the transverse momentum spectra of jets in Pb-Pb collisions at TeV is reported. Jets are reconstructed from charged particles using the anti- jet algorithm with jet resolution parameters of and in pseudo-rapidity . The transverse momentum of charged particles is measured down to GeV/ which gives access to the low fragments of the jet. Jets found in heavy-ion collisions are corrected event-by-event for average background density and on an inclusive basis (via unfolding) for residual background fluctuations and detector effects. A strong suppression of jet production in central events with respect to peripheral events is observed. The suppression is found to be similar to the suppression of charged hadrons, which suggests that substantial energy is radiated at angles larger than the jet resolution parameter considered in the analysis. The fragmentation bias introduced by selecting jets with a high leading particle, which rejects jets with a soft fragmentation pattern, has a similar effect on the jet yield for central and peripheral events. The ratio of jet spectra with and is found to be similar in Pb-Pb and simulated PYTHIA pp events, indicating no strong broadening of the radial jet structure in the reconstructed jets with
Resilient places? The healthcare gardens and the Maggie's Centres
No full textThis thesis takes as its focus the Maggie’s Cancer Centres exploring for the first time the impact of their designed gardens. This research is situated within the immediate context of Maggie’s ambitions as an organisation and looks closely at their design process. It is also set within the wider debates about the effects of green space on health and the historical context of the restorative garden. By exploring both historical and contemporary examples, it argues that a healthcare garden may be a space for transformation.
Using four different Maggie’s gardens as case studies, the research seeks to investigate the role of these outdoor spaces and their impact on users. Through ethnographic and sensory methods, each garden is considered and mapped. It looks at the design brief and the intentions of the designers’, but the core work is an exploration of the experiences of staff and visitors. The focus is on the everyday use of these gardens as well as the design historiography. The experiences of gardens within healthcare are examined in order to expose the ways in which gardens, people, health and care are entwined.
Through the qualitative research process this thesis develops a new hypothesis as to how healthcare gardens may operate – offering a new definition for them as “resilient places”. Careful analysis of the data reveals the specific networks and affordances presented by these gardens. The thesis argues, based on the evidence of users, that healthcare gardens can uniquely embrace certain “essences” where essence is defined as conveying a quality or attribute. These garden essences are identified as thresholds, sensory richness, the density of time and homeliness. The thesis also argues that a healthcare garden can provide specific and unique opportunities for care and this, in turn, can enhance the healing ethos of an organisation such as Maggie’s
Elliptic flow of identified hadrons in Pb-Pb collisions at TeV
No full textThe elliptic flow coefficient (v(2)) of identified particles in Pb-Pb collisions at root s(NN) = 2.76 TeV was measured with the ALICE detector at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC). The results were obtained with the Scalar Product method, a two-particle correlation technique, using a pseudo-rapidity gap of |Delta eta| > 0.9 between the identified hadron under study and the reference particles. The v (2) is reported for pi(+/-), K-+/-, K-S(0), p+(p) over bar, phi, Lambda+(Lambda) over bar, Xi+(Xi) over bar (+) and Omega(-)+(Omega) over bar (+) in several collision centralities. In the low transverse momentum (p(T)) region, p(T) 3 GeV/c
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