1,720,991 research outputs found
Médiation scientifique et trajectoire biographique: Le rapport des individus aux sciences et techniques
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Communication et médiation par le toucherdans quelques expositions de sciences: Limites et contraintes dans l’expérience des visiteurs
No full textInternational audienceCette communication aborde le public « tout-venant » de plusieurs expositions interactives attribuant au toucher un rôle direct ou indirect dans la médiation des savoirs. La part du toucher sera abordée en terme de limites et de contraintes dans la situation de communication. Les mobilisations sociales du toucher n’allant pas de soi, quelles sont les conditions du recours effectif au toucher dans l’activité de réception par les visiteurs ? Quelles articulations avec d’autres signifiants y sont les plus favorables? La recherche qualitative s’appuie sur des observations et des entretiens. La préhension des objets interactifs apparaît tributaire de la sociabilité autour des expériences: partages et échanges entre visiteurs, ou avec un médiateur. La familiarisation préalable avec les dispositifs muséaux est aussi décisive. Des degrés de participation peuvent ainsi être repérés, de la figuration visuelle du toucher « par procuration », à l’engagement direct permettant l’interprétation des dynamiques ressenties
La communication scientifique muséale au prisme de l'action en présentiel : le cas du Pavillon des Sciences
Get PDFIn science museums and science centers, "presential" mediation positioning a mediator and the public in the co-presence of objects within a dedicated environment, remains relatively unknown. From a Communication Science perspective, analyzing actual situations transcends the simple provision of information, and focuses on the significance of third party forms within the construction of meaning. Presential communication is transient and centered on the words and gestures of an embodied third party. It provides a greater potential for interactions around practical situations, unlike other media (i.e. an exhibition). The purpose of this research is to question the rightful place of these specificities within mediation processes in the Pavillon des Sciences, a french science center. Using qualitative methods and an immersive approach (observations, interviews), this research has enabled the analysis of mediation situations and adopted the viewpoint of both the explainers and the public. Scientific mediators propose different forms of access to scientific knowledge to the public, based on the exploration of a theme and presentation of an experimental approach. These results renew a hybrid form of sui generis communication, between museal interpretation and sociocultural activities, through the presentation of a variety of signifiers.Dans les institutions muséales dévolues à la communication scientifique publique, la médiation dite « présentielle », plaçant en coprésence des objets, un public et un médiateur dans un environnement dédié, reste méconnue. Du point de vue des SIC, l’analyse de situations concrètes permet de dépasser le seul cadre d’une transmission d’informations, pour s’interroger sur l’importance des formes du tiers dans le contexte de construction du sens. La communication présentielle est éphémère et repose sur les paroles et les gestes d’un tiers incarné. Elle offre une plus grande potentialité d’échanges dans la situation, à la différence d’autres médias, comme l’exposition. L’objectif de cette recherche est d’interroger la place de ces spécificités dans les dispositifs de médiation du Pavillon des sciences, un Centre de Culture Scientifique, Technique et Industrielle. Menée en immersion et à partir de méthodes qualitatives (observations, entretiens), elle a permis d’observer le déroulement de situations de médiation, d’adopter le point de vue du public et celui des animateurs. Les animateurs scientifiques proposent au public des formes d’accès aux savoirs scientifiques basées sur l’articulation d’un propos et d’une mise en scène de l’approche expérimentale. Ces résultats permettent de mettre au jour une forme de communication sui generis, hybride entre médiation muséale et animation, et mettant à disposition une diversité de signifiants
Le rôle des animateurs dans l’exposition de sciences et techniques: entre dispositifs et visiteurs
No full textInternational audienceÀ partir d’une étude de terrain réalisée au Pavillon des sciences, CCSTI de Franche-Comté, l’auteur analyse les pratiques et les techniques des animateurs en montrant comment celles-ci permettent au public de s’approprier les outils interactifs et plus largement questionnent sur la place respective des manipulations et des dispositifs numériques dans la médiation muséale présentielle en matière de diffusion de la culture scientifique et technique
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
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