322,939 research outputs found
Diffusive author(s), cohesive author: Analysis of S/N (1994)
No full textThis study indicates the ways in which various aspects of the author(s) are brought forth in Dumb type’s performance art, the S/N production. Previous research has suggested a non-hierarchical organization of Dumb type and the absence of a “privileged author” in Dumb type’s collaborative work, S/N. However, the results that I have investigated from member’s interviews on the creative process of S/N along with my analysis of the recorded images of S/N, indicate a different aspect of the author(s). First, S/N was created through, so to speak, the collective ideas of the members of Dumb type. Further, S/N has at least nine quotations from previous performances, installations, and printed writings, besides the work-in-progress technique. Explicating one of the “author functions” as given by Michel Foucault, each text has plural subjects of the author. However, it has been revealed from members’ interviews that Teiji Furuhashi had a decision-making role in selecting the members’ ideas within the performance. Since then, S/N has had plural subjects of creation; however, Furuhashi is one of the subjects of creation along with the “privileged author.” S/N has plural authors (diffusive authors) yet at the same time, it has a “privileged author,” Teiji Furuhashi (cohesive author)
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
No full textThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
State Forest Management Centre, Saaremaa Forest District`s Tika Road Reconstruction Project
No full textLõputööna koostatud projekt on tehtud vastavalt lähtetülesandes välja toodud III järgu metsatee seisundinõuetele ning B3 projekteerimistasemele. Uurimistöö käigus on leitud esmaseid lahendusi võsa eemaldamiseks, truupide parandamiseks, tee katte parandamiseks ning pinnavee paremaks ärajuhtimiseks. Üleliigse võsa saab ladustada tee ääres olevatele lageraide aladele. Kraavide puhastamisest tuleva materjali võib ladustada kraavi äärde metsa alla. Uurimistööde käigus on leitud, et vanad truubid on täielikult kokku varisenud, mille tulemusel tuleb vanad r/b truubid asendada. Uuteks truupideks on 400 mm ja 500 mm läbimööduga plasttruubid (MAOK). Kõrgvee taset saab vähendada, pannes reservide ning teekraavide vahele truubid. Samuti tuleb välja kaevata osa teekraavi peal olevast maapinnasest, muutes kaevatud ala kraaviks. Väljakaeve toimub kohtades, kus maapinda ei kasutata mahasõiduna metsa-alale. Sel tulemusel on pinnaveel ning kraavis oleval veel vaba pääse voolata teekraavist ning küvetist olemasolevatesse maaparanduskraavidesse. Uurimise käigus on näha, et poolel olemasolevast teest puudub korralik kruuskate. Selle tulemusel võib tee kaotada oma kandevõime. Eriti juhul, kui teed kasutatakse märjal ajal. Tee kandevõime vähenemise vältimiseks leidis lõputöö ning projekti koostaja, et piisab ainult uue ning korraliku kruuskatte ehitusest. Seda sellepärast, et tee muldkeha on vana ning seoses sellega tugev. Aluspinnaseks on liivsavi ning savi. Lisada tuleb 10 cm liivakiht, mille peale tuleb NGS geotekstiil. Eelnimetatud kihtide ülesandeks on läbi katte tulev vesi vastu võtta ning läbi enda dreenida teekraavi või küvetti. Sealt edasi voolab vesi omasoodu. Geotekstiilile tuleb peale vastava paksusega kruusasegud. Keskkonnaamet ei leia koostatud projektis ohtu keskkonnale. Sellest tulenevalt, ei ole toodud välja erinõudmisi või kitsendusi rekonstrueerimisprojekti koosamiseks. Objekti vahetusläheduses puuduvad kaitsealad, looduspargid ning ohu all olevad taime- ning loomaliigid. Töö koosataja on lõputöö koosseisu välja toonud tee hooldamiseks sobiliku info, mida projekteeritava tee omanik peaks jälgima peale tee valmimist. Jälgida tuleb seda, et teed kasutatakse metsatee seisundinõuetele ning projekteerimistasemele vastavalt. Tee omanik peab tegema regulaarset kontrolli tee seisukorra jälgimiseks. Töö autor on seisukohal, et antud projekt on koostatud tee seisukohast vaadatuna õigeaegselt. Rekonstrueeritav tee ei ole veel ära kaotanud oma kandevõimet. Sellest võib välja lugeda, et teed ei ole valel aastaajal kasutades kuritarvitatud. Tänu sellele ei pea läbi viima ulatuslikku muldkeha parandust ning seoses sellega väheneb ka objekti maksumus.The choice for the subject of this thesis was driven by a wish to improve the infrastructure near the homeplace of the author. The topic of this thesis is „State Forest Management Centre, Saaremaa forest district`s Tika road reconstruction project“. Tika road is situated in Saare County, on the island of Muhu. The motivating aspect of this project was the opportunity to do the object from the beginning to the end. By this, design as well as construction was meant. The objective of this thesis is to design a reconstruction project commissioned by the State Forest Management Centre. The aim of this project is to improve the conditions of the Tika road resulting in improvement of forest management. The main volume of this thesis consists of the explanatory note, in which drawings and tables are included. Problems of the road are: narrowing, in the terms of growing underwood; inosculation of the trench; half of the road has lost a decent cover of gravel, which has probably led to decrease of the road`s load capacity; existing culverts have collapsed; lack of connections between water reserves and trenches, which have led to high level of surface water. The opinion of the author is that the biggest problems are how to increase or maintain the load capacity and how to improve the drain of the surface water. These two problems are related. A high water level can cause frost heaves during winter, which will lead to the decrease of load capacity. Thus, lowering the water level has great importance in increasing the life expectancy of the road. The author`s opinion on how to lower the water level is by putting culverts between reserves and trenches. Also, it is nescessary to dig out earth, which is on the path of the trench, so that water can flow freely. Excvation only takes place in places where the soil is not used as an exit for forest area. A lack of proper gravel layer may cause the loss of load capacity. To avoid this, the author has an understanding that it is enough to cover the road a new and a proper layer of gravel. It is, because the embankment is old and thus strong enough. The author of this thesis thinks, that the project has been put together at a perfect time as the road has not yet lost its load capacity; it has not been abused. Due to that, it is not necessary to carry out an extensive embankment repair, thus the costs of the project are relatively low
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
No full textWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
Author's address:
No full textCan archives of audiovisual TV interviews be used to make authors more visible to students, and thereby reduce the learning gap between native and non-native language speakers in college classes? We examined students in a college course who learned about one scholar's ideas through watching an audiovisual TV interview (i.e., visible author format) and about another scholar's ideas through reading a formal text description (i.e., invisible author format). For the invisible author, native language speakers scored significantly higher than the non-native language speakers on a corresponding exam question (i.e., a cognitive measure), generated more words on the exam question (i.e., a motivational measure), and mentioned the author's name more often in answering the exam question (i.e., an affective measure). For the visible author, the groups did not differ on any of these measures. These findings provide evidence for the idea that making the author visible through audiovisual TV interviews can eliminate the learning gap between native and non-native language speakers. 3 Universities around the world serve students who are non-native speakers of th
The vanishing author in computer-generated works: a critical analysis of recent Australian case law
No full textAbstract
The use of software is ubiquitous in the creation of many copyright works, yet the requirement in copyright law that every work have a human author who engages in independent intellectual effort means that its use may prevent copyright subsistence. Several recent Australian cases have refocused attention on authorship as an essential criterion of copyright subsistence, and these cases suggest that much computer-produced output may be authorless and thus lack copyright protection. This article, the first in a two-part series, analyses how each case deals with the question of authorship of computer-produced works and why the use of software diminishes copyright protection for a significant number of computer-generated works. The article critiques the application of conventional notions of human authorship developed in the pre-computer age to modern productions and suggests alternative approaches to authorship that satisfy both the major objectives of copyright policy and the need to adapt to the computer age. The article argues that, without a broader judicial approach to authorship of computer-generated works, Parliament must remedy the lacuna in protection for these ‘authorless’ works. Possible solutions for reform are suggested. In a forthcoming article, the author comprehensively examines those reform proposals
The construction of Karen Karnak: The multi-author-function
No full textThis thesis is situated within the comparatively recent developments of Web 2.0 and the emergence of interactive WikiMedia, and explores the mode of authorship within a Read/Write culture compared to that of a Read/Only tradition. The hypothesis of this study is that the role of the audience has become merged with the author, and as such, represents new functions and attributes, distinct from a more conventional concept of authorship, in which the roles of audience and author are more separate. Read/Write and participatory culture, as defined by this study, is focused on collaboration, and includes the influences of D.I.Y. culture, Open-Source practices and the production of text by multiple authors. Multi-authorship presents a re-thinking of several concepts which support the notion of the individual author, since the focus of multi-authorship is not on attribution and ownership of a finished text, but on the continued malleability of a text. Modes of multi-authorship, demonstrated in the use of the pseudonyms Alan Smithee and Karen Eliot, represent declarative authors whose names signify multiple origins, whilst concurrently indicating a distinct body of work. The function of these names form an important context to this study, since primary research involves the construction of an experimental mode of multi-authorship utilising WikiMedia technology and the interaction of thirty nine participants, who are invited to create a body of work under the collective pseudonym Karen Karnak. The data generated by this experiment is analysed using aspects of Michel Foucault's author-function to identify and determine power structures inherent in the WikiMedia context. The interplay of power structures, including concepts such as identity, ownership and the body of work, affect the resulting mode of authorship and contribute to the construction of Karen Karnak, suggesting further areas of research into the emerging multi-author
Tartu. Toomkiriku W-tornide vaade S-st
No full textTekst negatiivi ümbrikul: Tartu, toome varemed. Photo [Kjellin-maha tõmmatud] Waldmann, 1924. fassaad. Tempel: Instituu
An Author´s Existence
No full textThis bachelor´s thesis represents a sort of personal looking back vhich goes in two parallel lines - looking for oneself in artistic circles and looking for one own creative approach to the life and pedagogy. The work is divided into three parts. First part maps the author´s (not only) family background, in the second part the author leads us through a period of searching and trying to understand oneself through studying artistic and psychosomatic disciplines and the third integrating part concentrates on the present moment as a point of departure for work with the voice and voice pedagogy
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