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A Critical Analysis of Ibn Usaymin's Tafsir in the Context of Arabic Grammar
No full textİbn Useymîn’in rivâyet ve dirayet unsurlarını bir araya getirerek gerçekleştirdiği Kur’an tefsirinde, meâni’l-Kur’ân’ın klasik Arap edebiyatı kurallarına göre dilbilimsel analizlerine ayrı bir önem verilmiştir. Onun tefsir metodolojisinde, âyetlerdeki kelimelerin dizimine tefsir -Arap dilbilimi bütünlüğü içerisinde lügat anlamı, köken, morfoloji, kavramsal anlam, sentaks, bağlam, belagat ve kıraat unsurları çerçevesinde analiz edildiği görülmektedir. İbn Useymîn’in tefsir metodolojisinde, Kur’an’ın doğru bir şekilde anlaşılması için Arap dilbilgisinin öğrenilmesi ve bu kaidelere göre tefsir yapılması temel bir ilkedir. Bu doğrultuda, kelimelerin semantik açıdan detaylı analizini değinilmekte; söz konusu kelimenin siyak içerisinde kazandığı anlamları ve şer‘î anlamları kavramsal olarak açıklanmaktadır. Özellikle, Kur’an metninde yer alan anlamdaş ve sesteş kelimelerin tefsirinde detaylı analizlere girişir. Tefsirlerinde, zaman zaman dilbilgisel ihtilafları ele alarak, bunlar arasında kuvvetli gördüğü delile göre tercih yapar. Bunun yanı sıra, müfredâtü’l-Kur’ân’ı Arap şiir divanlarından isitişhâd yaparak kelimelerin edebi ve dilsel bağlamlarını güçlendirmektedir. Kur’an’ın anlamını aktarmada Arap dilbiliminin önemini vurgulayarak, Kur’an’ın ilk muhatapları olan Arapların dil yapısına göre tefsir metodolojisini kurgulamıştır. Bu çalışma İbn Useymîn’in Kur’an tefsirinde Arap dili ve anlam bilimlerine yaklaşımını analiz etmeyi amaçlamaktadır. Çalışmamızın kapsamı müfessirin Kur’an tefsirinde Kur’an kelimelerini Arap dilbilimi açısından tefsiri ile sınırlıdır. Çalışmada nitel araştırma yöntemleri kullanılarak veriler toplanıp, analiz edilmektedir. Şüphesiz, Arap dilbilimin tefsir üzerindeki etkisi, özellikle kelimelerin morfolojik yapılarına ve âyetlerde kullanılan dilsel özelliklere yapılan vurgularda öne çıkar. Bu bağlamda, tefsir ilmini doğuşundan itibaren klasik dönemden asrımıza kadar meâni’l-Kur’ân, müfredâtü’l-Kur’an ve müşkilü’l-Kur’ân gibi ulûmü’l-Kur’ân ilimleri Kur’an kelimelerinin yorumlanmasında önemli bir yer tutmaktadır. Bu bağlamda, dilbilim ve tefsir ilişkisini İbn Useymîn’in dil bilgisine yaklaşımı üzerinden ele almak, onun tefsir metodolojisini anlamak açısından çalışmaya değer kazandıracaktır.In Ibn Usaymīn's exegesis of the Qur'ān, which he developed by integrating the elements of narration and dirāyah, a distinctive focus was placed on the linguistic analysis of mean al-Qur'ān in accordance with the conventions of classical Arabic literature. In his tafsir methodology, the sequence of words in the verses is subjected to a comprehensive linguistic analysis, encompassing lexical meaning, origin, morphology, conceptual meaning, syntax, context, rhetoric, and recitation. This analysis is conducted within the framework of tafsir-Arabic linguistics, which is a discipline that integrates various linguistic elements. Ibn Usaymīn's methodology of tafsīr is predicated on the fundamental principle that learning Arabic grammar is essential for a correct understanding of the Qur'ān and for performing tafsīr in accordance with these principles. In this regard, a comprehensive semantic analysis of the terms in question is provided, elucidating their meanings within the Qur'anic context and their associated shar'i meanings. In particular, he engages in detailed analyses of the use of homonyms and homophones in the Qur'anic text. In his exegesis, he occasionally addresses grammatical disputes and selects a resolution based on the strength of the evidence presented. Furthermore, he reinforces the literary and linguistic contexts of the words in Mufrad al-Qur'an by drawing upon Arabic poetry divans. He underscored the significance of Arabic linguistics in elucidating the meaning of the Qur'an, constructing his tafsir methodology in accordance with the linguistic structure of the Arabs, the initial interlocutors of the Qur'an. This study aims to examine Ibn Usaymīn's approach to Arabic language and semantics in Qur'ānic exegesis. The objective of our study is to analyze
Development of an analytical model to investigate temperature distribution and melt geometry in the laser powder bed fusion process under different operating parameters
No full textLaser powder bed fusion (L-PBF) fabricates components by melting layers of metal powder. Consequently, it has the potential to induce interparticle air gaps or generate unpredictable stresses. As such, understanding temperature distribution and predicting the melt pool based on process parameters are essential. While numerous numerical studies in the literature aim to determine these parameters, these numerical estimation methods often demand extensive computational time and powerful processors. This study introduces a new analytical model and a solution method, offering a significantly faster and more precise solution compared to numerical approaches. Furthermore, the developed model allows the identification of liquid and solid phase regions within the part during production, along with insights into the phase region changes over time. Eigenfunction expansion, separation of variables, and variable transformation methods were employed in the analytical solution of the model equations. Results obtained from this method have been validated by experimental studies available in the literature. By utilizing the derived solution function, the L-PBF process was parametrically investigated, revealing temperature distributions and melt pool geometries. The parametric study focused on the laser power, spot size, and powder layer thicknesses as variable parameters. The study determined that a 50 W increase in laser power raises the maximum melt pool temperature by an average of 800 K, and laser power has been identified as the most influential parameter affecting temperature distribution and melt pool geometry
Kadim Çağlardan Günümüze Tedavide Tıbbi ve Aromatik Bitkilerin Rolü
No full textPlants have served humanity for health, food, and other purposes since ancient times. Therefore, medicine and pharmacy have been two professions that are not separated from each other for centuries, when plants were used for therapeutic purposes. There are many written sources about the therapeutic use of plants since prehistoric times. Ensuring the use of the plants used in treatment by passing them through a scientific filter is important in terms of public health. In this review, contributions of the ancient civilizations, particularly in Mesopotamia (e.g., Sumerian, Babillion, Hittite, Greek) as well as Indian, Chinese, Japanese, and Islamic civilizations, are briefly reviewed in the “General Information” section, considering the development process of medicine and herbal therapy.Bitkiler çok eski çağlardan bu yana sağlık, besin ve bazı diğer amaçlarla kullanılarak insanlığa hizmet etmektedir. Dolayısıyla bitkilerin tedavi amacıyla kullanıldığı yüzyıllar boyunca hekimlik ve eczacılık birbirinden ayrılmayan iki meslek olagelmiştir. Tarih öncesi çağlardan itibaren bitkilerin tedavi amacıyla kullanımına dair pek çok yazılı kaynak mevcuttur. Tedavide kullanılan bitkilerin bilimsel süzgeçten geçirilerek kullanımlarının sağlanması toplum sağlığı açısından önem ihtiva etmektedir. Tıbbın ve bitkilerle tedavinin gelişim sürecine bakıldığında, bu derlemede başta Mezopotamya kökenli olmak üzere kadim medeniyetler (Sümer, Babil, Hitit, Yunan, vs) ile Hint, Çin, Japon ve İslam medeniyetlerinin katkıları gözden geçirilmiştir. Bu derleme ile kadim bilgiler gün ışığına çıkartılmış olup, geleneksel bilgilerin modern fitoterapi araştırmalarında kullanılabilmesi için literatüre katkıda bulunulmuştur
Long-term psychopathology rates of children and adolescents and associated factors in the worst-sticken area of 2023 Kahramanmaras earthquake
No full textIntroductionEarthquakes are natural disasters that can have significant psychological impacts on individuals, particularly children. While physical injuries are often the immediate focus following an earthquake, the psychological effects can be long-lasting and profound. Understanding the psychiatric effects of traumatic experiences in children following earthquakes is crucial for developing effective interventions and support systems.MethodOne hundred fifty three children and adolescents who experienced the earthquake were evaluated in the first year of the earthquake. Depression, anxiety, and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms were measured using standardized assessment tools. Factors that may be related to psychopathology, such as sleep disturbance, the extent of trauma, and where one lived after the earthquake, were also evaluated. The anxiety, depression and stress levels of the mother and father separately and their relationship with the child's psychopathology were evaluated.ResultsThe frequency of depression risk among participants was found to be 24.8%, while the frequency of anxiety risk was 62.8%. The frequency of PTSD risk was 97.4%. Children who migrated to another province after the earthquake had higher scale scores. Parental depression anxiety stress level was positively correlated with children's scale scores. Disruption in sleep patterns increased the risk of depression by 2.38 times. Experiencing the loss of friends in the earthquake increased PTSD score by 6.27.DiscussionThe findings of this study highlight the importance of addressing the psychiatric needs of children following earthquakes. Psychosocial support and access to appropriate treatment should be prioritized to mitigate the long-term psychological effects of traumatic experiences in children
Eliminating a gap on child maltreatment in a developing country: A comprehensive web-based training for future counselors
No full textBackground: Public personnel working in the fields of education and health are the primary professionals in Turkey responsible for recognizing issues related to child maltreatment. Therefore, it is crucial for them to be knowledgeable about the legal and guidance processes to follow. Objective: This study aims to investigate the effectiveness of a web-based training on child maltreatment (CM) for undergraduate students. The goal was to determine whether the students would gain knowledge and awareness about the signs of child maltreatment, along with a positive attitude towards reporting. Participants and Setting: The sample consisted of 85 counseling candidates (42 received the training and 43 did not). Methods: The study employed a quasi-experimental design with a control group to examine the effectiveness of the program. Pre-test, post-test, and 6-month follow-up data were analyzed using mixed ANOVA. Results: Participants who attended the program showed greater improvement compared to those who did not receive training, although some of these improvements were only partial. Conclusion: Overall, the study demonstrated the effectiveness of a comprehensive web-based program on CM for future counselors, although its effectiveness was partial in some areas. Future research should consider testing programs with different content, using different samples, and investigating programs that can be delivered in shorter time frames
Relationship Between Core and Respiratory Muscle Endurance in Elite Handball Players
No full textAmaç: Yüksek düzeyde postüral kontrol, kuvvet, aerobik ve solunum kas enduransı gerektiren hent-bolda postüral kontrol ve solunum iş birliği çok önemlidir. Literatürde hentbol oyuncularında solu-num-kor endurans ilişkisini inceleyen çalışmaya rastlanmamıştır. Bu çalışma elit hentbol oyuncuların-da gövde kas dayanıklılığı ile solunum kas fonksiyonu arasındaki ilişkiyi incelemeyi amaçlamaktadır. Materyal ve Metod: Çalışmaya 24 (22.17±3.42 yıl) kadın hentbol oyuncusu dahil edildi. Sporcularda kor endurans, Zorlu Vital Kapasite (FVC), 1. saniyedeki Zorlu Ekspirasyon Hacmi (FEV1), FEV1/FVC, Zirve Ekspiratuar Akım Hızı (PEF)’nı içeren pulmoner fonksiyonlar, solunum kas kuvveti (Maksimal İnspiras-yon Basıncı; MIP, Maksimal Ekspirasyon Basıncı; MEP) ve enduransı değerlendirildi. Bulgular: Baskın ekstremite duvar destekli oturma tutma testi süresi (s) ile solunum kas performansını içeren solunum kası enduransı (cmH2Oxs) (r=0,536) ve süresi (Tmax) (r=0,441), MIP (r=0,446; r=0,439), MEP (r=0,482; r=0,546) (cmH2O/%) arasında pozitif yönde anlamlı ilişki vardı. Baskın olmayan ekstre-mite duvar destekli oturma süresi ile MIP (r=0,534; r=0,548) (cmH2O/%), MEP (r=0,442) (%) arasında pozitif yönde anlamlı ilişki gözlemlendi (p≤0,05). Solunum kas enduransı ve ekspiratuar kas kuvveti değerleri (%53,4, p=0,001; r=0,764) kor kas enduransı üzerinde önemli bir etkiye sahiptir. Sonuç: Hentbol oyuncularında daha iyi postüral kontrol, kuvvet ve dayanıklılık için kor-solunum kası iş birliği içeren antrenmanlar geliştirilmelidir. Postüral stabiliteyi ve solunum fonksiyonunu iyileştirme-ye yönelik kapsamlı bir eğitim programının atletik performansa katkısı araştırılmalıdır.Background: Postural and respiratory control cooperation is crucial in handball, which requires high levels of postural control, strength, aerobic and respiratory endurance. In the literature, no study has been found that examines the relationship between respiratory and core endurance in handball players. This study aims to investigate the correlation between core muscle endurance and respira-tory muscle function in elite handball players. Materials and Methods: Twenty-four female handball players were (22.17±3.42 years) included in the study. Core endurance, pulmonary functions including Forced Vital Capacity (FVC), Forced Expiratory Volume in First Second (FEV1), FEV1/FVC, Peak Expiratory Flow (PEF), respiratory muscle endurance and strength (Maximal Inspiratory Pressure; MIP, Maximal Expiratory Pressure; MEP) were evaluated in players. Results: There were positive significant correlations between dominant wall sit hold test duration (s) and respiratory muscle performance, including respiratory muscle endurance (cmH2Oxs) (r=0.536) and duration (Tmax) (r=0.441), MIP (r=0.446; r=0.439), MEP (r=0.482;r=0.546) (cmH2O/%). The positive significant correlations were observed between non-dominant wall sit hold duration and MIP (r=0.534; r=0.548) (cmH2O/%), MEP (r=0.442) (%) (p≤0.05). The respiratory muscle endurance and expiratory muscle strength values (53.4%, p=0.001; r=0.764) have a significant influence on core muscle endurance. Conclusions: Trainings that include core-respiratory muscle cooperation should be developed for better postural control, strength and endurance in handball players. The contribution of a compre-hensive training program to improve postural stability and respiratory function on athletic perfor-mance should be investigated.[EN] Authors declared no financial support
Evaluation of Dietary Intake of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Patients Based on Severity
No full textKronik obstrüktif akciğer hastalığı (KOAH) tedavisinin bir parçası olarak, anti-inflamatuar gıdalar bakımından zengin beslenme düzenleri önerilir. Bu çalışmanın amacı, farklı evrelerdeki KOAH hastalarının beslenme alışkanlıklarını değerlendirmektir. KOAH tanısı alan, orta, ağır ve çok ağır olmak üzere farklı evrelerde, 50-80 yaş arası 65 hasta üzerinde kesitsel bir çalışma yapılmıştır. Katılımcıların beslenme alışkanlıkları 24 saatlik besin tüketim kayıtlarından elde edilmiştir. Enerji ve besin alımı, Türk Gıda Bileşenleri Veritabanı'nı kullanan BEBİS 8.1 beslenme analiz programıyla değerlendirilmiştir. Beslenme alışkanlıkları Türkiye Beslenme Rehberleri’nin önerileri ile karşılaştırılmıştır. Hastaların yaş ortalaması 65.16 ± 7.69 yıl olup, çoğunluğunun erkek olduğu saptanmıştır (%86.2, n=56). Ağır hastaların omega-3, enerji ve protein alımı en düşük seviyede olduğu bulunmuştur. Ortalama enerji alımı Beslenme Referans Alımı (DRA) %67.64 ± 33.11’ini karşılamıştır ve en düşük karşılama oranı ağır grupda saptanmıştır. Toplam enerji (r=-0.282), karbonhidrat (r=-0.258) ve sodyum alımı Zorlu Ekspiratuvar Volüm 1. Saniye/ Zorlu Vital Kapasite (FEV1/FVC) ile negatif korelasyon göstermiştir (p<0.05). Çalışma, ağır KOAH hastalarının enerji, protein, karbonhidrat ve omega-3 alımının düşük olduğunu, temel mikrobesin maddelerinin ise önerilen düzeylerin altında kaldığını buldu. Bu bulgular göz önüne alındığında, diyetisyenler KOAH hastalarının enerji ve protein ihtiyaçlarını doğru bir şekilde değerlendirmeli ve antioksidan desteği sağlamalıdır.ABSTRACT Dietary patterns high in anti-inflammatory foods are recommended as part of the treatment for Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). This study aims to assess the dietary intake of COPD at different severity levels. A cross-sectional study was conducted on 65 patients aged 50-80 diagnosed with COPD differen severity as moderate, severe and very severe. Participants' nutritional intake was calculated from 24-hour dietary recalls. Energy and nutritional intake were evaluated using the BEBIS 8.1 dietary analysis program, which utilizes the Turkish Food Composition Database. Dietary intake was compared against the Turkey Dietary Guidelines. The mean age of the patients was 65.16 ± 7.69 years, with the majority being male, 86.2% (n=56). Severe patients had the lowest intake of omega-3, energy, and protein. Energy intake meeting the Dietary Reference Intake (DRI) levels was 67.64 ± 33.11%, with the lowest in the severe group. Total energy (r=-0.282), carbohydrate (r=-0.258), and sodium intake were negatively correlated with Forced Expiratory Volume in 1 Second/ Forced Vital Capacity (FEV1/FVC), (p<0.05). The study found that patients with severe COPD have lower intake of energy, protein, carbohydrates, and omega-3, with essential micronutrients falling below 60% of recommended levels. Given these findings, Nutrition specialists should accurately assess the energy and protein needs of COPD patients and provide antioxidant support
Enzimatik Sentez Metodu Kullanılarak MWCNT ile Fonksiyonelleştirilen 2-Aminofluoren Tabanlı Malzemeler ve Organik Güneş Hücrelerine Uygulamaları
No full textThis research focuses on the synthesis and characterization of 2-Aminofluorene (PAF)-based compounds for their potential application in organic solar cells (OSCs). We present a novel enzymatic approach to the synthesis of PAF, which incorporates multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) at varying concentrations to modify and enhance the structural, electrical, chemical, and optical properties of the PAF matrix. The resultant modified compounds were subsequently incorporated into the active layer of OSC devices. Comprehensive characterization techniques, including scanning electron microscopy (SEM), UV-Vis spectroscopy, cyclic voltammetry (CV), and thermal analysis, were employed to evaluate the effects of MWCNT incorporation. Notably, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) analysis revealed that PAF3 exhibited the highest melting point (Tm) at 155.60 °C, while PAF1 demonstrated the highest glass transition temperature (Tg) at 26.14 °C, indicating favorable thermal stability and processing characteristics for these materials. Additionally, the energy gap (Egap) was found to be lowest for PAF3 at 5.51 eV, compared to PAF1, which exhibited an Egap of 7.65 eV, suggesting improved charge transport properties for PAF3. The results demonstrated significant enhancements in the photovoltaic performance parameters of the OSCs, underscoring the beneficial role of MWCNTs in optimizing the properties of PAF-based materials for solar energy applications.Bu araştırma, organik güneş hücrelerinde (OSC'ler) potansiyel uygulamaları için 2-aminofluoren (PAF) bazlı bileşiklerin sentezi ve karakterizasyonuna odaklanmaktadır. PAF matrisinin yapısal, elektriksel, kimyasal ve optik özelliklerini değiştirmek ve geliştirmek için çeşitli konsantrasyonlarda çok duvarlı karbon nanotüpleri (MWCNT) içeren PAF sentezine yönelik yeni bir enzimatik yaklaşım önermektedir. Elde edilen modifiye bileşikler daha sonra OSC cihazlarının aktif katmanına dahil edildi. Taramalı elektron mikroskobu (SEM), UV-Vis spektroskopisi, döngüsel voltametri (CV) ve termal analiz dahil olmak üzere kapsamlı karakterizasyon teknikleri, MWCNT dahil edilmesinin etkilerini değerlendirmek için kullanılmıştır. Özellikle, diferansiyel taramalı kalorimetri (DSC) analizi, PAF3'ün 155,60 °C'de en yüksek erime noktasını (Tm) gösterirken, PAF1'in 26,14 °C'de en yüksek cam geçiş sıcaklığını (Tg) gösterdiğini ortaya koymuş ve bu da bu malzemeler için olumlu termal kararlılık ve işleme özelliklerini göstermiştir. Ek olarak, enerji boşluğunun (Egap) PAF3 için 5,51 eV'de en düşük olduğu bulunmuştur; PAF1'in Egap'ı 7,65 eV idi ve bu da PAF3 için iyileştirilmiş yük taşıma özelliklerini önerilmiştir. Sonuçlar, OSC'lerin fotovoltaik performans parametrelerinde önemli iyileştirmeler göstererek, MWCNT'lerin güneş enerjisi uygulamaları için PAF bazlı malzemelerin özelliklerini optimize etmedeki yararlı rolünü vurgulamıştır
Integrated disaster management
No full textUntil recently, disaster management processes were generally focused on healing wounds. In this approach, emphasis was placed on response and recovery processes (crisis management) after disasters occurred. However, disasters have been experienced, and studies have shown that it is not correct to approach disasters only with a focus on crisis management (response and recovery), but pre-disaster risk reduction (mitigation and preparedness) studies are also very important for disaster resilience. The importance of disaster risk reduction strategies began to be emphasized more in international studies that started with The International Decade for Natural Disaster Reduction (IDNDR 1990-2000) and continued with the Yokohama Strategy (1994). In the ongoing process, the Hyogo Framework for Action (2005-2015) and, most recently, the Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction (2015-2030) have reiterated the importance of risk management for resilient communities within the framework of lessons learned. Although risk management is considered very important for disaster resilience in new disaster management strategies, it is not sufficient alone for successful disaster management. Preparedness, mitigation, response, and recovery processes, which are all stages of disaster management and risk and crisis management, need to be handled. The disaster management system formed by all these processes is called integrated disaster management. Integrated disaster management is based on the focus on preventing disasters, reducing their damage, and increasing resilience. This disaster management system increases the resilience of individuals, societies, and countries to disasters. © 2025 Nova Science Publishers, Inc. All rights reserved
Electronic, thermodynamic, and optical characterization of schiff base compound (C11H7IN2O2S)
No full textTotal energy optimization, electronic band structure, and thermodynamic and optical properties calculations for a Schiff base molecule (C11H7IN2O2S) have been performed using the first-principles Density functional (DFT) calculations. The electronic properties were investigated using theoretical techniques, revealing a moderate bandgap indicative of semiconducting behavior suitable for optoelectronic applications. The estimated band gap was about 1.85 eV. The calculated HOMO-LUMO energies show that charge transfer is done within the molecule. The thermodynamic analysis provided insights into the stability and thermal behavior of the compound, including parameters such as heat capacity, entropy, and Gibbs free energy, which confirmed its structural robustness under standard conditions. The optical properties were characterized by the dielectric function, refractive index, absorption coefficient, and optical conductivity. The compound exhibited strong absorption in the ultraviolet (UV) region, with a prominent absorption edge near similar to 1.8 eV and significant peaks at similar to 3.5 eV, highlighting its potential as a UV-sensitive material. The refractive index and reflectivity analysis demonstrated its efficient light interaction and propagation properties, while the plasmon energy loss function confirmed energy dissipation peaks in the UV range. These findings position the Schiff base compound as a promising candidate for advanced applications in optoelectronics, UV photodetectors, and energy-efficient photonic devices. The synergistic combination of electronic, thermodynamic, and optical attributes underscores the compound's versatility and utility in emerging technological fields