1,721,380 research outputs found
El microclima urbano en los espacios abiertos: estudio de casos en Madrid
Get PDFEl microclima urbano juega un rol importante en el consumo energético de los edificios y en las sensaciones de confort en los espacios exteriores. La urgente necesidad de aumentar la eficiencia energética, reducir las emisiones de los contaminantes y paliar la evidente falta de sostenibilidad que afecta a las ciudades, ha puesto la atención en el urbanismo bioclimático como referente para una propuesta de cambio en la forma de diseñar y vivir la ciudad. Hasta ahora las investigaciones en temas de microclima y eficiencia energética se han concentrado principalmente en como orientar el diseño de nuevos desarrollo. Sin embargo los principales problemas de la insostenibilidad de las actuales conurbaciones son el resultado del modelo de crecimiento especulativo y altamente agotador de recursos que han caracterizado el boom inmobiliario de las últimas décadas. Vemos entonces, tanto en España como en el resto de los Países Europeos, la necesidad de reorientar el sector de la construcción hacía la rehabilitación del espacio construido, como una alternativa capaz de dar una solución más sostenible para el mercado inmobiliario. En este propósito de mejorar la calidad de las ciudades actuales, el espacio público juega un papel fundamental, sobre todo como lugar para el encuentro y la socialización entre los ciudadanos. La sensación térmica condiciona la percepción de un ambiente, así que el microclima puede ser determinante para el éxito o el fracaso de un espacio urbano. Se plantea entonces cómo principal objetivo de la investigación, la definición de estrategias para el diseño bioclimático de los entornos urbanos construidos, fundamentados en las componentes morfotipológica, climática y de los requerimientos de confort para los ciudadanos. Como ulterior elemento de novedad se decide estudiar la rehabilitación de los barrios de construcción de mediado del siglo XX, que en muchos casos constituyen bolsas de degrado en la extendida periferia de las ciudades modernas. La metodología empleada para la investigación se basa en la evaluación de las condiciones climáticas y de confort térmico de diferentes escenarios de proyecto, aplicados a tres casos de estudio situados en un barrio periurbano de la ciudad de Madrid. Para la determinación de los parámetros climáticos se han empleado valores obtenidos con un proceso de simulación computarizada, basados en los principios de fluidodinámica, termodinámica y del intercambio radioactivo en el espacio construido. A través de uso de programas de simulación podemos hacer una previsión de las condiciones microclimáticas de las situaciones actuales y de los efectos de la aplicación de medidas. La gran ventaja en el uso de sistemas de cálculo es que se pueden evaluar diferentes escenarios de proyecto y elegir entre ellos el que asegura mejores prestaciones ambientales. Los resultados obtenidos en los diferentes escenarios han sido comparados con los valores de confort del estado actual, utilizando como indicador de la sensación térmica el índice UTCI. El análisis comparativo ha permitido la realización de una tabla de resumen donde se muestra la evaluación de las diferentes soluciones de rehabilitación. Se ha podido así demostrar que no existe una solución constructiva eficaz para todas las aplicaciones, sino que cada situación debe ser estudiada individualmente, aplicando caso por caso las medidas más oportunas. Si bien los sistemas de simulación computarizada pueden suponer un importante apoyo para la fase de diseño, es responsabilidad del proyectista emplear las herramientas más adecuadas en cada fase y elegir las soluciones más oportunas para cumplir con los objetivos del proyecto. The urban microclimate plays an important role on buildings energy consumption and comfort sensation in exterior spaces. Nowadays, cities need to increase energy efficiency, reduce the pollutants emissions and mitigate the evident lack of sustainability. In reason of this, attention has focused on the bioclimatic urbanism as a reference of change proposal of the way to design and live the city. Hitherto, the researches on microclimate and energy efficiency have mainly concentrated on guiding the design of new constructions. However the main problems of unsustainability of existing conurbations are the result of the growth model highly speculative and responsible of resources depletion that have characterized the real estate boom of recent decades. In Spain and other European countries, become define the need to redirect the construction sector towards urban refurbishment. This alternative is a more sustainable development model and is able to provide a solution for the real estate sector. In order to improve the quality of today's cities, the public space plays a key role, especially in order to provide to citizens places for meeting and socializing. The thermal sensation affects the environment perception, so microclimate conditions can be decisive for the success or failure of urban space. For this reasons, the main objective of this work is focused on the definition of bioclimatic strategies for existing urban spaces, based on the morpho-typological components, climate and comfort requirements for citizens. As novelty element, the regeneration of neighborhoods built in middle of the twentieth century has been studied, because are the major extended in periphery of modern cities and, in many cases, they represent deprived areas. The research methodology is based on the evaluation of climatic conditions and thermal comfort of different project scenarios, applied to three case studies located in a suburban neighborhood of Madrid. The climatic parameters have been obtained by computer simulation process, based on fluid dynamics, thermodynamics and radioactive exchange in urban environment using numerical approach. The great advantage in the use of computing systems is the capacity for evaluate different project scenarios. The results in the different scenarios were compared with the comfort value obtained in the current state, using the UTCI index as indicator of thermal sensation. Finally, an abacus of the thermal comfort improvement obtained by different countermeasures has been performed. One of the major achievement of doctoral work is the demonstration of there are not any design solution suitable for different cases. Each situation should be analyzed and specific design measures should be proposed. Computer simulation systems can be a significant support and help the designer in the decision making phase. However, the election of the most suitable tools and the appropriate solutions for each case is designer responsibility
Acopio de cereal y almacenes de ramos generales en el sur de santa fe (1880-1970). Racionalidad empresarial y configuración de mercado regional
Get PDFn.d.Fil: Tumini, Evangelina Inés . Facultad de Ciencias Económicas y Estadística - Universidad Nacional de Rosario - Argentin
Some comments upon the contributions of Oral History to the historiography
No full textFil: Cristiá, Lucía. Universidad Nacional de Rosario; ArgentinaFil: Tumini, Evangelina. Universidad Nacional de Rosario; Argentin
The Effect of Electronic Word of Mouth and Price on Purchase Decision Mie Ayam Bu Tumini at Yogyakarta
Get PDFThis study aims to examine the effect of electronic word of mouth and price on purchase decision Mie Ayam Bu Tumini at Yogyakarta. The respondents in this study were consumers at Yogyakarta. The number of respondents in this study were 115 respondents. Sampling was done by purposive sampling technique. This study uses multiple linear regression analysis technique with SPSS as an analytical tool.
The results of multiple linear regression test showed that: 1) Electronic word of mouth partially had a significant effect on purchase decision Mie Ayam Bu Tumini at Yogyakarta. 2) Price partially has a significant effect on purchase decision Mie Ayam Bu Tumini at Yogyakarta. 3) Electronic word of mouth and price simultaneously have a significant effect on purchase decision Mie Ayam Bu Tumini at Yogyakarta.
Keywords: Electronic Word of Mouth, Price, Purchase Decision.This study aims to examine the effect of electronic word of mouth and price on purchase decision Mie Ayam Bu Tumini at Yogyakarta. The respondents in this study were consumers at Yogyakarta. The number of respondents in this study were 115 respondents. Sampling was done by purposive sampling technique. This study uses multiple linear regression analysis technique with SPSS as an analytical tool.
The results of multiple linear regression test showed that: 1) Electronic word of mouth partially had a significant effect on purchase decision Mie Ayam Bu Tumini at Yogyakarta. 2) Price partially has a significant effect on purchase decision Mie Ayam Bu Tumini at Yogyakarta. 3) Electronic word of mouth and price simultaneously have a significant effect on purchase decision Mie Ayam Bu Tumini at Yogyakarta.
Keywords: Electronic Word of Mouth, Price, Purchase Decision
Strategie di routing e prestazioni di sistemi Voice over IP implementati con soluzioni Open Source
No full textOptimization through the life cycle costs analysis - Social housing retrofitting in Italy
No full textStudies on public housing show that the existent stock requires big inversion for buildings renovation and energy consumption. In spite of high cost, public housing suffer low quality and poor levels of comfort. The objective of this work is research the inefficiency causes and proposes the building refurbishment as strategy for existing housing stock and Public Housing renovation plan in the north of Italy. We assess two interventions (renovation of heritage building and renovation of recent building) with the aim to reduce consumption and improve living comfort.
In building renovation projects, it is essential to re-define the thermal envelope. For this reason the buildings performance analysis focuses only in the energy efficiency, giving emphasis to building envelopment and costs. Various retrofit option are be identified arising from Italian currently use to determine the energy and CO2 saving amount. Therefore, we will try to provide the life cycle cost analysis, via energy simulation to determine the economic viability of intervention proposal. The case studies, renovation of a public housing built in the '60s and the Historic housing construction, differ substantially. In either case, we will identify and quantify the processes to obtain various energy performance (determined by the Energy Performance Certification)
Natural disaster and informality (re)production in Chile
Get PDFThis paper addresses the crucial need to gather more in-depth knowledge on the social construction of hazard by exploring risk exposition in informal settlements. The confluence of certain hazard conditions and inherent or contextual vulnerability configurations increases exponentially the risk of damages in the case of calamitous events. This suggests that the eradication of urban informality may contribute to reduce the vulnerability to natural hazards as well. This study proposes the use of the Geography of Opportunity and the Basic Liveability approach to understand the processes triggering the (re)production of informality and, more specifically, the factors driving settlements localisation into hazard-exposed areas. Two Chilean cities have been taken as case studies, as they constitute a paradigmatic example of social construction of hazard in Latin-America. The proposed case studies allow us to analyse the residential deficit and informality eradication policies in Chile. As a result, we observed that informal settlements are strategically located in relation to the structure of metropolitan opportunities, but the trade-off for this is the occupation of marginal and hazard-exposed areas. The conclusions give some recommendations in order to support policymakers to provide more comprehensive urban planning and risk management strategies to face future challenges, involving issues as urban poverty, social inequality and housing policy in addition to aspects related to pure hazard exposition
AIR QUALITY ASSESSMENT OF SMART-SUSTAINABLE CITIES AND INNOVATIVE SENSORS SYSTEM
No full text1. Introduction Many studies describe different types of sensors and methods used for air quality monitoring, impact and exposure of an individual to air pollution, interpolation, and calibration techniques on collected data [1]. Pollution monitoring is of huge importance to environmental protection and in health effects estimates. The Air Quality Monitoring (AQM) stations network has limited ability to account for spatial variability of pollution levels in heterogeneous regions such as urban areas, which in return, renders exposure assessment a very difficult task [2]. The interest in widespread environmental monitoring is limited in the implementation of smart and sustainable city projects despite the great importance given to climate change. While monitoring technology is proliferating, thanks to the decrease in sensor costs and the diffusion of different types of technological devices, research to inform the translation of air sensor data into information that might guide an individual's decisions about daily activities remains limited [3]. At the same time, the demand for rapid detecting biosensor will increase in the near future [4]. Starting from the recent literature on bio-sensoristic and chemo-sensoristic devices for detection of environmental contaminants, the paper tries to highlight how without a quality monitoring and diagnostic system identifying chemical and biochemical substances in the environmental matrix the goal of a smart city will be missed. With this purpose, we examine a series of smart city projects focusing on the theme of environmental pollution and applied sensor technologies. 2. Methods After selecting ten case studies in the Italian context, following the criteria of demographic dimension of the city and the presence in the first positions of the international rankings related to smart cities, we assess the smart environment (based on the Giffinger components of Smart City [5]). The assessment focuses on sensors technology and its applications in the case studies, and on the ability to make the city evolve towards greater environmental sustainability and quality of life of its inhabitants. The assessment approach is based on the multi-criteria decision aid theory, specifically using the Multi-Criteria Decision Aid Constructive Approach (MCDA-C). 3. Results and discussion According to the literature, application of low cost sensors/monitors have already changed the paradigm of air pollution monitoring, and application of these technologies is set to grow. In real case study, the full potential of existing projects is not achieved. However, only by analysing what has been done and its impacts is it possible to identify existing problems and ensure that the integration of intelligent innovation helps users and service providers to make better decisions and take decision in real time. In this sense, the integration between monitoring networks and data collected by citizens is still in an ancillary phase, also due to the need for an expert intelligence that re-elaborates and provides suitable indicators to influence individual behaviour without creating alarmism. 4. Conclusions The paper described an analysis of smart city projects for the sole component of environmental pollution and focused on the use of innovative sensors and sensor networks in Italy and on a sample of 10 cities selected according to the size demographic criterion and presence in national and international rankings on smart cities. The assessment of the projects was based on adherence to the achievement of sustainability and the quality of life of citizens. We have applied Multi-Criteria Decision Aid Constructive Approach (MCDA-C). The results showed a fair distance between the capacity of existing technologies and described in literature and reality. References [1] S. Singla, D. Bansal, A. Misra and G. Raheja, “Towards an integrated framework for air quality monitoring and exposure estimation—a review,” Environment Monitoring and Assessment, pp. 1-21, 2018. [2] S. Rao, V. Chirkov, F. Dentener, R. Van Dingenen, S. Pachauri, P. Purohit, M. Amann, C. Heyes, P. Kinney, P. Kolp, Z. Klimont, K. Riahi and W. Schoepp, “Environmental modeling and methods for estimation of the global health impacts of air pollution.,” Environmental Modeling & Assessment, vol. 17, no. 6, pp. 613-622, 2012. [3] B. J. Hubbell, A. Kaufman, L. Rivers, K. Schulted, G. Hagler, J. Clougherty, W. Cascio and D. Costa, “Understanding social and behavioral drivers and impacts of air quality sensor use,” Science of the Total Environment, pp. 866-894, 2018. [4] G. Hernandez-Vargas, J. E. Sosa-Hernández, S. Saldarriaga-Hernandez, A. M. Villalba-Rodríguez, R. Parra-Saldivar and H. M. N. Iqbal, "Electrochemical Biosensors: A Solution to Pollution Detection with Reference to Environmental Contaminants," Biosensors, vol. 8, no. 29, pp. 1-21, 2018. [5] R. Giffinger and H. Lü, The Smart City perspective: A necessary change from technical to urban innovation (First), Milano: Fondazione Giangiacomo Feltrinelli, 2015
Open Elderly Man Care [OEMC] La gestione dell'assistenza agli anziani non autosufficienti: il portale OPEN DATA per il monitoraggio dei costi delle prestazioni sanitarie nelle Residenze Sanitarie Assistenziali
Get PDFNelle società occidentali si verifica un prolungamento della speranza di vita, un abbassamento della natalità ed un innalzamento delle difficoltà nella ricerca di un'occupazione; gli apparati previdenziali e assistenziali assorbono sempre più risorse e ciò comporta un aumento dei costi sociali. Risulta necessaria una revisione dei processi legati alla previdenza sociale. Open Elderly Man Care è una soluzione che prevede la progettazione di un portale web per permettere la pubblicazione di dati sullo stato dell'assistenza degli anziani non autosufficienti in Italia ed un sistema di update degli Open Data per mezzo di Apps come supporto agli operatori sa-nitari. Per organizzare al meglio le specifiche di progetto sono stati raccolti vari dati sulla base della realtà marchigiana che hanno permesso la caratterizzazione di quattro macro aree le quali andranno a costituire gli input nel portale Open Elderly Man Care: sedi delle RSA, patologie degli anziani, costi unitari delle patologie, nu-mero di pazienti per le singole RSA. L’obiettivo è quello di rendere trasparente nei riguardi dei cittadini i costi sostenuti nelle singole RSA
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