1,721,141 research outputs found
Évaluation des politiques publiques : expérimentation randomisée et méthodes quasi-expérimentales
No full textEvaluating Public Policies : Randomised Experiments and Quasi-experimental Methods.
In this paper, we propose an introduction to experimental and quasi-experimental methods. The objective of these methods is to identify econometrically the causal effects of public policies. We present the concepts and the intuitions with the help of simple numerical examples, tables and figures, and without using advanced econometric techniques. We illustrate the discussion with some real world examples, including for instance the French Revenu de solidarité active (RSA – social inclusion benefit) policy, a dam construction project, professional training programmes and agro-environmental policies. We systematically discuss the main biases and possible problems associated with each method.Dans cet article, nous proposons une introduction aux méthodes d’évaluation expérimentales et quasi-expérimentales. L’objectif de ces méthodes est d’identifier économétriquement les effets causaux des politiques publiques. Nous présentons les concepts et les intuitions à partir d’exemples numériques simples, complétés par des tableaux et des graphiques, sans recourir à des techniques économétriques avancées. Nous illustrons la discussion avec des exemples concrets, incluant par exemple la politique de revenu de solidarité active (RSA), un projet de construction de barrage, un programme de formation professionnelle, et des mesures agro-environnementales. Nous discutons systématiquement les biais principaux et les problèmes potentiels associés à chaque méthode.Chabé-Ferret Sylvain, Dupont-Courtade Laura, Treich Nicolas. Évaluation des politiques publiques : expérimentation randomisée et méthodes quasi-expérimentales. In: Économie & prévision, n°211-212, 2017. Evaluation des politiques publiques. Conférence AFSE-DG Trésor du 17 décembre 2015. pp. 1-34
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Risk and Choice: A Research Saga
Get PDFAs in any research field, risk theory has its important questions, results, and paradoxes, as well as its seminal papers and key authors. Louis Eeckhoudt has been a key author in the field of risk theory. To celebrate his many contributions and continue the development of theories of decision making under risk, the Toulouse School of Economics hosted “Risk and choice: A conference in honor of Louis Eeckhoudt” July 12- 13, 2012. This paper presents some of Eeckhoudt’s main contributions to the literature, and provides some illustrations of the remarkable research saga in risk theory over the last 50 years since Pratt’s (1964) characterization of risk aversion under expected utility
The Value of a Statistical Life under Ambiguity Aversion
No full textInternational audienceThe paper shows that ambiguity aversion increases the value of a statistical life if the marginal utility of an increase in wealth is larger if one is alive rather than dead. Intuitively, ambiguity aversion has a similar effect as an increase in the perceived baseline mortality risk, and thus operates as the “dead anyway” effect. A numerical example suggests, however, that ambiguity aversion cannot justify the substantial “ambiguity premium” apparently embodied in environmental policy-making. The paper also shows that ambiguity aversion decreases the marginal cost of individual self-protection effort but may well decrease its marginal benefit, so that the total effect of ambiguity aversion on self-protection is unclear
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
The value of a statistical life under ambiguity aversion
Get PDFWe show that ambiguity aversion increases the value of a statistical life as soon as the marginal utility of wealth is higher if alive than dead. The intuition is that ambiguity aversion has a similar effect as an increase in the perceived baseline mortality risk, and thus operates as the dead anyway effect. We suggest, however, that ambiguity aversion should usually have a modest effect on the prevention of ambiguous mortality risks within benefit-cost analysis, and can hardly justify the substantial ambiguity premium apparently embodied in environmental policy-making
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