1,720,963 research outputs found
Custos da qualidade : planejamento economico dos graficos de controle por atributos e modelos correlatos
Get PDFTese (doutorado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro TecnologicoRevisão e análise dos modelos de planejamento econômico dos gráficos de controle por atributos e modelos correlatos existentes. Agrupamento dos modelos em conjuntos de enfoques semelhantes, com base, especialmente, na formulação da função custo/perda, seus pressupostos básicos e número de parâmetros de custo/risco envolvidos. Indicação do modelo que melhor se adapta às necessidades, características e capacidades de um sistema produtivo. Instruções adicionais, para a tomada de decisão, com base em análise de sensibilidade dos modelos. Estudo comparativo entre o modelo de Taguchi e outros que lhe são compatíveis
Análise do comportamento do sistema recuperador de ondas, do grupo de radiociência de Gaspar (25)
No full textDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, 1981
Método estatístico para detecção de surtos de bactérias multirresistentes em pacientes da Unidade de Terapia Intensiva de adultos do Hospital Universitário de Brasília/DF
Get PDFDissertação (mestrado)—Universidade de Brasília, Faculdade de Medicina, Núcleo de Medicina Tropical, 2012.Introdução: O aumento da incidência de microorganismos multirresistentes representa um grande desafio aos hospitais. A adoção de medidas de prevenção é preconizada para evitar a disseminação destes germes, principalmente nas áreas críticas, devido à presença de pacientes mais susceptíveis. A utilização de gráficos de controle Cumulative Sum Chart (CUSUM), em português: Gráfico de Somas Acumuladas, com intuito de monitorar em “tempo real” as infecções/colonizações por bactérias multirresistentes (BMR), é uma ferramenta estatística estratégica para o planejamento e vigilância, na identificação precoce de surtos. Objetivos: O objetivo foi avaliar a eficácia do gráfico de controle do tipo CUSUM, como instrumento de identificação de surtos bacterianos multirresistentes em Unidades de Terapia Intensiva de Adultos (UTI), e caracterizar a frequência e o tempo de ocorrências dos principais agentes. Método: Trata-se de um estudo retrospectivo da frequência de BMR na UTI de Adultos, do Hospital Universitário de Brasília (HUB), no período de janeiro de 2001 a dezembro de 2011. Foram incluídos todos os resultados positivos de culturas, infecção e colonização, para BMR. Os dados foram tratados estatisticamente para quantificar os dias entre resultados positivos (DERP). Os gráficos CUSUM foram construídos para cada agente etiológico mais frequente. As situações de alerta (ponto em que a curva muda de declividade) e de alarme (ponto registrado fora dos limites de controle) aparecem sinalizadas nos gráficos. Resultados: Dos 453 isolados de BMR, as principais bactérias identificadas foram: Staphylococcus aureus resistente à meticilina (MRSA), Acinetobacter baumannii, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Staphylococcus epidermidis e Enterobacter sp. Esse grupo é formado pelos agentes mais frequentes, representando 91,39% de todos os resultados positivos para BMR no período estudado. Os percentuais desses agentes são similares aos encontrados na literatura, variando apenas a predominância entre eles. As análises dos gráficos CUSUM, para cada BMR estudada, permitiram determinar o instante estimado da alteração do processo (ponto em que a curva muda de declividade), assinalado com flechas pretas nos gráficos, que geralmente antecede uma mudança de estado do processo. Os gráficos do MRSA e Klebsiella pneumoniae apresentaram, num certo período, um número indesejável de ocorrências, com intervalos demasiadamente curtos. Conclusão: O estudo evidenciou que o gráfico CUSUM é capaz de identificar precocemente o descontrole do processo em “tempo real”. Além disso, a análise individual dos gráficos, por BMR, facilita a adoção de medidas de prevenção específicas. O estudo mostrou que a inclusão de estratégias de retroalimentação associada ao controle estatístico, pode originar melhorias no desempenho do processo e maior agilidade na vigilância, uma vez ampliado para todos os agentes multirresistentes. ________________________________________________________________________________ ABSTRACTIntroduction: The increased incidence of multidrug-resistant bacteria is a major challenge to hospitals. The adoption of preventive measures is recommended to prevent the spread of germs, especially in critical areas, like ICUs, due to the presence of patients at risk. The use of Cumulative Sum Chart - CUSUM control charts, in order to monitor at real time infection/colonization by multiresistant bacteria, is a strategic statistical tool for planning, monitoring, and early detecting of outbreaks. Objectives: The objective of this research is to evaluate the effectiveness of the CUSUM control chart as a tool for identifying outbreaks of multidrug-resistant bacteria in Intensive Care Unit for adults (ICU), and to characterize the frequency and time between occurrences of the main agents. Method: This is a retrospective study of the frequency of multidrug-resistant bacteria (MRB) in Adult ICU of the HUB, from January 2001 to December 2011. All positive cultures - infection and colonization – of multidrug-resistant bacteria were included. The data set was statistically analyzed in order to quantify the days between positive results (DBPR). The CUSUM charts were constructed for each most frequent etiologic agent. Alert conditions (points where the curve slope changes) and alarm sign (point plotted outside the control limits) were pointed out in the charts. Results: Among the 453 isolates of MRB, the main bacterias identified were: Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), Acinetobacter baumannii, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Staphylococcus epidermidis and Enterobacter sp. This group is formed by the most frequently agents, becoming together 91.39% of all positive results for MRB during the studied period. The percentages of these agents are similar to those found in the literature, varying only the predominance among them. The analysis of CUSUM charts for each MRB studied, allowed to determine the estimated moment when process changes (where the curve slope changes), marked with black arrows on the graphs. This early sign usually precedes a change in the state of the process. The graphics of MRSA and Klebsiella pneumoniae showed, in a certain period, a number of undesirable occurrences, with too short intervals. Conclusion: This study showed that the CUSUM chart is able to identify earlier, a lack in the control state, at real-time. Furthermore, the analysis of individual graphs for MRB, facilitates the adoption of specific measures to prevent future outbreaks. The study showed that the inclusion of feedback strategies associated with statistical control, can lead to improvement in the process performance and will give greater flexibility in surveillance, when expanded to all multi-resistant agents.Faculdade de Medicina (FM)Programa de Pós-Graduação em Medicina Tropica
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
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