215,689 research outputs found
Head and trunk movement strategies in quiet stance : from the deficit of vestibular loss to the expertise of tightrope walkers via prosthetic feedback
No full textIs the head more locked to the trunk or stabilised in space during quite stance? Does prosthetic vestibular feedback have a positive impact on movement strategies and muscle synergies of those with vestibular loss? Does training in tandem stance lead to improved movement strategies and/or reweighting of sensory inputs? These questions have not been answered to date. This thesis attempted to answer these questions with appropriate, but new, techniques. The coordination of the head with respect to the trunk and pelvis during quiet, feet side by side, stance in normal and vestibular loss subjects was examined as well as the effect of prosthetic feedback on the strategies and synergies used by vestibular loss subjects. Changes in movement strategies and sensory feedback in tight-rope walkers with considerable training in tandem stance (one foot before the other), were also investigated.
Subjects performed the stance tasks under different sensory conditions: with eyes open or closed, and on either a firm or foam surface. Stance was either side by side stance or tandem stance. For one experiment, vibrotactile and auditory balance feedback of trunk sway was used in addition. Subject groups were bilateral vestibular loss (BVL) patients, trained tightrope walkers and age matched controls. Two further groups of young and elderly healthy subjects were used to characterise differences in head movements with aging. In all studies roll and pitch angular velocities were recorded with six body-worn gyroscopes; a set of two worn at the upper trunk, an identical set at the hips and another lighter set worn on a head band. In one study with BVL subjects, another of the lighter gyroscopes was strapped onto the lower leg. For the balance feedback study surface EMGs were recorded from pairs of antagonistic muscles at the lower leg, trunk and upper arm. Data from all experiments was analysed in both time and frequency domains. For the analysis of tandem stance an estimate of centre of mass movement was calculated as well as its time to reach a virtual stability boundary.
The results indicated that under most sensory conditions, two legged, feet side by side stance conditions, head sway at the head for both the roll and pitch direction is greater than at the upper trunk and the pelvis. For low and mid-frequencies (<0.3 Hz) the head is locked to the trunk i.e. there is a tendency for the head and trunk to move as one unit but the head movement is always more than expected from a pure inverted pendulum movement mode. For the BVL subjects the head on trunk locking is more rigid and characterized by higher resonant frequencies. Prosthetic feedback reduced pelvis sway angle displacements in BVL subjects to values of age-matched healthy controls for all stance tasks. Movement strategies in BVL subjects were reduced in amplitudes with feedback but otherwise not changed. Reduced amplitudes are achieved with improved antagonistic muscle synergies. As we observed with feet side by side stance, tandem stance is also multisegmental. Keeping balance while standing on a tightrope appears to require similar intersegmental movement strategies for the head, trunk and pelvis to those used with other, less difficult tandem stance tasks. The difference with respect to untrained normal subjects is that faster trunk movements are used by tightrope walkers as they explore the limits of the base of support. At the same time they reduce relative head and pelvis movements to those of the trunk via changed proprioceptive weightings
Prolonged Intermittent Trunk Flexion Increases Trunk Muscles Reflex Gains and Trunk Stiffness
No full textThe goal of the present study was to determine the effects of prolonged, intermittent flexion on trunk neuromuscular control. Furthermore, the potential beneficial effects of passive upper body support during flexion were investigated. Twenty one healthy young volunteers participated during two separate visits in which they performed 1 hour of intermittent 60 seconds flexion and 30 seconds rest cycles. Flexion was set at 80% lumbar flexion and was performed with or without upper body support. Before and after intermittent flexion exposure, lumbar range of motion was measured using inertial measurement units and trunk stability was assessed during perturbations applied in the forward direction with a force controlled actuator. Closed-loop system identification was used to determine the trunk translational admittance and reflexes as frequency response functions. The admittance describes the actuator displacement as a function of contact force and to assess reflexes muscle activation was related to actuator displacement. Trunk admittance gain decreased after unsupported flexion, while reflex gain and lumbar range of motion increased after both conditions. Significant interaction effects confirmed a larger increase in lumbar range of motion and reflex gains at most frequencies analysed following unsupported flexion in comparison to supported flexion, probably compensating for decreased passive tissue stiffness. In contrast with some previous studies we found that prolonged intermittent flexion decreased trunk admittance, which implies an increase of the lumped intrinsic and reflexive stiffness. This would compensate for decreased stiffness at the cost of an increase in cumulative low back load. Taking into account the differences between conditions it would be preferable to offer upper body support during activities that require prolonged trunk flexion
Criminality in the Police station Šentilj jurisdiction area
No full textV diplomskem delu smo obravnavali kriminaliteto na območju PP Šentilj. Kot osrednjo temo smo predstavili statistične podatke gibanja kriminalitete na PP, uspešnost preiskovanja s strani policije ter njihovo sodelovanje z lokalno skupnostjo. Upoštevani so bili statistični podatki policije za šestletno obdobje (2013 do 2018). Analizirali smo statistične podatke za posamezna leta, ki smo jih nato primerjali med seboj, s podatki drugih primerljivih PP in podatki za celotno Slovenijo, pri čemer smo ugotovili, da so glede na statistične podatke varnostne razmere na območju PP Šentilj ugodne in da je stopnja varnosti na visoki ravni.
Policija je brez sodelovanja in pomoči lokalne skupnosti manj uspešna pri reševanju problemov zatiranja kriminalitete in opravljanja drugih nalog na področju varnosti, zaradi česar se usmerja v skupnost usmerjeno policijsko delo. Policisti PP Šentilj zaradi kadrovskega primanjkljaja v zadnjih letih ne morejo do potankosti slediti usmeritvam v skupnost umerjenega dela. PP Šentilj kljub temu uspešno sledi svojemu poslanstvu po zagotavljanju čim večje stopnje varnosti z nenehnim prilagajanjem na varnostne izzive, saj so s svojim delom pomembno pripomogli k ugodnim varnostnim razmeram na območju PP Šentilj.
Zavedati se moramo, da je v našem življenjskem in delovnem okolju veliko odklonskih dejavnikov in pojavov, ki zmanjšujejo občutek varnosti. Največjo grožnjo varnosti predstavlja prav kriminaliteta, ki ves čas predstavlja izzive, kako se z njo spopadati. Vrsto nalog za zagotovitev te dobrine v prvi vrsti opravlja policija, ki je za to tudi poklicana. Poleg nje pa morajo svoj delež za zagotavljanje varnosti prispevati tudi vsak posameznik, lokalna skupnost in druge institucije.
Varnost je za človeka zelo pomembna vrednota. Vsak posameznik stremi k temu, da doživlja občutek varnosti in se počuti varno. Gre za potrebo, ki jo posameznik želi zadovoljiti, po drugi strani pa tudi za javno dobrino, do katere ima po Ustavi Republike Slovenije pravico vsakdo. Varnost je vrednota, ki je in mora biti v družbi cenjena in spoštovana.In the following thesis we examined the data on criminality in the jurisdiction area of the Police station Šentilj. The main subjects of the examination are the statistical data on the tendencies of criminality in the jurisdiction area of the PS Šentilj, the successfulness of its police investigations and their involvement with the local community. The provided statistical data was gathered over a six-year period (from 2013 to 2018). We analysed and sorted the statistical data by year and compared them individually, with data from other comparable police stations and the general data on criminality in Slovenia. We have come to the conclusion that, in regards with the general statistical data, the security situation in the PS Šentilj jurisdiction area is favourable and the degree of security is on a high level.
The police force is, without the cooperation and help of the local community, less successful at solving problems, at supressing criminality and at other tasks regarding safety and security. Therefore, the police orient themselves toward implementing community policing. The police officers of the PS Šentilj are unable to fully implement community policing standards due to an ongoing staff shortage. Despite that, the PS Šentilj successfully accomplishes its mission to provide the highest possible degree of safety and security, with successful and regular adjustments towards safety challenges. Through their work, the police officers significantly aid towards the establishment of a favourable security situation in the PS Šentilj jurisdiction area.
We must be aware of the fact that there are various factors of deviance and other occurrences that reduce the feeling of safety and security in our living and working environments. The greatest threat to safety and security is exactly criminality, which constantly issues challenges and requires us to make suitable responses. The various tasks for providing safety and security are carried out by the police force, which is professionally qualified for such work. Beside the police force and their work, individuals, the local community and other institutions must also contribute their share to provide safety and security for all.
Safety is a very important value for human beings. Everyone strives to feel safe and secure. This feeling is a basic human need that individuals aim to fulfil, but it is also a public good, regulated by the Constitution of the Republic of Slovenia, according to which, every citizen has a right to safety and security. The feeling of safety and security is a value that must be respected and treasured in our society
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The effects of virtual reality game training on trunk to pelvis coupling in a child with cerebral palsy
No full textBackground: Good control of trunk and pelvic movements is necessary for well controlled leg movements required to perform activities of daily living. The nature of movement coupling between the trunk and pelvis varies and depends on the type of activity. Children with cerebral palsy often have reduced ability to modulate coupling between the trunk and pelvis but movement patterns of the pelvis can be improved by training. The aim of this study was to examine how pelvis to trunk coupling changed while playing a computer game driven by pelvic rotations
ANALYSIS FINANCIAL STATEMENTS OF THE TWO INSTITUTIONS UKC MARIBOR AND UKC LJUBLJANA
No full textNa začetku diplomskega seminarja sem na splošno predstavila javne zavode, ustanovitev njihovo dejavnost in financiranje, posebnosti na področju računovodenja in računovodske izkaze, ki jih zavod sestavlja. V diplomskem seminarju sem proučevala uspešnost in učinkovitost dveh slovenskih bolnišnic, to sta UKC Ljubljana in UKC Maribor. Na podlagi bilance stanja, izkaza prihodkov in odhodkov določenih uporabnikov in izkaza prihodkov in odhodkov po načelu denarnega toka sem izpeljala analizo ter presodila, kateri izmed njiju je uspešnejši. S pomočjo podatkov iz računovodskih izkazov sem lahko uspešnost in učinkovitost javnih zavodov presodila na podlagi računovodskih kazalnikov, ki so omogočili podrobnejšo analizo poslovanja. V diplomskem seminarju so bili uporabljeni podatki iz letnih poslovnih poročil obeh zavodov za obdobje 2011, 2012, 2013 in 2014.At the beginning of my diploma seminar I have introduced general characteristics of public institutions, their work flow and their financing, special accounting characteristics and financial statements, that are made by public institutions. In my diploma seminar I have been studying the success and efficiency of two Slovenian hospitals UKC Ljubljana and UKC Maribor. I have made the analysis of balance sheet, profit and loss of these institutions, the analysis of their cash-flows and based on results made an assessment, which of two is more successful. Based on data from the financial statements, I was able to assess the efficiency with the accounting indicators, for a deeper more profound business analysis. In a bachelor seminar the financial statements of both institutions for years 2011, 2012, 2013 and 2014 have been used
Patients with gastrointestinal cancer and the effectiveness of probiotics usage
No full textUvod:
Probiotiki so zaradi svojih koristnih učinkov za zdravje gostitelja dandanes zelo pomembni v medicini. Kakovostne klinične študije kažejo številne pozitivne učinke probiotikov tudi pri bolnikih z rakom prebavil. Z našo raziskavo smo ugotavljali, kakšna je seznanjenost s probiotiki pri bolnikih po operaciji raka prebavil pri nas in kako vpliva uporaba probiotikov na bolnikovo počutje.
Metode:
Uporabljena je bila kvantitativna metodologija. Podatke smo pridobili s pomočjo anonimnega vprašalnika, ki vsebuje 20 vprašanj zaprtega tipa. Razdeljenih je bilo 123 vprašalnikov, pravilno izpolnjenih je bilo 100. Rezultati so bili analizirani s statističnim programom IBM SPSS 26. Za testiranje hipotez smo uporabili hi kvadrat in binomski test.
Rezultati:
Večina pacientov po operaciji raka prebavil ni imela večjih težav. Na to ni vplivala uporaba probiotikov. Ugotovili smo, da preiskovanci nad 60 let bistveno slabše poznajo mehanizem in delovanje probiotikov ali pa jih sploh ne poznajo. Glede na izsledke naše raziskave pacienti največ informacij o probiotikih prejmejo preko reklam na televiziji ali internetu in zelo malo od zdravstvenih delavcev.
Razprava in sklep:
V naši raziskavi smo prišli do zaključka, da se vsi anketirani pacienti po operaciji na splošno dobro počutijo. Anketirani pacienti ob tem navajajo tudi veliko pozitivnih učinkov uživanja probiotikov. Menimo, da bi bil za boljšo ozaveščenost ljudi o probiotikih potreben sistemskih pristop za implementacijo sodobnih smernic za zdravo prehrano, ki vsebuje tudi probiotike.Introduction:
Probiotics are very important in modern medicine due to their beneficial effects on the hosts health. Qualitative clinical studies also show a number of positive effects of probiotics in patients with gastrointestinal cancer. In our study we researched the familiarity of Slovenian patients with probiotics, after their gastrointestinal cancer surgery, and how the use of probiotics affects the patient\u27s well-being.
Methods:
A quantitative methodology was applied. The data was obtained with the use of an anonymous questionnaire, containing 20 closed-ended questions. A total of 123 questionnaires were distributed, 100 were filled in correctly. The results were analysed with the IBM SPSS 26 statistical program. For the testing of the hypotheses we used the binomial and chi-squared test.
Results:
Most patients did not experience any major problems after gastrointestinal cancer surgery. This fact was not affected by the use of probiotics. We found that patients over 60 years of age are significantly less familiar with the mechanism and functions of probiotics or did not know them at all. According to the results of our research, patients receive most of their information about probiotics through advertisements on television or on the Internet, and little from healthcare professionals.
Discussion and conclusion:
In our study, we came to the conclusion that all surveyed patients feel generally well after surgery. Surveyed patients also report many positive effects of probiotics usage. We believe that in order to raise the people\u27s awareness of probiotics, a systemic approach would be needed for the implementation of modern guidelines for a healthy diet, which also includes probiotics
Trunk Inclination Estimate During the Sprint Start Using an Inertial Measurement Unit: A Validation Study
No full textThe proper execution of the sprint start is crucial in determining the performance during a sprint race. In this respect, when moving from the crouch to the upright position, trunk kinematics is a key element. The purpose of this study was to validate the use of a trunk-mounted inertial measurement unit (IMU) in estimating the trunk inclination and angular velocity in the sagittal plane during the sprint start. In-laboratory sprint starts were performed by five sprinters. The local acceleration and angular velocity components provided by the IMU were processed using an adaptive Kalman filter. The accuracy of the IMU inclination estimate and its consistency with trunk inclination were assessed using reference stereophotogrammetric measurements. A Bland-Altman analysis, carried out using parameters (minimum, maximum, and mean values) extracted from the time histories of the estimated variables, and curve similarity analysis (correlation coefficient > 0.99, root mean square difference < 7 deg) indicated the agreement between reference and IMU estimates, opening a promising scenario for an accurate in-field use of IMUs for sprint start performance assessment
PLAYER\u27S TASKS WHEN LOSING OR TAKING A BALL IN ALL PHASES OF THE GAME
No full textV nogometni igri prihaja do različnih igralnih situacij, pravzaprav nekatere so si zelo podobne v svojem bistvu, le igralna situacija je vedno drugačna. Nekatere nogometne tekme so lažje, druge težje, prav vsaka tekma pa je za nogometaša drugačna. Zato prav vse te zapletene in nepredvidljive situacije, ki so prisotne v nogometni igri, zahtevajo visoko psihomotorično sposobnost, funkcionalno sposobnost in visoko intelektualno sposobnost za uspešno reševanje tehnično-taktičnih nalog posameznika in moštva.
V svoji diplomski nalogi bom naloge igralcev ob izgubi in odvzemu žoge predstavil skozi različne metode učenja. Pokazal bom primere vaj tipičnih in atipičnih igralnih situacij v vseh fazah igre ter pomembnost načel sodelovanja med igralci, oženje prostora, medsebojnega varovanja in nadomeščanja. Za učenje igralnih situacij je nujna visoka sposobnost tehničnega znanja nogometne igre. Zato so vaje, s katerimi bom predstavil problematiko in reševanje tega problema, primerne za trenerje in igralce članskega moštva.There are different game situations in the football game. Some of them are very similar in its essence, but the game situation is different every time. Some football games are easy, some are more difficult, but every single match is different for the player. All those complicated and unpredictable situations in the football game require high psychomotor abilities, functional abilities and a high intellectual ability for a successful settlement of technical tactical obligations of an individual and the team.
In my diploma work I will present player\u27s obligations when losing the possession of the ball with the help of different learning methods. I will present examples of exercises of a typical and atypical game situation in all the stages of a game. The importance of the principle of the cooperation among players, narrowing the space, mutual protection and replacement will be presented too.
For learning the game situations a high level of technical knowledge of the football game is needed. I will present exercises for presenting the problems and their solutions, and they are intended for coaches and for the players of a senior team
The influence of microbiota of kefir grains on the survival and growth of the fungus Candida albicans in milk
No full textV zadnjih dveh desetletjih se vedno več pojavlja invazivna glivična okužba, imenovana kandidoza, ki predstavlja velik zdravstveni problem po celem svetu. Za preprečevanje in zdravljenje kandidoze je med drugim potrebna tudi pravilna prehrana, med katero lahko uvrščamo tudi kefir. Tako smo se posledično v diplomskem delu osredotočili na vpliv kefirja na rast in razmnoževanje glive Candida albicans.
Diplomsko delo je sestavljeno iz dveh delovteoretičnega in raziskovalnega. V teoretičnem delu je predstavljena gliva C. albicans ter bolezni, ki jih povzroča. Opisali smo tudi kefir in njegovo sestavo, med katero sodijo kefirna zrna in kefiran. Splošno smo opisali tudi skupino probiotikov.
V raziskovalnem diplomskem delu smo ugotavljali, kako se gliva kvasovka Candida albicans razmnožuje in raste v kulturi kefirnih zrn ali v svežem mleku. Različne koncentracije C. albicans smo gojili na Hicrome Ogye gojišču, kjer je bilo prisotno sveže mleko ali sveže mleko s kefirnimi zrni.
Na podlagi raziskovalnega dela smo potrdili hipotezo, da smo ob prisotnosti kefirnih zrn zasledili manjšo rast kolonij C. albicans kot pa v svežem mleku. Iz tega lahko sklepamo, da kefir zavira oz. omejuje rast C. albicans.In the past two decades we have been noticing an increased manifestation of an invasive yeast infection candidiasis, which presents a huge health problem all over the world. In order to prevent and heal candidiasis, we should also consider a healthy diet that includes kefir as well. Therefore, this diploma thesis focuses on the influence of kefir on the growth and reproduction of Candida albicans.
The diploma thesis consists of two parts, theoretical and empirical part. In the theoretical part, we presented the fungus C. albicans and diseases caused by it. We have also described kefir and its composition, which consists of kefir grains and kefiran. A general description of a group of probiotics is also given in that part of the diploma thesis.
In the empirical part, we investigated in what way yeasts belonging to the culture of Candida albicans reproduce and grow in the culture of kefir grains or in fresh milk. Different concentrations of species C. albicans were cultured on Hicrome Ogye medium, with a presence of fresh milk or fresh milk including kefir grains.
Based on the empirical part, we confirmed our hypothesis related to the influence of kefir on the growth of the yeast-like fungus C. albicans. In the presence of kefir grains, we detected the reduced growth of C. albicans colonies. This leads us to the conclusion that kefir prevents or inhibits the growth of C. albicans
Extrapolation of time series of EMG power spectrum parameters in isometric endurance tests of trunk extensor muscles
No full textThe aim of the present study was to test the viability of using short isometric contractions of trunk extensor muscles to perform an assessment of their endurance capacity. To this aim two types of analysis were performed. First, electromyographic (EMG) mean power frequency (MPF) slopes with respect to time as estimated over shorter fixed periods were compared to slopes estimated over the full contraction period of a contraction sustained until the endurance time. Second, the relationship between MPF slope estimates as estimated over various periods and the endurance time of the muscle group was evaluated. Five subjects performed three isometric trunk endurance tests at 25%, 50% and 75% of their maximum voluntary contraction (MVC), respectively. EMG signals of the left and right multifidus, iliocostalis and longissimus muscles were continuously recorded and spectral parameters were calculated. The MPF appeared to decrease consistently during all endurance tests. The extrapolation from a MPF time series of half the estimated contraction period to the time series of the complete contraction period gave reasonable results at all force levels, when data from several electrode locations were incorporated in a single slope estimate (mean or steepst slope). The accuracy of the prediction of trunk extensor endurance on the basis of these parameters describing the MPF time series over half the estimated contraction period was satisfactory. Endurance time predictions from yet shorter periods were unreliable
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