1,720,971 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
“'She Has Not Been Seen or Heard of Since': Gender, Incarceration, and Punishment in The Bahamas, 1860s–1920s"
No full textInternational audienceAs colonial racialized subjects, Afro-Bahamian men and women were different from British subjects, and thus required a different treatment before the law. Punishment was racialized and gendered, and the discourses and resulting practices of punishment criminalized men’s and women’s bodies in distinctive ways. Evidence shows that women were as likely as men to find themselves involved with the law, and high numbers of women were arraigned by the courts and convicted of various crimes. Colonial records provide rare information about their involvement with the law, the specific nature of their crimes, and their treatment in the judicial system. Afro-Bahamian women who did not conform to society’s elite moral code were considered a threat to colonial respectability and were often found to be more intractable than men, resulting in harsh, humiliating punishments. Above all, the records demonstrate that these women exercised some form of agency, transgressing the boundaries that kept them subordinate
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
"'The Scale of Punishment Has Been Framed Specially for the Black Man': Imprisonment, Race, and Punishment in the Colonial Bahamas, 1840–1973"
No full textInternational audienceThis article investigates the establishment of a prison system in the post-Eman- cipation Bahamas and the resulting mass incarceration of the Afro-Bahamian population throughout the colonial period. As race and racial ideas shaped the perception and fear of crime, the prison became the quintessential space of confinement and punishment. Other mechanisms, including hard labour and whipping, were also used in tandem to discipline and exert control over the population. As a result, the colonial elites effectively used the penal system to reinforce their position within the society and the perpetuation of the social and racial order that existed before Emancipation
"Haitian Migration, The Bahamas, and the Wider Caribbean"
No full textInternational audienceThe Bahamas and Haiti have had a long relationship, characterized by both cooperation and tensions. In the 1950s, a prosperous Bahamian economy coupled with poor socio-economic conditions and political instability in Haiti fueled the migration of Haitians to The Bahamas. Since then, the size of the Haitian population has grown exponentially. The high numbers of Haitian migrants have raised fears that The Bahamas is being “overwhelmed” by this group, which has resulted in Haitians being stigmatized. The nationalist political rhetoric and accompanying discriminatory policies geared toward non-Bahamians have contributed to the stigmatization and marginalization of Haitian nationals, while the media has exacerbated the ill-treatment and prejudice against Haitians and persons of Haitian ancestry. A similar discourse is found in other parts of the Caribbean, including the Dominican Republic, the Turks & Caicos Islands, the French overseas departments, and, more recently, Guyana and Suriname. Quantitative and qualitative data, including colonial reports, censuses, government policies, newspaper articles, and human rights organizations’ reports, allow us to examine and compare such economic, political, social, cultural, and psychological triggers for xenophobia and nativism in The Bahamas and the wider Caribbean, and the resulting marginalization and discrimination of Haitians
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