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The digital eye for mammography: deep transfer learning and model ensemble based open-source toolkit for mass detection and classification
No full textBreast cancer stands as a prevalent malignancy affecting women globally, and a screening method, mammography, boasts reliability for early diagnosis. Nevertheless, interpretive errors during population screening may result in false negatives and positives. To address this, Computer-Aided Detection systems rooted in deep learning have emerged, aiming to reduce both false positive and negative predictions. This study introduces an open-source toolkit called The Digital Eye for Mammography (DEM) and addressing limitations in mammography screening for mass detection and classification. The DEM comprises 11 state-of-the-art object detection architectures and uses a meticulously labeled dataset. It serves as a transfer learning source, and provides ensemble of models from diverse deep-learning architectures, resulting in a more robust solution. Experiments conducted on widely-used datasets indicate that the DEM outperforms existing transfer learning sources by significant margins in terms of true positive rate (TPR). According to the experimental results, the DEM serves as a better transfer learning source for mass detection in pathology-proven InBreast and CBIS-DDSM datasets, presenting improvements 12% and 5% in TPR performance at 0.1 false positive per image (FPPI), respectively. Compared to literature, the DEM achieves lower FPPI values while maintaining higher sensitivity, indicating its potential usage as a transfer learning source. By employing ensemble strategies, the DEM produces more reliable outcomes in our KETEM dataset, reducing FPPI by 49% for BI-RADS 1-2 (Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System) and 46% for BI-RADS 4-5 compared to the best individual model while preserving TPR values. The DEM's results suggest its ability to attain better performance without requiring complex model hyperparameters optimization. The GitHub repository of the DEM project is publicly available on: https://github.com/ddobvyz/digitaleye-mammography
Pyrazolone-based charge transport materials: Design, synthesis, DFT predictions, and application in organic solar cell
No full textThis study presents the design and synthesis of new pyrazolone-based materials featuring anthracene, pyrazolone, fluorene, and pyrene terminal groups, utilizing a cost-efficient synthetic route through HATU-assisted amide coupling reactions. The synthesized PY series structures were characterized using NMR, FT-IR, mass spectrometry, elemental analysis, and thermal analysis techniques, demonstrating thermal stability up to 230 degrees C. Optical properties were assessed via UV-Vis spectroscopy, fluorescence, and cyclic voltammetry (CV). The CV analysis indicated reduction potentials (Ered) of-1.50/-1.26 V for PY-II and-1.39/-1.12 V for PY-V. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations employing the B3LYP functional and the 6-311 + +G(d,p) basis set were conducted to analyse the electronic structure and optoelectronic properties of the PY series. Notably, the band gaps of PY-II and PY-V were determined to be 3.332 and 3.374 eV, with low electron reorganization energies (lambda e) of 0.332 and 0.425 eV, respectively, indicating their potential as it-conjugated building blocks. The photovoltaic performance of bulk-heterojunction organic solar cells (OSCs) fabricated with the ITO/ZnO/PTB7:PY series/ MoO3/Al configuration demonstrated improved fill factors (FF) of 2.3 and 2.5 for PY-II and PY-V, respectively. The findings of this paper highlight the potential of pyrazolone-based compounds as promising candidates for future applications in organic photovoltaics.Amasya University Scientific Research Foundation [FMB-BAP 19-0394/0398]This work was supported by the Amasya University Scientific Research Foundation (Grant No: FMB-BAP 19-0394/0398) . The authors acknowledge to Scientific and Technological Research Application and Research Center, Sinop University, Turkey, for the use of the Bruker D8 QUEST diffractometer
BibexPy: Harmonizing the bibliometric symphony of Scopus and Web of Science
No full textBibliometric analyses frequently encounter issues such as duplicate records, missing metadata, and inconsistent formats, reducing reliability and efficiency. Existing solutions offer minimal assistance for automated data integration and enrichment, requiring researchers to rely on manual efforts. This paper presents a Python-based software solution that addresses these challenges by merging datasets from Scopus and Web of Science, performing DOI-based deduplication, and enhancing metadata using APIs such as Unpaywall and Semantic Scholar. BibexPy provides analysis-ready formats that work with VosViewer and Biblioshiny, minimizing human labor and enhancing data quality. It enables advanced analysis like as co-citation mapping and trend identification, promoting innovation in bibliometric research approaches.Erasmus University RotterdamDeclaration of competing interest The authors declare the following financial interests/personal re-lationships which may be considered as potential competing interests: Tas,k & imath;n Dirsehan reports article publishing charges was provided by Erasmus University Rotterdam. The authors declare that they are the developers of BibexPy, the Python-based software presented in this paper. This relationship does not influence the integrity of the research findings, as the study adheres to standard scientific methodologies and objective analysis. If there are other authors, they declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper
The effect of game-based learning on the acquisition of intramuscular injection skills
No full textAim: This study aims to determine the efficiency of game-based learning in nursing students' IMI skills training. Background: Today, with the unstoppable development of digital technologies, the skills required by modern health services and the needs of nursing students have changed. For this reason, new teaching methods have been researched instead of traditional methods. Game-based learning will choose a dynamic learning environment for the use of game design elements in the acquisition of knowledge and the teaching of psychomotor skills, based on the theory of experimental learning while improving learning experiences with active student participation. However, its use in nursing education is limited. Design: A pretest-posttest randomized controlled experimental study design was used. Methods: The study was conducted at Ege University Faculty of Nursing in western Turkey. The sample size was determined through stratified randomization method and 135 nursing students participated in the study. Data were gathered by questionnaire method with the Student Descriptive Characteristics Form (SDCF), Intramuscular Injection Knowledge Form (IMIKF), Intramuscular Injection Implementation Checklist (IMIIC), Student Satisfaction and Confidence in Learning Scale (SSCLS) and Visual Comparison (Comfort) Scale (VCS). The chi-square test, the Mann-Whitney U test and the Brunner Langer method were performed in the SPSS 25.0 program. Results: After the Intramuscular Injection Game-Based Learning Practice (IMIGBLP), the mean score of IMIICL (61 +/- 4.4) of the intervention group was significantly higher than the mean score of the control group (38 +/- 2.1) (p<0.05). The mean score of the students in the intervention group was determined to be significantly higher than the mean score of the control group (p<0.05). A significant difference was detected between the intervention and control group students in terms of their VCS scores after IMIGBLP (p<0.05). Conclusion: Considering the results of the study, it is recommended to use the game-based learning method in psychomotor skill training in nursing
Merzifon 5th Air Base Command in Turkish Aviation History
No full textUçmak ve sadece yer yüzüne değil, gökyüzüne de hâkim olma duygusu sonucu ortaya çıkan uçaklar kısa sürede orduların savaş gereçleri arasında yer aldı. Dünyadaki gelişmelere bağlı olarak 1 Haziran 1911 yılında Tayyare Komisyonunun kurulmasıyla faaliyete başlayan Türk Hava Kuvvetleri bu anlamda dünyada ilk kurulan askeri havacılık teşkilatları arasında yer alır. Bununla birlikte ard arda yaşanan Trablusgarp, Balkan ve Birinci Dünya Savaşları askeri havacılık konusunda önemli adımlar atılmasına izin vermedi. Milli Mücadele yıllarında Ankara Hükümeti’nin kurduğu ilk teşkilatlardan biri olan Türk Hava Teşkilatı, Cumhuriyetin ilanı sonrasında yaşanan her türlü ekonomik ve malî sıkıntılara rağmen desteklenmiş; şartlar elverdiğinde havacılıkla ilgili düzenlemeler yapılmış, havacılık millî birlik ve beraberliğin pekişmesine yardımcı güçler içinde önemli bir konumda yer almış; gerek 40 yıl önce savaş uçağı yapan ve bu uçakla Hava Kuvvetleri Komutanlığı’nın belkemiğini oluşturan TUSAŞ-TAİ-TEI-ASELSAN-HAVELSAN gibi dev kuruluşları ve yan sanayii ve gerekse günümüzde Bayraktar’ın insansız gözlem yapan ve/veya bomba atan yerli ve milli uçaklarıyla bu önemini devam ettirmektedir. Merzifon ilçesindeki havacılık faaliyetleri ise 1935-1936 yılları arası başladı. Hava Atış Okulu 1943 yılında Adana’ya taşınırken, 1941 yılına kadar Çorlu’da bulunan 4. Hava Atış Alayı’nın 1942 yılında Merzifon’a gelmesiyle Merzifon’da havacılık faaliyetleri devam etmiş; 1951 yılında ismi 4. Hava Üs Komutanlığı olarak değiştirilmiştir. Genelkurmay Başkanlığı’nın 1 Kasım 1961 ve Hava Kuvvetleri Komutanlığı’nın 14 Kasım 1961 tarihli emri ile 5. Hava Üs Komutanlığı üs teşkilatına geçildi. Karadeniz bölgesi hava savunmasından sorumlu olan 5. Ana Jet Üssü, Amasya iline bağlı Merzifon ilçesinde hizmet vermeye devam ederken; 16 Kasım 1986 tarihinde Genelkurmay Başkanlığı ile Ulaştırma Bakanlığı arasında imzalanan protokol ile sivil hava trafiğine de açıldı.Airplanes, which emerged as a result of flying and the feeling of dominating not only the earth but also the sky, soon became among the war equipment of the armies. Turkish Air Force, which started its operations with the establishment of the Aircraft Commission on June 1, 1911, depending on the developments in the world, is among the first military aviation organizations established in the world in this sense. However, the successive Tripoli, Balkan and First World Wars did not allow significant steps to be taken in military aviation. The Turkish Air Force, one of the first organizations established by the Ankara Government during the War of Independence, was supported despite all kinds of economic and financial difficulties experienced after the declaration of the Republic; Regulations regarding aviation were made when conditions permitted, and aviation took an important position among the forces that helped strengthen national unity and solidarity; Both giant organizations and sub-industries such as TUSAŞ-TAI-TEI-ASELSAN-HAVELSAN, which made warplanes 40 years ago and formed the backbone of the Air Forces Command with these aircraft, and today, with Bayraktar's domestic and national aircraft that make unmanned observations and/or drop bombs, This continues to be important. Aviation activities in Merzifon district started between 1935-1936. While the Air Shooting School was moved to Adana in 1943, aviation activities continued in Merzifon with the arrival of the 4th Air Shooting Regiment, which was in Çorlu until 1941, to Merzifon in 1942; In 1951, its name was changed to 4th Air Base Command. With the order of the General Staff dated 1 November 1961 and the Air Forces Command dated 14 November 1961, the 5th Air Base Command base organization was established. While the 5th Main Jet Base, which is responsible for the air defense of the Black Sea region, continues to serve in the Merzifon district of Amasya province; It was also opened to civil air traffic with the protocol signed between the General Staff and the Ministry of Transport on 16 November 1986
The Effect of Addition of Activated Bentonite to Aflatoxin Contaminated Feed on Meat Quality of Broiler Chickens
No full textPYO.ZRT.1908.22.002This study was carried out to determine the effects of natural and activated bentonite addition to aflatoxin contaminated feed on meat quality of broiler chickens. In the study, 216 one-day-old broiler chicks (Ross-308) used in this study. Bentonite provided from special mine in Eskişehir-Seyitgazi in Turkiye. The experimental groups consisted of 6 treatment groups with 6 replicates with 6 animals in each groupFeed and water were given ad-libitum and the study was continued for 42 days. At the end of the study, meat quality characteristics (breast, thigh and liver pH, L*, a*, b*) of a total of 60 animals (10 animals from each treatment group) were determined. As a result, it was determined that AFB1 decreased the thigh and liver pH levels of broiler chickens (P<0.001), but did not affect the breast pH level (P>0.05); the addition of active and natural bentonite did not affect the breast and thigh pH levels (P>0.05). AFB1 decreased breast a* level (P<0.05), increased liver L* and b* levels (P<0.05); active and natural bentonite supplementation did not affect breast meat, thigh meat and liver colour values (P>0.05). In this study, the effects of bentonite at 0.4% levels were evaluated and it is thought that a comprehensive study at different value levels in the future will give more useful results to the scientific community in this field
Son Dönem Böbrek Yetersizliğinde Ferritin ve Kardiyak Elektrofizyoloji: Kardiyo-Elektrofizyolojik Denge İndeksinin Etkisinin Değerlendirilmesi
No full textObjective: Ferritin is a critical protein involved in iron storage and functions as an acute-phase reactant, playing a significant role in chronic inflammation and the pathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases. Elevated ferritin levels in end-stage renal disease patients undergoing hemodialysis may influence cardiac electrophysiological parameters, such as the corrected index of cardio-electrophysiological balance, a marker of proarrhythmic risk. This study aimed to investigate the association between ferritin levels and the corrected index of cardio-electrophysiological balance in patients with end-stage renal disease undergoing hemodialysis. Material and Method: This retrospective cross-sectional study included 438 patients with end-stage renal disease undergoing hemodialysis, categorized into two groups according to their ferritin levels: Group 1 (≥1000 ng/mL, n=254) and Group 2 (≤200 ng/mL, n=184). Demographic, biochemical, and electrocardiographic data, including corrected index of cardio-electrophysiological balance, were analyzed. The correlation between ferritin levels and the corrected index of cardio-electrophysiological balance was assessed. Results: The index of cardio-electrophysiological balance was significantly higher in Group 1 compared to Group 2 (5.1 vs. 4.9, p=0.003). A moderate positive correlation between ferritin levels and the index of cardio-electrophysiological balance was identified (r=0.326, pÖzet Amaç: Ferritin, demir depolanmasında anahtar bir protein olup, aynı zamanda kronik inflamasyon ve kardiyovasküler hastalıklarla ilişkili bir akut faz reaktanıdır. Hemodiyaliz uygulanan son dönem böbrek yetmezliği hastalarında artan ferritin seviyelerinin, proaritmik riski yansıtan kardiyo-elektrofizyolojik denge indeksi gibi elektrokardiyografik parametreleri etkileyebileceği düşünülmektedir. Bu çalışma, hemodiyaliz alan son dönem böbrek yetersizliği hastalarında ferritin seviyeleri ile kardiyo-elektrofizyolojik denge indeksi arasındaki ilişkiyi değerlendirmeyi amaçlamaktadır. Gereç ve Yöntem: Bu retrospektif, kesitsel çalışmada, hemodiyaliz uygulanan 438 son dönem böbrek yetersizliği hastası yer almıştır. Hastalar ferritin seviyelerine göre iki gruba ayrılmıştır: Grup 1 (≥1000 ng/mL, n=254) ve Grup 2 (≤200 ng/mL, n=184). Demografik, biyokimyasal ve elektrokardiyografik veriler (kardiyo-elektrofizyolojik denge indeksi dahil) analiz edilmiştir. Ferritin seviyeleri ile kardiyo-elektrofizyolojik denge indeksi arasındaki ilişki değerlendirilmiştir. Bulgular: Kardiyo-elektrofizyolojik denge indeksi Grup 1'de Grup 2'ye kıyasla anlamlı derecede yüksek saptandı (5.1'e karşı 4.9, p=0.003). Ferritin düzeyleri ile kardiyo-elektrofizyolojik denge indeksi arasında orta düzeyde pozitif bir korelasyon tespit edilmiştir (r=0.326,
Biomechanical insights through finite element analysis of Bennett fracture fixation: a comparative study of four surgical techniques
No full textBackground and objectivesBennett fractures are intra-articular fractures of the first metacarpal, typically resulting from axial loading. The optimal surgical method for fixation remains a topic of ongoing debate. This study aims to evaluate and compare the biomechanical properties of different fixation techniques.Materials and methodsFour fixation models were analyzed: the Lag Screw (LS) model, the Plate-screw (PS) model, and two K-wire models (Kw1 and Kw2). The biomechanical stability of each model was assessed by measuring the total displacement at the fracture line and the maximum von Mises stresses (MvMs) on the fixation materials.ResultsMeasurements revealed that the LS model exhibited the highest total displacement of 2,184 mm, while the PS model showed the least displacement at 0,069 mm. Among the K-wire models, Kw1 had a total displacement of 0,408 mm, while Kw2 displayed 0,146 mm. Notably, the MvMs values at the fracture line were highest in the LS model (623,95 MPa for the large fragment surface) and lowest in the Kw2 model (16,237 MPa). The PS model demonstrated the lowest stresses on the fixation materials, highlighting its biomechanical advantage. Furthermore, the assessment of joint-level displacement indicated that the Kw1 model had the greatest displacement (0,156 mm), while the PS model maintained remarkable stability, recording a stable 0 mm displacement.ConclusionThe PS model demonstrated superior biomechanical stability, making it the most suitable fixation method among those studied. While the Kw2 model showed promising results with low total displacement values, further studies are necessary to establish its clinical efficacy.Selcuk University Scientific Research Projects [24401153]The study was funded by Selcuk University Scientific Research Projects Coordination with project number 24401153
GENERALIZATION FOR THE KINEMATICS OF SLIDING-ROLLING MOTION IN THE SEMI-EUCLIDEAN SPACE Rε3
No full textWe propose a generalization for the sliding-rolling motion, which leads to meaningful physical and mathematical results because the general metric includes the time dimension. We also study the kinematics of the relative motion of two rigid objects maintaining sliding-rolling contact, by using the general adjoint approach in the semi-Euclidean space R-epsilon(3), where epsilon is an element of{0, 1}. This generalization gives the geometric kinematic equations of the sliding-rolling motion in the Minkowski and Euclidean spaces. In these spaces, we get a set of overconstrained equations. Solving this system, we determine the translational and angular velocities of the moving surface. Finally, we illustrate the results by two examples
Efficiency and Economic Analysis of the Heat Source Originated from the PEME-PDMYH System with the ORC Component
No full textFosil yakıtların çevresel zararlarından dolayı temiz enerji dönüşüm sistemleri ve enerji depolama alanındaki çalışmalar yaygın hale gelmiştir. Enerji dönüşüm ve depolama sistemleri arasında en çok kullanılan sistemlerden biri de hidrojen temelli, Proton Elektrolit Membranlı Elektrolizör (PEME) ve Proton Değişim Membranlı Yakıt Hücresi (PDMYH) birleşimidir. Bu birleşimde PEME hidrojen üretiminde, PDMYH ise hidrojenden elektrik üretiminde kullanılan sistemlerdir. Bu çalışmada PEME-PDMYH birleşenine ek olarak PDMYH’den elde edilen atık ısı ile Organik Rankine Çevrimi (ORÇ) çevriminden de elektrik eldesi araştırılmıştır. Bu araştırma için PEME-PDMYH ve PEME-PDMYH-ORÇ sistemleri parametrik olarak karşılaştırılmıştır. Karşılaştırma parametreleri olarak PEME hücre sayısı, şarj süresi, deşarj süresi ve ORÇ evaporatör basıncı seçilmiştir. Bu parametrelere bağlı olarak PEME’de tüketilen, PDMYH ve ORÇ’de üretilen elektrik, çevrim verimi, Seviyelendirilmiş Elektrik Maliyeti (SEM) değerleri sistem çıktısı olarak seçilmiştir. Çalışma sonucunda en etkin parametre olan PEME hücre sayısına bağlı olarak PDMYH ve ORÇ’de üretilen elektrik, yaklaşık 3 kat artmıştır. Bunun yanında ORÇ kullanımı ile çevrim veriminin %1-2,5 arasında arttığı saptanmıştır. Son olarak ORÇ’li ve ORÇ’siz sistemler arasında SEM değerleri arasında büyük farklar olmadığı görülmüştür.Due to the environmental damage of fossil fuels, studies in the field of clean energy production systems and energy storage have become widespread. One of the most used systems among energy production and storage systems is the combination of hydrogen-based, Proton Exchange Membrane Electrolyzer (PEME) and Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell (PEMFC). In this combination, PEME is the system used in hydrogen production and PEMFC is the system used in the production of electricity from hydrogen. In this study, in addition to the PEME-PEMFC compound, the generation of electricity from the ORC (Organic Rankine cycle) with the waste heat obtained from PEMFC was investigated. For this research, PEME-PEMFC and PEME-PEMFC-ORC systems were compared parametrically. Number of PEME cells, charging time, discharge time and ORC evaporator pressure were selected as comparison parameters. Depending on these parameters, the electricity consumed in PEME and produced in PEMYH and ORC, cycle efficiency and Levelized Cost of Electricity (LCOS) values were selected as system output. As a result of the study, depending on the number of PEME cells, which is the most effective parameter, the electricity production produced in PEMFC and ORC increased approximately 3 times, and it was determined that the cycle efficiency increased by 1-2,5% with the use of ORC. Finally, it has been observed that there are no major differences in LCOS values between systems with and without ORC