1,720,955 research outputs found
A qualitative study on the development and rectification of advanced medical students’ misconceptions about the physiological electrocardiogram (ECG) = Eine qualitative Untersuchung zur Entstehung und Korrektur von Fehlvorstellungen über das physiologische Elektrokardiogramm (EKG) bei Medizinstudierenden höherer Semester
No full textPurpose: The study takes a qualitative and explorative approach to capture the concepts that German medical students have of the physiological electrocardiogram (ECG) which they acquired during their preclinical training. These concepts are then considered for possible misconceptions. Afterwards a theory-based intervention which allows subjects to see the connection of the curve progression with the spatial spreading of excitation (animated vector loop) is put to the test. Methods: In the course of a diagnosis of learning potentials, individual students participated in problem-centred, guided interviews. The developed intervention was tested in separately conducted teaching experiments using thinking aloud protocols. The data evaluation was done through qualitative content analysis. Based on the conceptual metaphor theory, conceptions and their underlying embodied cognition were analysed. Results: One of the subjects’ typical misinterpretations is taking the progression of the ECG tracing for a mere increase and decrease of the myocardium’s electrical activity, rather than connecting it with its spatial and temporal aspects. The data evaluation has shown that the newly developed theory-based intervention can lead to re-learning. Reconstructed metaphorical concepts illustrate this process of understanding. It is exemplarily shown how, through the course of the interviews, students are enabled to appropriately explain ECGs as the two-dimensional representation of the spatial excitation propagation in the heart. Conclusion: By capturing typical misconceptions of the physiological electrocardiogram and demonstrating interventions that support learning, the study provides a contribution to comprehensive learning which can be used in the basic education of medical students. © 2019 Trauschke
Diagnosing learning and teaching potentials – a cognitive linguistic analysis of conceptions of heart excitation
Get PDFPurpose: The analysis of difficulties in understanding the information content of an electrocardiogram revealed indications that these are also caused by misconceptions about cardiac excitation phenomena. Therefore, a re-analysis of these research data is intended to deepen the understanding that medical students have of cardiac excitation. Furthermore, the concept of excitation represented in academic textbooks will be examined from an educational perspective. Methods: In order to diagnose learning potentials, a previous study on ECG comprehension collected statements from students using problem-centred, guideline-based interviews. These data were subjected to a re-analysis. The evaluation was based on a qualitative content analysis. Ideas of heart excitation and the underlying basal cognitions were analysed in the light of the Conceptual Metaphor theory using systematic metaphor analysis. Conceptual metaphors, which structure the understanding of this abstract fact, were identified. In a similar proced-ure, scientific ideas from textbooks were examined, too. The model of educational reconstruction served as the research framework. Results: On the basis of the data from exemplary cases, it will be shown which subject-related inappropriate ideas students of human medicine can construct when dealing with the phenomenon of excitation in a cardiological context. For example, excitation can be misinterpreted synonymously with the extracellular potential differences responsible for the development of an ECG. Sometimes, excitation is even under-stood as the tone of the myocardium. Analyzing the educational potential of academic textbooks reveals possible barriers to understanding in that excitation is not clearly defined in terms of the de-and repolarization of heart muscle cells. Moreover, both students and textbooks show an inappropriate idea of repolarization. Conclusion: The presented analysis of learning and teaching potentials offers the opportunity to identify difficulties in understanding with regard to an appropriate concept of cardiac excitation. It also helps to develop conclusions for educational interventions
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Experiments on the upswing – how practical examination tasks improve biology teaching:
No full textUm wissenschaftspropädeutische Kompetenzen differenzierter in der Abiturprüfung ansteuern zu können, sind experimentelle Aufgabenstellungen seit 2022 fester Bestandteil der Abiturklausuren im Fach Biologie. Unsere Beobachtungen zeigen, dass Schüler/-innen unter Prüfungsbedingungen selbst geplante Experimente sicher durchführen und deuten können. Gleichwohl zeichnen sich Entwicklungspotenziale zur Behebung von Defiziten bei der Berücksichtigung des Variablengefüges oder der Fehlerdiskussion ab. Für Lehrkräfte stellen das Identifizieren, Dokumentieren und Bewerten von praktischen Tätigkeiten in einer Prüfung zum einen eine logistische Herausforderung dar. Zum anderen geben vor allem jüngere Lehrkräfte an, im Studium nur unzureichend in die fachtypischen Arbeitsweisen eingeführt worden zu sein. Insgesamt trägt die Erweiterung des Prüfungsformats dazu bei, dass fachgemäßen Denk- und Arbeitsweisen wieder eine größere Bedeutung im Unterricht zukommt.In order to be able to address scientific propaedeutic skills in a more differentiated way in the Abitur examination, experimental tasks have been a fixed component of the Abitur examinations in biology since 2022. Our observations show that students can confidently carry out and interpret selfplanned experiments under examination conditions. Nevertheless, there is potential for development to remedy deficits in the consideration of the structure of variables or the discussion of errors. On the one hand, identifying, documenting and evaluating practical activities in an examination is a logistical challenge for teachers. On the other hand, younger teachers in particular state that they were insufficiently introduced to typical subject-specific working methods during their studies. On the whole, the expansion of the examination format helps to ensure that subject-specific ways of thinking and working will take on greater importance in lessons again
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
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