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Penentuan awal waktu salat di daerah lintang di atas 48.5° : studi pemikiran Niḍāl Qassūm tentang ufuq wahmi dalam perspektif astronomi dan fikih
Get PDFPernentuan waktu salat di daerah lintang di atas 48.5° sering menjadi pembahasan para ilmuan fikih maupun astronomi. Salah satu ahli astronomi yang membahas tema ini adalah Niḍāl Qassūm. Niḍāl menawarkan metode yang disebut “ufuq wahmi” (ufuk buatan). Studi ini dimaksudkan untuk menjawab pertanyaan: (1) Bagaimana konsep dan perhitungan ufuq wahmi dalam penentuan waktu salat di daerah lintang di atas 48.5° (2) Bagaimana perspektif fikih dan astronomi terhadap pemikiran Nidal Qassūm tentang ufuq wahmi dalam penentuan waktu salat di daerah lintang di atas 48.5°? Jenis Penelitian ini adalah studi kepustakaan. Sumber data dalam studi ini adalah karya Niḍāl Qassūm yang berjudul “Ṭarīqah Falakiyyah Jadīdah li Ḥisāb Mawāqit aṣ-Ṣalāt …” dan rekaman seminar beliau. Data tersebut di analisis dengan pendekatan fikih dan astronomi dengan metode deskriptif-analitis.
Hasil kajian ini adalah (1) Metode ufuq wahmi adalah ufuk buatan yang nilainya sama dengan deklinasi matahari. Metode ini merubah parameter ufuk dalam perhitungan awal waktu salat. (2) Dalam perspektif astronomi, metode ufuq wahmi merubah ketentuan tinggi matahari dalam perhitungan waktu salat. Sedangkan dalam pespektif fikih, metode ini merujuk pada pendapat fuqoha “merujuk waktu Makkah”. Metode ufuq wahmi akan menghasilkan waktu salat yang stabil di lokasi lintang di atas 48.5° dan stabilnya interval waktu antara salat satu dengan yang lainnya. Metode ini tidak sepenuhnya sempurna. Sehingga, penulis merekomendasikan (1) Atas pertimbangan fikih, pelaksanaan salat isya di wilayah lintang 48.5° - 66.5° LU dengan jamak taqdīm. (2) Penentuan waktu asar di lintang 80° LU – kutub dengan membagi dua durasi zuhur – asar, dan awal waktu asar adalah permulaan bagian kedua.
ABSTRACT:
Determining the beginning of prayer in high latitudes is often the discussion of Fuqoha and astronomy scientists. One of the astronomers who discussed this theme was Niḍāl Qassūm. Niḍāl offers a method called "ufuq wahmi". The study is intended to answer the question: (1) How is the concept and calculation of ufuq wahmi in the determination of prayers in latitudes above 48.5° N (2) What is the perspective of Islamic jurisprudence and astronomy on Nidal Qassūm's thoughts on ufuq wahmi in the determination of prayers in above 48.5°N? This problem is discussed through literature studies. The data source in this study is Niḍāl Qassūm’s "Ṭarīqah Falakiyyah Jadīdah li Ḥisāb Mawāīqīt aṣ-Ṣalāt..." and recordings of his seminars. The data is analyzed with a Islamic jurisprudence and astronomy approach with descriptive-analytical methods.
The result of this study is (1) The ufuq wahmi method is an artificial horizon that is the same value as the declination of the sun. This method changes the parameters of the horizon in the initial calculation of prayer time. (2) In the astronomical perspective, the ufuq wahmi method changes the parameters of the horizon in the calculation of prayer time. While in the perspective of fiqh, this method refers to the opinion of fuqoha "referring to the time of Makkah". The ufuq wahmi method will produce a stable prayer time at latitudes above 48.5° and a stable time interval between each other. The ufuq wahmi method in islamic jurispruding review is only relevant to latitudes 66.5° to the poles. This method is not completely perfect. Thus, the author recommends (1) To pray isya with jama’ taqdim in the latitude region of 48.5° - 66.5° N. (2) For determining asar time (above 80° N) is to divide period between zuhr and magrib into two parts and asar is at the beginning of the second part
Ahruf Sab'ah dan Qira'at
Get PDFThe set of knowledge used to understand the Qur'an is commonly called Ulumul Qur'an. Among those belonging to it is Qira'at Study, the outline is the science of reading. On this occasion, we will discuss a bit about Qira'at Study. Although, some scholars of the Qur'anic scholars have assumed that qiraat is an unattractive study, since this study is not in direct contact with the daily lives of Muslims. However, it is noteworthy that the extent to which the discourse qiraat able to give us benefits, especially related to the verses of the law and others. Therefore we need understanding, knowledge and matters concerning qiraat.
 
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
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