1,721,095 research outputs found
Introduction: la fin de Oakes?
No full textTwenty years after the Supreme Court of Canada's famous decision in R. v. Oakes (1986) interpreting the limitation clause of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms, the meaning, role, and normative foundation of the analysis for justifying the limits of constitutional rights remain controversial. The critical essays in this volume interrogate the central question raised by this limitation clause: what general conditions must be satisfied before a constitutional right's limit constitutes a reasonable limit prescribed by law as can be demonstrably justified in a free and democratic society
La liberté de religion et les intérêts de l'enfant au Canada
Get PDF"Mémoire présenté à la Faculté des études supérieures en vue de l'obtention du grade de LL.M. en droit option recherche"Nous entamons notre étude par l'examen de cinq justifications avancées
au soutien de la liberté de religion: la tolérance, la rationalité,
l'utilitarisme, le perfectionnisme et la neutralité. Ensuite, nous exposons
de façon générale le droit relatif à liberté de religion tel qu'il est mis en
oeuvre au Canada. Ces deux étapes préliminaires nous amènent à
analyser de façon critique l'interaction entre la liberté de religion et les
droits et intérêts des enfants. La thèse générale que nous développons
est la suivante: lorsqu'une situation met en présence la liberté de religion
ainsi que les droits et intérêts fondamentaux d'un enfant qui n'est pas
assez mature et intellectuellement indépendant pour pouvoir faire des
choix éclairés, nous sommes d'avis que le test de proportionnalité n'est
pas appliqué par la Cour suprême et que généralement, il ne devrait pas
l'être. Nous concluons que l'intérêt et les droits fondamentaux de l'enfant
ont un poids prépondérant.First, the author analyses five reasons that may be advanced to justify
freedom of religion: tolerance, rationality, utilitarianism, perfectionism and
neutrality. Then, the author generally sets out the mechanisms by which
freedom of religion is interpreted in Canada. These two preliminary steps
lead to a critical analysis of the interaction between freedom of religion
and children's rights and interests. The author submits that when a legal
situation involves freedom of religion and the fundamental interests or
rights of children that are not capable of autonomous choices, the
Supreme Court does not apply a proportionality test and, generally, courts
should not apply it. The author concludes that the fundamental rights and
interests of children are preponderant
La liberté de religion et les intérêts de l'enfant au Canada
Get PDF"Mémoire présenté à la Faculté des études supérieures en vue de l'obtention du grade de LL.M. en droit option recherche"Nous entamons notre étude par l'examen de cinq justifications avancées
au soutien de la liberté de religion: la tolérance, la rationalité,
l'utilitarisme, le perfectionnisme et la neutralité. Ensuite, nous exposons
de façon générale le droit relatif à liberté de religion tel qu'il est mis en
oeuvre au Canada. Ces deux étapes préliminaires nous amènent à
analyser de façon critique l'interaction entre la liberté de religion et les
droits et intérêts des enfants. La thèse générale que nous développons
est la suivante: lorsqu'une situation met en présence la liberté de religion
ainsi que les droits et intérêts fondamentaux d'un enfant qui n'est pas
assez mature et intellectuellement indépendant pour pouvoir faire des
choix éclairés, nous sommes d'avis que le test de proportionnalité n'est
pas appliqué par la Cour suprême et que généralement, il ne devrait pas
l'être. Nous concluons que l'intérêt et les droits fondamentaux de l'enfant
ont un poids prépondérant.First, the author analyses five reasons that may be advanced to justify
freedom of religion: tolerance, rationality, utilitarianism, perfectionism and
neutrality. Then, the author generally sets out the mechanisms by which
freedom of religion is interpreted in Canada. These two preliminary steps
lead to a critical analysis of the interaction between freedom of religion
and children's rights and interests. The author submits that when a legal
situation involves freedom of religion and the fundamental interests or
rights of children that are not capable of autonomous choices, the
Supreme Court does not apply a proportionality test and, generally, courts
should not apply it. The author concludes that the fundamental rights and
interests of children are preponderant
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
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