101,059 research outputs found
On geometry of spatial kinematics in Lorentzian space
No full textTurhan T. On geometry of spatial kinematics in Lorentzian space / T. Turhan, N. Ayyildiz // Algebraic and geometric methods of analysis: book of abstr. the Intern. sci. conf., Odessa, 31 May – 05 June 2017 / [Odesa Nat. Acad. of Food Technologies et al.]. – Odessa, 2017. – P. 96. – Ref.: 10 tit
Trapezoidal Type Fejér Inequalities Related to Harmonically Convex Functions and Application
No full textSome authors introduced the concepts of the harmonically arithmetic convex functions and establish some integral inequalities of Hermite Hadamard Fejér type related to the harmonically arithmetic convex functions. In this paper, a mapping M(t) is considered to get some preliminary results and a new trapezoidal form of Fejér inequality related to the harmonically arithmetic convex functions. By using a mapping M(t), the new theorems and corollaries are obtained. Taking advantage of these, applications were given for some real number averages
An assessment towards the acceptance of wearable technology to consumers in Turkey: the application to smart bra and t-shirt products
No full textThe study attempts to predict the dynamics that play a role in the process through which consumers accept wearable technology. A research model, in the form of a structural diagram, is proposed in search of the acceptance or buying intention of wearable technology via subjective norms, perceived usefulness, attitude towards the behaviour, perceived behavioural control and the related beliefs. In the study applied to smart bra and t-shirt products, the results show that subjective norms and attitudes towards behaviour are found significant in direct influence to buying intention, but perceived usefulness is not directly related to it. Perceived usefulness and behavioural control are found significant to indirect influence in buying intention through their effects on attitude. In addition, perceived behavioural control is directly related to attitude only for smart bras. In both the products, subjective norms, perceived usefulness, attitude and perceived behavioural control appear to be explained by a set of salient beliefs
Why did it work this time: a comparative analysis of transformation of Turkish economy after 2002
Get PDFTurkey had several unsuccessful stabilization efforts during 1980s and 1990s. Thanks to policies that were put into practice after the 2001 crisis, which constitutes a turning point for Turkish economy, fiscal discipline was restored, single digit inflation was reached, and yet growth rate was doubled compared to the previous decade average. As a result investment climate improved and the economy benefited from substantial amount of foreign direct investment and other long-term capital inflows. However these developments had some adverse side effects as well. Real appreciation of domestic currency, deterioration of trade balance, and increasing private indebtedness generated vulnerability for sudden stops. Beside, increasing global integration and very rapid shift in the economic circumstances caused difficulties for traditional sectors. This paper analyzes the Turkish experience after 2001 and identifies underlying dynamics of the restructuring program, while denoting the costs of this transition. Turkish case provides evidence in favor of disinflation programs combined with sound fiscal policies in spite of some adverse effects in the short run.Turkish Economy, Crisis, Stabilization Policy, Macroeconomic Performance
Letter, [Author unclear] to Paulina T. Merritt
No full textHandwritten letter to Paulina Merritt from an unknown author, October 1, 1876.
Vahvistusharhan ja aikataulupaineen vaikutukset ohjelmistojen testauksessa
No full textAbstractBackground: Confirmation bias is the tendency to search for evidence that confirms a person’s preconceptions. Confirmation bias among software testers is their tendency to validate the correct functioning of the program rather than testing it to reveal errors. Psychology literature suggests that time pressure may promote confirmation bias because time pressure impedes analytical processing of the task at hand. Time pressure is perceived negatively for its effects in software engineering (SE), therefore, its effect on confirmation bias may exacerbate software quality.Objective: We aim to examine confirmation bias among software testers. Additionally, we examine the effect of time pressure on confirmation bias and how time pressure affects the testers’ perception of the performance. We also question what other antecedents to confirmation bias exist in software testing and how they lead to it.Method: We first examined the state of the art research on cognitive biases in SE using systematic mapping. Then, we empirically examined the feasibility of using students in further experiments. An experiment with 42 students (novice professionals) investigated the manifestation of confirmation bias and whether time pressure promotes it. Another experiment with 87 novice professionals examined the perception of the performance of software testers under time pressure. A grounded theory study based on the interview-data of 12 practitioners explored other antecedents to confirmation bias in software testing and how they lead to it.Results: Time pressure emerged as a major antecedent to confirmation bias in the grounded theory. Testers prefer to validate the correct functioning of the program under time pressure. However, time pressure could not significantly promote confirmation bias among testers. Software testers significantly manifest confirmation bias irrespective of time pressure. The perception of performance is also sustained irrespective of time pressure.Conclusion: Testers should develop self-awareness of confirmation bias and improve their perception of performance to improve their actual testing. In the industry, automated testing may alleviate confirmation bias due to time pressure by rapidly executing the test suites.Original papersOriginal papers are not included in the electronic version of the dissertation.Mohanani, R., Salman, I., Turhan, B., Rodriguez, P., & Ralph, P. (2018). Cognitive Biases in Software Engineering: A Systematic Mapping Study. IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering, 1-24. https://doi.org/10.1109/TSE.2018.2877759Self-archived versionSalman, I., Misirli, A. T., & Juristo, N. (2015). Are Students Representatives of Professionals in Software Engineering Experiments? Proceedings of the 37th IEEE International Conference on Software Engineering (ICSE) (Vol. 1, pp. 666-676). https://doi.org/10.1109/ICSE.2015.82Salman, I., Turhan, B., & Vegas, S. (2018). A Controlled Experiment on Time Pressure and Confirmation Bias in Functional Software Testing. Empirical Software Engineering, 24(4), 1727-1761. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10664-018-9668-8 Self-archived versionSalman, I., & Turhan, B. (2018). Effect of Time-pressure on Perceived and Actual Performance in Functional Software Testing. Proceedings of the International Conference on the Software and Systems Process (ICSSP’18) (pp. 130-139). https://doi.org/10.1145/3202710.3203148Self-archived versionSalman, I., Rodriguez, P., Turhan, B., Tosun, A., & Gureller, A. (2019) What Leads to a Confirmatory or Disconfirmatory Behaviour of Software Testers?. Manuscript submitted for publication. https://doi.org/10.1109/TSE.2020.3019892Self-archived versionTiivistelmäTausta: Vahvistusharha tarkoittaa taipumusta hakea ennakko-odotuksia vahvistavaa todistusaineistoa. Ohjelmistotestaajien vahvistusharha tarkoittaa taipumusta varmistaa ohjelmiston oikea toiminta mieluummin kuin hakea siitä virheitä. Psykologinen tutkimus esittää, että aikataulupaine voi lisätä vahvistusharhaa heikentämällä työn analyyttista tarkastelua. Aikataulupainetta pidetään ohjelmistotekniikan soveltamiseen kielteisesti vaikuttavana asiana, minkä johdosta sen vaikutus vahvistusharhaan voi heikentää ohjelmiston laatua.Tavoite: Tarkastelimme ohjelmistotestaajien vahvistusharhaa tutkimalla aikataulupaineen vaikutusta vahvistusharhaan ja testaajien käsitykseen testauksen tehokkuudesta. Lisäksi kysymme, mitkä muut tekijät johtavat ohjelmistotestauksen vahvistusharhaan, ja millä tavoin.Menetelmä: Ensiksi tarkastelimme ohjelmistotekniikan kognitiivisten harhojen viimeisintä tutkimusta systemaattista kirjallisuuskartoituksella. Sitten tutkimme kokeellisesti, miten yliopisto-opiskelijat soveltuvat käytettäväksi tutkimusjoukkona vahvistusharhan kokeellisessa tutkimuksessa. Kokeellinen tutkimus, johon osallistui 42 opiskelijaa (aloittelevaa ammattilaista), tarkasteli vahvistusharhan lisääntymistä aikataulupaineen vaikutuksesta. Toinen kokeellinen tutkimus, johon osallistui 87 aloittelevaa ammattilaista, tarkasteli ohjelmistotestaajien käsitystä testauksen tehokkuudesta aikataulupaineen alla. Kahdeltatoista ammattilaiselta haastattelemalla kerätystä tutkimusaineistosta tarkasteltiin ankkuroidun teorian menetelmällä muiden mahdollisten tekijöiden vaikutusta vahvistusharhaan.Tulokset: Ankkuroidussa teoriassa aikataulupaine osoittautui merkittäväksi vahvistusharhan tekijäksi. Ammattimaiset ohjelmistotestaajat haluavat mieluummin validoida ohjelmiston oikean toiminnan aikataulupaineessa. Toisessa kokeellisessa tutkimuksessa aikataulupaine ei kuitenkaan lisännyt merkittävästi testaajien vahvistusharhaa, vaan testaajien vahvistusharha ilmeni merkittävästi aikataulupaineista riippumatta. Myös käsitys työn tehokkuudesta säilyi riippumatta aikataulupaineesta.Johtopäätös: Ohjelmistotestaajien on syytä kehittää tietoisuuttaan vahvistusharhasta ja parantaa käsitystään työn tehokkuudesta parantaakseen testaustyötä. Teollisuudessa automaattinen testaus voi lieventää aikataulupaineen aiheuttamaa vahvistusharhaa nopeuttamalla testisarjoja.OsajulkaisutOsajulkaisut eivät sisälly väitöskirjan elektroniseen versioon.Mohanani, R., Salman, I., Turhan, B., Rodriguez, P., & Ralph, P. (2018). Cognitive Biases in Software Engineering: A Systematic Mapping Study. IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering, 1-24. https://doi.org/10.1109/TSE.2018.2877759Rinnakkaistallennettu versioSalman, I., Misirli, A. T., & Juristo, N. (2015). Are Students Representatives of Professionals in Software Engineering Experiments? Proceedings of the 37th IEEE International Conference on Software Engineering (ICSE) (Vol. 1, pp. 666-676). https://doi.org/10.1109/ICSE.2015.82Salman, I., Turhan, B., & Vegas, S. (2018). A Controlled Experiment on Time Pressure and Confirmation Bias in Functional Software Testing. Empirical Software Engineering, 24(4), 1727-1761. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10664-018-9668-8 Rinnakkaistallennettu versioSalman, I., & Turhan, B. (2018). Effect of Time-pressure on Perceived and Actual Performance in Functional Software Testing. Proceedings of the International Conference on the Software and Systems Process (ICSSP’18) (pp. 130-139). https://doi.org/10.1145/3202710.3203148Rinnakkaistallennettu versioSalman, I., Rodriguez, P., Turhan, B., Tosun, A., & Gureller, A. (2019) What Leads to a Confirmatory or Disconfirmatory Behaviour of Software Testers?. Manuscript submitted for publication. https://doi.org/10.1109/TSE.2020.3019892Rinnakkaistallennettu versioAcademic dissertation to be presented with the assent of the Doctoral Training Committee of Information Technology and Electrical Engineering of the University of Oulu for public defence in the OP-Pohjola auditorium (L6), Linnanmaa, on 11 December 2019, at 12 noonAbstract
Background: Confirmation bias is the tendency to search for evidence that confirms a person’s preconceptions. Confirmation bias among software testers is their tendency to validate the correct functioning of the program rather than testing it to reveal errors. Psychology literature suggests that time pressure may promote confirmation bias because time pressure impedes analytical processing of the task at hand. Time pressure is perceived negatively for its effects in software engineering (SE), therefore, its effect on confirmation bias may exacerbate software quality.
Objective: We aim to examine confirmation bias among software testers. Additionally, we examine the effect of time pressure on confirmation bias and how time pressure affects the testers’ perception of the performance. We also question what other antecedents to confirmation bias exist in software testing and how they lead to it.
Method: We first examined the state of the art research on cognitive biases in SE using systematic mapping. Then, we empirically examined the feasibility of using students in further experiments. An experiment with 42 students (novice professionals) investigated the manifestation of confirmation bias and whether time pressure promotes it. Another experiment with 87 novice professionals examined the perception of the performance of software testers under time pressure. A grounded theory study based on the interview-data of 12 practitioners explored other antecedents to confirmation bias in software testing and how they lead to it.
Results: Time pressure emerged as a major antecedent to confirmation bias in the grounded theory. Testers prefer to validate the correct functioning of the program under time pressure. However, time pressure could not significantly promote confirmation bias among testers. Software testers significantly manifest confirmation bias irrespective of time pressure. The perception of performance is also sustained irrespective of time pressure.
Conclusion: Testers should develop self-awareness of confirmation bias and improve their perception of performance to improve their actual testing. In the industry, automated testing may alleviate confirmation bias due to time pressure by rapidly executing the test suites.Tiivistelmä
Tausta: Vahvistusharha tarkoittaa taipumusta hakea ennakko-odotuksia vahvistavaa todistusaineistoa. Ohjelmistotestaajien vahvistusharha tarkoittaa taipumusta varmistaa ohjelmiston oikea toiminta mieluummin kuin hakea siitä virheitä. Psykologinen tutkimus esittää, että aikataulupaine voi lisätä vahvistusharhaa heikentämällä työn analyyttista tarkastelua. Aikataulupainetta pidetään ohjelmistotekniikan soveltamiseen kielteisesti vaikuttavana asiana, minkä johdosta sen vaikutus vahvistusharhaan voi heikentää ohjelmiston laatua.
Tavoite: Tarkastelimme ohjelmistotestaajien vahvistusharhaa tutkimalla aikataulupaineen vaikutusta vahvistusharhaan ja testaajien käsitykseen testauksen tehokkuudesta. Lisäksi kysymme, mitkä muut tekijät johtavat ohjelmistotestauksen vahvistusharhaan, ja millä tavoin.
Menetelmä: Ensiksi tarkastelimme ohjelmistotekniikan kognitiivisten harhojen viimeisintä tutkimusta systemaattista kirjallisuuskartoituksella. Sitten tutkimme kokeellisesti, miten yliopisto-opiskelijat soveltuvat käytettäväksi tutkimusjoukkona vahvistusharhan kokeellisessa tutkimuksessa. Kokeellinen tutkimus, johon osallistui 42 opiskelijaa (aloittelevaa ammattilaista), tarkasteli vahvistusharhan lisääntymistä aikataulupaineen vaikutuksesta. Toinen kokeellinen tutkimus, johon osallistui 87 aloittelevaa ammattilaista, tarkasteli ohjelmistotestaajien käsitystä testauksen tehokkuudesta aikataulupaineen alla. Kahdeltatoista ammattilaiselta haastattelemalla kerätystä tutkimusaineistosta tarkasteltiin ankkuroidun teorian menetelmällä muiden mahdollisten tekijöiden vaikutusta vahvistusharhaan.
Tulokset: Ankkuroidussa teoriassa aikataulupaine osoittautui merkittäväksi vahvistusharhan tekijäksi. Ammattimaiset ohjelmistotestaajat haluavat mieluummin validoida ohjelmiston oikean toiminnan aikataulupaineessa. Toisessa kokeellisessa tutkimuksessa aikataulupaine ei kuitenkaan lisännyt merkittävästi testaajien vahvistusharhaa, vaan testaajien vahvistusharha ilmeni merkittävästi aikataulupaineista riippumatta. Myös käsitys työn tehokkuudesta säilyi riippumatta aikataulupaineesta.
Johtopäätös: Ohjelmistotestaajien on syytä kehittää tietoisuuttaan vahvistusharhasta ja parantaa käsitystään työn tehokkuudesta parantaakseen testaustyötä. Teollisuudessa automaattinen testaus voi lieventää aikataulupaineen aiheuttamaa vahvistusharhaa nopeuttamalla testisarjoja
Turhan Baytop (1920-2002): A pioneer historian of pharmacy from Turkey
No full textTurhan Baytop, a Turkish professor of pharmacognosy (the scientific study of crude drugs of animal, vegetable, and mineral origin), received international acclaim not only for his contributions in collecting and identifying the Anatolian plants, but also for his extensive research shedding light on the history of Turkish pharmacy. As a devoted researcher, collector, and lecturer, T Baytop was a genuine pioneer of the history of pharmacy as a discipline in Turkey
Four commentaries on the use of students and professionals in empirical software engineering experiments
Get PDFThe relative pros and cons of using students or practitioners in experiments in empirical software engineering have been discussed for a long time and continue to be an important topic. Following the recent publication of “Empirical software engineering experts on the use of students and professionals in experiments” by Falessi, Juristo, Wohlin, Turhan, Münch, Jedlitschka, and Oivo (EMSE, February 2018) we received a commentary by Sjøberg and Bergersen. Given that the topic is of great methodological interest to the community and requires nuanced treatment, we invited two editorial board members, Martin Shepperd and Per Runeson, respectively, to provide additional views
Handwritten biographical information on Paulina T. McClung Merritt
No full textA handwritten biography of Paulina T. McClung Merritt by an unknown author, 1892.
Heterogeneous and tissue-specific regulation of effector T cell responses by IFN-gamma during Plasmodium berghei ANKA infection.
Get PDFIFN-γ and T cells are both required for the development of experimental cerebral malaria during Plasmodium berghei ANKA infection. Surprisingly, however, the role of IFN-γ in shaping the effector CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cell response during this infection has not been examined in detail. To address this, we have compared the effector T cell responses in wild-type and IFN-γ(-/-) mice during P. berghei ANKA infection. The expansion of splenic CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells during P. berghei ANKA infection was unaffected by the absence of IFN-γ, but the contraction phase of the T cell response was significantly attenuated. Splenic T cell activation and effector function were essentially normal in IFN-γ(-/-) mice; however, the migration to, and accumulation of, effector CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells in the lung, liver, and brain was altered in IFN-γ(-/-) mice. Interestingly, activation and accumulation of T cells in various nonlymphoid organs was differently affected by lack of IFN-γ, suggesting that IFN-γ influences T cell effector function to varying levels in different anatomical locations. Importantly, control of splenic T cell numbers during P. berghei ANKA infection depended on active IFN-γ-dependent environmental signals--leading to T cell apoptosis--rather than upon intrinsic alterations in T cell programming. To our knowledge, this is the first study to fully investigate the role of IFN-γ in modulating T cell function during P. berghei ANKA infection and reveals that IFN-γ is required for efficient contraction of the pool of activated T cells
- …
