179,249 research outputs found
Exhumation history of eastern Ladakh revealed by Ar-40/Ar-39 and fission-track ages: the Indus River-Tso Morari transect, NW Himalaya
No full textFission-track and Ar-40/Ar-39 ages place time constraints on the exhumation of the North Himalayan nappe stack, the Indus Suture Zone and Molasse, and the Transhimalayan Batholith in eastern Ladakh (NW India). Results from this and previous studies on a north-south transect passing near Tso Morari Lake suggest that the SW-directed North Himalayan nappe stack (comprising the Mata, Tetraogal and Tso Morari nappes) was emplaced and metamorphosed by c. 50-45 Ma, and exhumed to moderately shallow depths (c. 10 km) by c. 45-40 Ma. From the mid-Eocene to the present, exhumation continued at a steady and slow rate except for the root zone of the Tso Morari nappe, which cooled faster than the rest of the nappe stack. Rapid cooling occurred at c. 20 Ma and is linked to brittle deformation along the normal Ribil-Zildat Fault concomitant with extrusion of the Crystalline nappe in the south. Data from the Indus Molasse suggest that sediments were still being deposited during the Miocene
An interview with Scott Pomeroy M.D.
No full textThis oral history may be streamed from the Winkler Center websiteAn interview with Scott Pomeroy M.D./Ph.D. interviewed by Michael Behbchani Ph.D. and Patrick Tso Ph.D. May 14, 2010. This video was a part of the Henry R. Winkler Center Oral History series
Mathematizing C++ concurrency
No full textShared-memory concurrency in C and C++ is pervasive in systems programming, but has long been poorly defined. This motivated an ongoing shared effort by the standards committees to specify concurrent behaviour in the next versions of both languages. They aim to provide strong guarantees for race-free programs, together with new (but subtle) relaxed-memory atomic primitives for high-performance concurrent code. However, the current draft standards, while the result of careful deliberation, are not yet clear and rigorous definitions, and harbour substantial problems in their details.
In this paper we establish a mathematical (yet readable) semantics for C++ concurrency. We aim to capture the intent of the current (`Final Committee') Draft as closely as possible, but discuss changes that fix many of its problems. We prove that a proposed x86 implementation of the concurrency primitives is correct with respect to the x86-TSO model, and describe our Cppmem tool for exploring the semantics of examples, using code generated from our Isabelle/HOL definitions.
Having already motivated changes to the draft standard, this work will aid discussion of any further changes, provide a correctness condition for compilers, and give a much-needed basis for analysis and verification of concurrent C and C++ programs
TACIS R/TSO/VVER-01C Project Licensing Related Assessment of Reactor Vessel Embrittlement Workshop Paper
No full textThis paper summarizes the main results of the TACIS Project R/TSO/VVER 01 C "project on licensing related assessment for design and operational safety of VVER (Subtask C on Embrittlement)", and has been made in the framework of the TACIS Project R8.01/98 "Dissemination of TACIS Results".JRC.F.5 - Nuclear Reactor Safety Assessmen
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
No full textWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Structural and electrical property of indium tin oxide grown on M、R-sapphire by fast plused laser deposition
No full text以快速脈衝雷射蒸鍍法(fast plused laser deposition,FPLD)成長銦錫氧化物(Indium tin oxide, ITO)薄膜在M-plane(100)和R-plane(012)的氧化鋁(sapphire)基板上。在本研究中，鍍膜時控制背景氧壓(PO2)在5x10-3~5x10-5 torr，同時，基板溫度(Ts)在750oC~500oC之間。
以x光粉末繞、高解析光源、φ掃描分析ITO薄膜結構，發現其偏好方向強烈地決定於成長條件。
在高溫高壓下，單晶(110)ITO成功地成長在M面與R面的氧化鋁基板上。反之，在低溫或低壓的環境下，晶格方向呈現多晶序包含(111)與(100)。
在φ掃描中，二重對稱的{662}ITO平行{110}M-plane氧化鋁基板，說明交界面關係為：「ITO[001]//Al2O3[020]和ITO[1-10]// Al2O3[001]」。另一方面，對R-plane氧化鋁基板而言，{662}ITO同時出現在{125}Al2O3兩邊各夾約47o，說明交界面關係為：「ITO[001]//Al2O3[9/4,3/2,-3/4]、ITO[1-10]//Al2O3[-1,2,-1]」或「ITO[001]// Al2O3[-3/4,-3/2,3/4]、ITO[1-10]// Al2O3[3,2,-1]」。
以霍爾效應與Van der Pauw四點量測技術測量ITO薄膜電性。所有的樣品皆為低電阻率在10-4 (Ωcm)數量級、載子濃度約為1020 (cm-3)數量級，而遷移率範圍在60到100 (cm2/Vs)之間Indium tin oxide (ITO) thin films have been deposited using fast plused laser deposition (FPLD) on M-plane(100) and R-plane(012) sapphire under identical conditions. The oxygen pressure (PO2) was varied from 5x10-3 torr to 5x10-5 torr while the substrate temperature (Ts) from 700oC to 500oC for the growth conditions used in this study.
The structural property of ITO films was analyzed by X-ray powder diffraction, high resolution rocking curve and φ-scan. It has been found that the preferred orientation of these films strongly depends on the growth conditions.
At high substrate temperature and high oxygen pressure, single-crystalline (110)ITO were grown on M-plane and R-plane sapphire substrates successfully. Otherwise, poly-crystalline ITO including (111) and (100) appeared at low substrate temperature or low oxygen pressure.
In φ-scan measurement, the two-fold {662}ITO coincide with the {110}of M-plane substrate, indicating an in-plane epitaxial relationship: ITO[001]//Al2O3[020] and ITO[1-10]// Al2O3[001]. On the other hand, for the R-plane substrate, the {662}ITO appears on both side of {125}Al2O3 by ~47o, indicating an in-plane epitaxial relationship: ITO[001]//Al2O3[2,1,-1/2] 、ITO[1-10]//Al2O3[-4/3,4/3,-2/3] or ITO[001]//Al2O3[1,-1,1/2]、ITO[1-10]//Al2O3[8/3,4/3,-2/3].
The electrical property was measured by the Hall effect and four-point probe technique. All of the samples have low electrical resistivity on the order of 10-4 (Ωcm), high carrier concentration of about 1020 (cm-3), and mobility ranging from 60 to 100 (cm2/Vs).封面 ⅰ
致謝 ⅱ
中文摘要 ⅲ
英文摘要 ⅳ
第一章 簡介01
第二章 實驗04
2.1 靶材製備04
2.2 氧化鋁基板05
2.3 快速脈衝雷射蒸鍍06
2.4 實驗製程08
第三章 結果09
3.1 X光繞射09
3.1.1 X光產生原理09
3.1.2 布拉格定律11
3.1.3 粉末繞射實驗結果12
3.1.4 High resolution rocking curve高解析光源15
3.1.5 φ掃描原理16
3.1.6 φ掃描結果18
3.2 膜厚儀22
3.3 電性測量23
3.3.1 霍爾效應23
3.3.2 Van der Pauw method24
3.3.3 電性結果26
第四章 結論30
參考文獻31
附錄3
"Closing the R&D Gap, Evaluating the Sources of R&D Spending"
No full textBoth spending and tax policies have been implemented in the United States with the goal of stimulating private sector research and development (R&D). Karier questions whether current R&D policy, especially the research and experimentation tax credit, can contribute to closing the gap between nondefense expenditures on R&D in the United States and such expenditures in other countries, such as Japan and Germany. He also explores possible changes to our current R&D policy to make it more effective.
Cloud Energy Storage Investment by Collaboration of Microgrids for Profit and Reliability Enhancement Considering a TSO-DSO Yearly Reward
No full textA shared pool of grid-scale storage resources called Cloud Energy Storage (CES) can bring substantial benefits to the economical and reliable operation of MGs. However, the investment cost of CES may not be affordable for a single microgrid (MG). As a solution, we propose an approach in which neighboring microgrids in a distribution network collaborate and form a multi-microgrid (multi-MG) to install a shared CES to increase their profit and improve their reliability. Different investment scenarios are evaluated by considering the yearly reward from TSO and DSO. For each of the investment scenarios, TSO and DSO give a yearly reward based on the contribution of CES in peak-shaving and distribution network operation yearly cost reduction. Afterward, a decision table is provided in which, for all investment scenarios, profit, reliability index based on expected energy not supplied (ENS), and TSO-DSO yearly reward are determined. Finally, the microgrids select one of the investment scenarios using a multi-attribute decision-making approach. Simulation results of a case study validate the effectiveness of the proposed collaborative decision-making framework in increasing the economic value of CES investment, reliability enhancement in multi-MG, and peak-shaving
Checking and enforcing robustness against TSO
No full textS.533-553We present algorithms for checking and enforcing robustness of concurrent programs against the Total Store Ordering (TSO) memory model. A program is robust if all its TSO computations correspond to computations under the Sequential Consistency (SC) semantics. We provide a complete characterization of non-robustness in terms of so-called attacks: a restricted form of (harmful) out-of-program-order executions. Then, we show that detecting attacks can be parallelized, and can be solved using state reachability queries under the SC semantics in a suitably instrumented program obtained by a linear size source-to-source translation. Importantly, the construction is valid for an unbounded number of memory addresses and an arbitrary number of parallel threads. It is independent from the data domain and from the size of store buffers in the TSO semantics. In particular, when the data domain is finite and the number of addresses is fixed, we obtain decidability and complexity results for robustness, even for a parametric number of threads. As a second contribution, we provide an algorithm for computing an optimal set of fences that enforce robustness. We consider two criteria of optimality: minimization of program size and maximization of its performance. The algorithms we define are implemented, and we successfully applied them to analyzing and correcting several concurrent algorithms
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
No full textThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
- …
