117,906 research outputs found
1862-2012 : THE IDENTIFICATION OF CEREBRAL PALSY AS CLINICAL ENTITY
No full textThis year (2012) marks the 150th anniversary of the first clear description of “cerebral palsy” by William John Little (1810-1894), and as such provides us with a timely opportunity to remember the historical pathway to identify this condition. The first reports of “muscular stiffness associated to the birth” were made by the French surgeons Nicolas Andry de Bois-Regard (1658-1742) and Jacques Mathieu Delpech (1777-1832), fathers of the modern concept of Orthopedics. In 1840 the German physician Jacob von Heine (1799-1879) described other three cases of cerebral palsy; he named them as “paraplegia spastica cerebralis”. Five years later, Catullo Rogier, author of the first Italian treatise on “Orthopedics”, wrote on “convulsive muscular retractions” due to “alterations of nervous centers” that generated spasticity. Even if these early works had identified the clinical features of cerebral palsy, the total number of cases studied was far too limited. Since 1853, the British surgeon Little, founder of the first “Royal Orthopedic Hospital” in London, had collected quantitative perinatal data in 24 patients for generalized spasticity: he noted associations with varying degrees of prematurity, difficult labor, instrumentation (forceps), asphyxia, and convulsions. On October 1861, Little presented his conclusions before the Obstetrical Society of London: "On the Influence of Abnormal Parturition, Difficult Labours, Premature Birth, and Asphyxia Neonatorum, on the Mental and Physical Condition of the Child, Especially in Relation to Deformities”. In this lecture, published in the following year, Little first argued that asphyxia at birth could occasionally cause permanent central nervous system damage. At the end of the century, Sigmund Freud (1856-1939) conducted several studies on this condition, being the first to write about cerebral palsy as a nosographic category. In conclusion, the history of this condition highlights also the decisive role of non-neurologists, particularly orthopedic surgeons and pediatricians, in the history of neuroscience
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
No full textThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
The relationship between facial skeletal class and expert-rated interpersonal skill: an epidemiological survey on young Italian adults
No full textThe Relationship between facial skeletal class and expert-rated interpersonal skill: an epidemiological survey on young Italian adults
No full textBackground.
The facial region plays a major role in determining physical attractiveness, so we assessed the hypothesis that the capability of successfully managing interpersonal relationships in young adults might be related to the facial skeletal class.
Methods.
1,014 young subjects applying to the Military Academy of Pozzuoli, Italy, were enrolled and the cephalometric evaluation was performed by calculating the angular relationships between skeletal points localized by the lateral cephalogram of the face, sorting the subjects in three groups corresponding to each major facial skeletal class. Concurrently, the subjects were evaluated by a team of psychiatrists administering the MMPI-2 test followed by a brief colloquium with each candidate, in order to identify those subjects characterized by low skills for managing interpersonal relationships.
Results.
According to the psychiatric evaluation about 20% of the subjects were considered potentially unable to manage successfully interpersonal relationships (NS). Males displayed an about two-fold increased risk of being NS. No differences were shown in the distribution of the NS male subjects among the three different facial skeletal classes. On the other hand, NS females displayed a different distribution among the three facial skeletal classes, with a trend of about two-fold and four-fold, respectively, for those subjects belonging to classes II and III, respect to those belonging to class I.
Conclusion.
Females may be more sensitive to physical factors determining beauty, such as the facial morphology certainly is. This finding appears to be interesting especially when thinking about possible orthodontic interventions, although further study is certainly needed to confirm these results
Square Dancing with the Stars to Enhance Dynamic Hirschman Linkages?
No full textIn this Presidential Address, the author takes the reader on a reconnaissance of his life and time as a regional scientist. He points out scenery he found scintillating along the way, hoping that some may pick up the banner and chew on a few of the ideas for a while. He suggests a revisit to Albert O. Hirschman’s notion of key sectors and more empirical analysis related to Marcus Berliant’s and Masahisa Fujita’s notion of knowledge creation and transfer.Presidential Address, San Antonio, Texas, March 29, 2014 (53rd Meetings of the Southern Regional Science Association
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
No full textWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
The relationship between facial skeletal class and expert-rated interpersonal skill: an epidemiological survey on young Italian adults
No full textLetter from unknown writer to Jesse L. Boyce
No full textLetter to Jesse L. Boyce from unknown author (possibly Jack) about the investigation into the powder magazine located in the Grand Canyon. Some personal news is included in the letter such as the writer's marriage to the daughter of C.A. Taylor, former Supervisor of Cochise County
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