288 research outputs found
Inequality of Opportunity and Space
No full textThis thesis studies the role of spatial factors in influencing the observed inequality in various spheres of life. Despite extensive research, the efforts to identify and tackle inequalities are nested in two interrelated but somehow separate domains. One genre of literature focuses on inequalities in "aspatial" form: inequality of income, wealth, consumption and inequalities due to gender, parental background, race and ethnicity. The other body of literature instead studies inequalities in a "spatial" form, which can be generalized as inequalities due to location: inequality in access to education, health services, public goods and to decent employment. Thus, there is often no explicit correspondence between the spatial and aspatial measures put forth and employed to empirically implement inequality investigations. This thesis aims to narrow this gap by employing methods and theories from both approaches. The notion of equality adapted by the thesis is defined as equality of opportunity (EOp), which holds in a society when the life chances of individuals depend solely on their own effort purged off exogenous factors that are defined as circumstances such as gender, race, ethnicity and family background. The thesis is comprised of three chapters, the first two chapters aim to bridge the theory and methods of EOp literature to Spatial Accessibility and Neighbourhood Effects studies respectively and the last chapter studies the Spatial Segregation by Income, motivated by the implications of equal opportunities arguments. The first chapter contributes to both accessibility and EOp literatures by a normative consideration of spatial equality analysing the physical distance from opportunities and the social distance between socio-economic groups. Moreover, using a survey data (Inserimento professionale dei laureati, 2011), the chapter shows that despite the expansion of higher education(HE) supply in the Italy took place during the period 1990-1997, there is still a high inequality in access to HE due to spatial distribution of opportunities and additional disparity due socioeconomic factors. The second chapter studies the role of parental neighbourhoods influencing the life chances of children both in terms of immediate effects on education and long-term effects on earnings. The chapter contributes to the neighbourhood studies by constructing individualized neighbourhoods based on a k nearest neighbour (knn) algorithm, which in return enhances the understanding of the temporal effects of neighbourhoods. Additionally, using the Place longitudinal data, the chapter quantifies the relative contribution of parental neighbourhoods to inequality of opportunity in Sweden. The third chapter of the thesis proposes a new index of spatial segregation by income and based on the evidence from Sweden, the chapter demonstrates the robustness of the proposed index
City love and place quality assessment of liveable and loveable neighbourhoods in Rotterdam
No full textAfter the worldwide interest in global sustainability and climate change challenges, an increasing concern is voiced on local quality of life and neighbourhood liveability. In recent urban studies, human well-being, satisfaction and happiness studies are gaining much popularity in a local context (the ‘microcosmic city’). The present study seeks to identify the determinants of the residents’ appreciation for their daily environment, called here ‘city love’. The latter concept captures both tangible or material aspects of city life (‘body’) and immaterial and emotional dimensions of local quality of life (‘soul’). The present paper seeks to develop and test a new quantitative ‘city love’ concept, inspired by the soul and body conceptualisation of urban attractiveness for residents and visitors – based on a novel ‘feelgood’ index (FGI) and a ‘human habitat’ index (HHI) –, with a view to map out the citizens’ contentment or appreciation (called neighbourhood love index – NLI) at a district or neighbourhood scale in the city of Rotterdam. Our study utilises data from a quantitative survey among thousands of residents located in 63 neighbourhoods in this city. In addition, the Rotterdam dataset contains not only survey data, but also register data on these neighbourhoods, e.g., real-estate values, crime statistics, and socio-demographics, while geographical information from OpenStreetMap (OSM) is added as a complement. In addition to a multivariate analysis of the rich data set, the paper employs also a quantile regression analysis extended with fixed effects. The results show that the coefficients of the feelgood index (FGI) and the human habitat index (HHI) decrease slightly as we move up the distribution of the neighbourhood love index (NLI). This means that physical and functional aspects of neighbourhoods, e.g., access to such amenities as public transportation, sport facilities, and also streets with diverse attractions or bikeable and walkable road networks, become more important for the lower end of the distribution of the neighbourhood love index (NLI). Our neighbourhood-specific analyses show that the Rotterdam districts and neighbourhoods differ substantially in many physical and social-emotional respects, which calls for place-based policies and sub-local well-being initiatives
Participatory policy-making, participatory civil society: A key for dissolving elite rule in new democracies in the era of globalization
No full textKorkut, Umut (Dogus Author)The author argues that in democracies a strong state and strong civil society are not mutually exclusive. Only a democratic, legitimate, and strong state can provide the environment for civil society activities to flourish; in return, only a strong and a participatory civil society can outline the reach of state strength vis-`a-vis the society. The author discusses the need for civil society organizations to collaborate with policy-making institutions, in which they can negotiate policy concerns with ministers and officials while retaining an independent distance from the state and the political parties. Further, the author argues that an environment as such would provide for the transformative capacity of human agency to manifest itself in full in a globalizing world. The author discusses how participatory state and çivil society structures will enhance the role of the human agency in order to dissolve elite rule, especially in new democracies
: An Inquiry into a Non-Dualistic Duality of Human and Nonhuman
No full textIn-Habitant is an art and life project based on artist Umut Tasa’s decade-long encounters with urban wildlife. It is a quest to utilize art as a research method to contemplate her memories, nature discoveries, audiovisual records, and archive of haiku and prose through a body of artworks. These artworks bring together the corporeality of nonhumans with their digital re-presentation and literary text with creative coding. The author inquires into dualistic and nondualistic ontological approaches to human-nonhuman relations in urban settings
Türkçe Dergilerde Yayımlanan Makaleler Üzerine Bir İnceleme
No full textThere are currently more than 2,000 journals published in Turkey. Yet studies dealing with articles published in Turkish journals are scarce. This paper provides descriptive data on approximately 518,000 articles that appeared in 2,509 Turkish journals published between 1923 and 1999. Data comes from the Bibliography of Articles of the Republican Era 1923-1999 that was recently published by the Turkish National Library. Two thirds of the articles were on technology and social sciences. Articles in medicine constituted one fifth of all articles followed by economics (12.5%) and agriculture (6.1%). An overwhelming majority of articles were authored by a single author. One tenth of all articles appeared in ten journals. Findings can be used to develop library collection management policies for Turkish journals
Cumhuriyet Dönemi Makaleler Bibliyografyası 1923-1999: Eleştirel Bir Değerlendirme.
No full textThe Turkish National Library has recently published the Bibliography of Articles of the Republican Era 1923-1999 (BARE) on CD-ROM. BARE is the most comprehensive bibliography that indexes the articles contained in Turkish journals received by the Library through “legal depot”. It contains bibliographic information on a total of 566,627 articles that appeared in 4,418 Turkish journals and periodicals. This paper critically reviews the Bibliography on the basis of its user interface, database design and data quality. Human-computer interaction (HCI) issues and the usability criteria seem to have not been taken into account when designing the user interface of the BARE CD-ROM. The user interface is not intuitive. It appears that a comprehensive systems analysis study was not carried out before designing the database and the principles of database management design seem to have been ignored. Bibliographic data listed in the printed copies of the Bibliography was simply transferred to a flat table, which resulted in data redundancy and waste of space. Boolean searches cannot be performed on author and article titles. Nine percent of the records contained errors in article and journal titles as well as authors’ names. Used through the web site of the Turkish National Library, the Bibliography and its interface should be redesigned and improved, and the functions of the search engine should be increased
The Influences of Sectarian Fanaticism on Descriptions of Other Sects
No full textWOS: 000391860100006Kitab al-Firaq is an important work belonging Abu Muhammad al -Yemeni. It reflects sectarian perception of Sunni scholars who lived in Yemen in the sixth century AH. But there is not enough information about the author and his work in the sources. But it is known that he has affected some scholars like Saksaki. In addition, influences of political, social and religious structure of Yemen can be seen in Kitab al-Firaq. Ash'arite, Ashabu'l-Hadith, Ismaelite, and Zaidiyyah were the most common sects in Yemen at that time. The social life of the region had been shaped by politics behaving sectarian competition. Hence, written books had ideological contents. Sectarian fanaticism was affecting the descriptions made on opponents. For instance, Abu Muhammad has used exclusionary language about dissident sects. In addition, he has selected the marginal views of sects; moreover, presented some opinions by falsifying and sometimes made generalizations. Therefore, modern researchers should be careful while using his book and similar works of Islamic heresiographical literature about problems such as these
What direction for Turkey? A plea for political reconciliation. EPIN Commentary No. 26/14 October 2015
No full textEven before the recent terrorist attacks in Ankara, Turkey was a country in crisis. In this EPIN Commentary Umut Uzer attempts to shed light on the political turbulence and increasing polarisation in the country, and makes a plea for a return to consensus-building ahead of the fresh round of elections in November.
The author also calls upon the EU to offer incentives to Turkey to continue on the path of EU membership, but if membership is out of the question, then other platforms for cooperation should be negotiated. The EU should speak in a candid manner and make clear what kind of future relationship it envisages for Turkey, because now, more than ever, cooperation is in both their interests
A multilevel analysis of the contextual effects in distance education outcomes during COVID-19
No full textThe COVID-19 outbreak has forced countries to take extensive measures aimed at minimizing human contact. In this crisis period, distance education has played a crucial role in ensuring continuous learning. However, not all locations have had the same maturity level regarding infrastructure availability, and the city-level heterogeneity in socioeconomic structures might have impeded equal access to distance education. This paper focuses on the contextual dimension of distance education by a comparative approach between in-person and distance education outcomes in Turkey. By a multilevel modelling approach, student outcomes are examined against a set of student-level and city-level determinants of academic success during the COVID-19 period compared to the same academic semester in the previous year. The findings support previous studies, discussing the long-term contextual effects on student outcomes and show that the digital divide between the rural and urban areas and income inequality are the main drivers of city-level variation in students' success during the pandemic
Türk Eximbank’ın yapısı, sağladığı krediler ve diğer ülkelerdeki Eximbank uygulamalarının karşılaştırmalı olarak değerlendirilmesi
No full textTürk Eximbank Türkiye'de ihracatın desteklenmesi amacıyla, kurumsallaşmış tek asli teşvik unsuru olarak faaliyet göstermektedir. Bu amaç doğrultusunda ihracatçıları , ihracata yönelik üretim yapan imalatçıları ve yurt dışında faaliyet gösteren girişimcileri kısa , orta ve uzun vadeli kredi , sigorta ve garanti programlarıyla desteklemektedir. Çalişmanın ilk aşamasında banka kavramının tanımı , türkiye'de bankaların sınıflandırılması , işlevleri , ekonomideki yeri , türk bankacılık sisteminin genel durumu ve Türk Eximbank'ın yapısı incelenmiştir.İkinci aşamada , Türk Eximbank'ın uyguladığı ihracat kredi programlarına , bu kredilerin kullanış şekillerine ve diğer faaliyetlerine değinilmiştir. Araştırmanın üçüncü ve son bölümünde ise çeşitli ülkelerde ihracata finansal destek sağlayan kurumlar , Türk eximbank kredilerinin sektörel değerlendirilmesi ve bu kredilerin ülke ekonomisi üzerindeki etkileri anlatılmaya çalışılmıştır. Turk Eximbank is the only official element in encouraging higher volume of the export business. Turk Eximbank offers various credit options insurance and guarantee programs for exporters and producers of exporting goods , so that the targeted export volume can be achieved. First part of this study consists of banking system in Turkey , classification of various banks and a general evaluatiın of Turk Eximbank. Second part of the study explains in detail of the export credits offered by Eximbank , how to obtain and use them as well as other services made by the bank Final part of the study is about financing options available in various countries. Also sectoral distribution of Turk Eximbank credits and their effects on Turkish economy is evaluated
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