1,720,964 research outputs found
Pembuatan Asap CAir dari Sekam Padi dengan Pirolisis
No full textPembuatan Asap CAir dari Sekam Padi dengan Pirolisi
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Pembuatan Bioetanol dari Kulit Pisang
Get PDFPada masa sekarang bahan bakar menjadi kebutuhan pokok masyarakat dan pemakaiannya cendrung
meningkat setiap tahunnya sedangkan sumber bahan bakar minyak bumi yang di pakai saat ini semakin menipis.
Oleh karena itu perlu bahan alternatif yang dapat digunakan sebagai pengganti minyak bumi. Bioetanol dapat
digunakan sebagai salah satu bahan bakar alternatif untuk mengatasi kebutuhan bahan bakar pada saat ini.
Bioetanol merupakan cairan hasil fermentasi karbohidrat (pati) menggunakan bantuan mikroorganisme.
Karbohidrat yang digunakan pada penelitian ini berasal dari kulit pisang kepok. Produksi bioetanol dari tanaman
yang mengandung pati atau karbohidrat, dilakukan melalui proses konversi karbohidrat menjadi gula (glukosa)
dengan beberapa metode diantaranya dengan hidrolisis asam dan secara enzimatis. Metode hidrolisis secara
enzimatis lebih sering digunakan karena lebih ramah lingkungan dibandingkan dengan katalis asam. Glukosa yang
diperoleh selanjutnya dilakukan fermentasi atau peragian dengan menambahkan yeast atau ragi sehingga diperoleh
bioetanol. Penelitian ini bertujuan membuat bioethanol dari limbah kulit pisang dengan variasi waktu fermentasi
dan penambahan ragi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa semakin lama fermentasi dihasilkan etanol banyak
sampai pada waktu tertentu dan semakin banyak ragi yang ditambahkan akan dihasilkan etanol semakin rendah.
Pada variasi waktu fermentasi diperoleh waktu optimum fermentasi pada waktu 144 jam dengan kadar etanol
13,5406%. Pada variasi penambahan berat ragi diperoleh kadar etanol 13,5353% dengan berat ragi 0,0624 gram.
Kata kunci : Bioetanol, fermentasi, hidrolisis, kulit pisang, ragi
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
PEMANFAATAN BAGASE TEBU DAN LIMBAH NANAS SEBAGAI BAHAN BAKU PENGHASIL BIOGAS
Get PDFSugarcane bagasse and pineapple waste were selected as agricultural wastes, by the process of anaerobic fermentation, as well as to study the effect of addition of cow dung, on gas production from sugarcane bagasse, pineapple waste and both blendings. The batch experiment was carried out to use as substrat in 20 L digester for nine treatment of sugarcane bagasse (Bg), pineapple waste (Ns), both blendings (BNs). Completely Randomized experiment method used at the laboratory scale, which intend to found the best combination between Bg-25; Bg-30; Bg-35; Ns-25; Ns-30; Ns-35; BNs-25; BNs-30 and BNs-35. The result showed that during 48 anaerobic fermentation days, the high biogas production of Ns-35; BNs-30 and BNs-35 were 17,2 L; 12,6 L and 12,3 L, respectively. The parameter of TS, VS and COD were decreased, mean while parameter of VFA was increased at initially, the 20 day and 40 day. Quantitative analysis of the flammable biogas from some of the combination showed high methane contents. The Bg-25 had 75% CH4content, BNs-35 had 74% CH4 content and Bg-30 had 70 % CH4 content. The result of semi-continuos scale of 300 L digester showed that the optimal performance of bioreactor was feeding rate at 1,4 kg TS/L/day; 2,3 kg TS/L/day and 4,1 kg TS/L/day which resulted in biogas 64.4 L/ day with methane content is 70 %.
Keywords: sugarcane bagasse, pineapple waste, biogas, methan
- …
